Kosova vazhdon t\u00eb p\u00ebrballet me pasojat e shkaktuara nga pandemia COVID-19 dhe lufta n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u2019u ballafaquar m\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb problem, Kosov\u00ebs i duhet nj\u00eb reform\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore ekonomike e tipit \u201cNew Deal.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cNew Deal\u201d (Marr\u00ebveshja e Re) ishte nj\u00eb reform\u00eb financiare dhe projekte publike t\u00eb miratuara nga presidenti Franklin D. Roosevelt n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara, gjat\u00eb viteve 1930, p\u00ebr t\u2019u ballafaquar me kriz\u00ebn socio-ekonomike, e cila arriti t\u00eb tejkaloj\u00eb kriz\u00ebn e at\u00ebhershme.<\/p>\n
Momentalisht, ekonomia e Kosov\u00ebs po p\u00ebrballet edhe me ngritje t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb inflacionit (mesatarisht\u00a011.6%<\/a>\u00a0m\u00eb 2022), e cila ka shkaktuar goditje serioze n\u00eb mir\u00ebqenien e qytetar\u00ebve dhe po ashtu edhe pasiguri. P\u00ebr t\u2019u ballafaquar me k\u00ebt\u00eb problem duhet nj\u00eb intervenim i fort\u00eb shtet\u00ebror. Prandaj \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nevoja e domosdoshme p\u00ebr ta zhvilluar nj\u00eb plan t\u00eb ri ekonomik.<\/p>\n Vendimet e Qeveris\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00adPas miratimit t\u00eb Pakos\u00a0Emer\u00adgjente<\/a>\u00a0Fiskale gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb n\u00eb mars t\u00eb vitit 2020 dhe\u00a0Programit<\/a>\u00a0t\u00eb Rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjes Ekonomike kat\u00ebr muaj m\u00eb von\u00eb, Qeveria b\u00ebri zbatimin e Pakos s\u00eb\u00a0Rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjes Ekonomike<\/a>. Masat kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb subvencionimin e normave t\u00eb interesit, nxitjen e prodhimit, nxitjen e pun\u00ebsimit p\u00ebrmes subvencionimit t\u00eb pagave, etj. K\u00ebto dy pako mund t\u00eb thuhet se kan\u00eb ndikuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrballimin e kriz\u00ebs imediate dhe Kosova pati nj\u00eb\u00a0rikthim<\/a>\u00a0mjaft t\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2021.<\/p>\n Gjithashtu, Kosova pritet ta ket\u00eb\u00a0rritjen<\/a>\u00a0m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb ekonomike n\u00eb rajon. Ndikimi i sakt\u00eb i k\u00ebtyre masave n\u00eb rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbje \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet. Sidoqoft\u00eb, nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb e rritjes s\u00eb viteve t\u00eb fundit tregon se n\u00ebse p\u00ebrjashtohen dy vitet e jasht\u00ebzakonshme (2020 dhe 2021), rritja ekonomike ndryshon shum\u00eb pak (nga 3.5 deri 4.8), e q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur nj\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb zhvillimor.<\/p>\n Pra, k\u00ebto pako financiare dhe ekonomike nga Qeveria nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur problemet kronike t\u00eb vendit, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb papun\u00ebsia dhe var\u00ebsia e lart\u00eb nga\u00a0importi<\/a>. Prandaj, ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr ta dizajnuar nj\u00eb pako m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb q\u00eb synon ta trajtoj\u00eb situat\u00ebn n\u00eb planin afatgjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n K\u00ebto politika t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme duhet t\u00eb udh\u00ebhiqen nga disa parime t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme. Vendit i duhet nj\u00eb \u201cNew Deal\u201d autokton p\u00ebr ta ringjallur ekonomin\u00eb, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e vetmja shpres\u00eb p\u00ebr zhvillim. Pakoja duhet t\u00eb dizajnohet duke ndjekur parimet e p\u00ebrgjithshme n\u00eb vijim.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb plan p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ekonomi ndryshe<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u00eb pari, duhet t\u00eb zbatohet nj\u00eb skem\u00eb e re tatimore\u00a0Windfall tax<\/a>, q\u00eb definohet si tatim mbi fitimet e papritura. Ky tatim do t\u00eb targetonte fitimet e papritura gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb dhe kriz\u00ebs s\u00eb shkaktuar nga lufta n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb, e t\u00eb cilat i tejkalojn\u00eb nivelet normale t\u00eb fitimit. Kjo do t\u00eb ndihmonte n\u00eb luftimin e pabarazis\u00eb s\u00eb shkaktuar nga k\u00ebto kriza.<\/p>\n Tutje, duhet t\u00eb krijohen nj\u00eb fond i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb zhvillimor dhe nj\u00eb bank\u00eb zhvillimore, q\u00eb do ta komplementarizonin fondin sovran, p\u00ebr t\u00eb injektuar kapital n\u00eb ekonomi dhe p\u00ebr t\u2019i orientuar investimet. T\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohet pakoja e re q\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqen edhe fonde t\u00eb tjera \u2013 p\u00ebrmes nxitjes s\u00eb ndihmave nga jasht\u00eb, kredive komerciale, ose investimeve t\u00eb tjera nga diaspora ose nga vendi.<\/p>\n Duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb zgjerim n\u00eb sektor\u00eb t\u00eb rinj dhe n\u00eb prodhim e eksport, sidomos n\u00eb sektorin e gjelb\u00ebr dhe at\u00eb t\u00eb Industris\u00eb s\u00eb Teknologjis\u00eb dhe Komunikimit (ITK), si sektor\u00eb me m\u00eb shum\u00eb potencial p\u00ebr rritje.<\/p>\n Disa parime t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme jan\u00eb n\u00eb vijim. T\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohen\u00a0remitencat<\/a>\u00a0n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb efi\u00e7iente, duke kaluar nga konsumi n\u00eb investime. Ndihma p\u00ebr bizneset t\u00eb realizohet me fokus te krahu i pun\u00ebs dhe te rritja e kapaciteteve prodhuese. Pako t\u00eb jet\u00eb integrale \u2013 t\u00eb dizajnohet duke pasur parasysh politikat publike n\u00eb fushat e tjera, si sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsia, bujq\u00ebsia, kultura, etj. T\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrfshirja e komunave dhe t\u00eb nxiten komunat n\u00eb zbatimin e politikave t\u00eb ngjashme n\u00eb nivel komunal.<\/p>\n Gjithashtu, duhet t\u00eb testohen politika t\u00eb reja q\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme \u2013 p\u00ebr shembull, t\u00eb ardhurat themelore universale dhe ndihmat e papun\u00ebsis\u00eb. Dhe, p\u00ebr fund, t\u00eb sigurohen transparenca, llogaridh\u00ebnia dhe meritokracia n\u00eb dizajnimin dhe implementimin e pakos.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb efektiv, plani duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb tri lloje t\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs: grante, hua dhe blerje. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebtyre, duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb leht\u00ebsime fiskale dhe leht\u00ebsime t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr industrit\u00eb strategjike, q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte di\u00e7ka e re. Rezultati i pakos t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje e re ku ndodhin tri gj\u00ebra, zgjerimi i prodhimit dhe eksportit, ngritja n\u00eb vargun e vler\u00ebs, opsione publike n\u00eb industri ky\u00e7e (si sigurimet, shitja me pakic\u00eb, transporti, etj.) dhe industri t\u00eb tjera, si dhe forcimi i pozit\u00ebs s\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve p\u00ebrmes kooperativizimit dhe forcimit t\u00eb sindikatave.<\/p>\n Gjithashtu duhet t\u00eb krijohet tabela e rangimit me poen\u00eb, ku firmat fitojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb poen\u00eb n\u00ebse plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb kritere t\u00eb pakos. P\u00ebr shembull, m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti poen\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb ato firma q\u00eb jan\u00eb prodhuese, eksportuese, n\u00eb industri strategjike, pajtohen t\u2019i shtojn\u00eb\/zgjerojn\u00eb linjat e prodhimit, ngren\u00eb zinxhirin e vler\u00ebs, t\u2019i b\u00ebjn\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt aksionar\u00eb dhe t\u00eb hapin vende pune e t\u00eb blejn\u00eb makineri t\u00eb re.<\/p>\n Sa u p\u00ebrket blerjeve, shteti duhet t\u00eb blej\u00eb aksione kontrolluese n\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje n\u00ebp\u00ebr industrit\u00eb strategjike dhe t\u00eb tjera, si p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb ITK, energji, farmaceutik\u00eb, mjek\u00ebsi, kimikale, ushqimore, bujq\u00ebsore, tregti (supermarkete), tekstil, prodhimtari makinerish, pjes\u00ebsh dhe veglash, nd\u00ebrtim rrugor e banesor, transport mallrash e njer\u00ebzish, arsim privat si dhe industri t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n Kompanit\u00eb publike mund ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb zgjerimin e aktivitetit t\u00eb tyre duke sh\u00ebrbyer si motor\u00eb t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, Telekomi mund t\u00eb filloj\u00eb t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb internet broadband dhe sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb reja. KEK-u mund t\u00eb zgjeroj\u00eb aktivitetet n\u00eb prodhimin e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb rip\u00ebrt\u00ebritshme. Kurse hidrosistemi Ib\u00ebr-Lepenc mund t\u00eb zgjeroj\u00eb rrjetin e ujitjes, si dhe shfryt\u00ebzimin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb kanaleve, si p.sh. p\u00ebrmes instalimit t\u00eb paneleve solare mbi to.<\/p>\n Sa u p\u00ebrket nd\u00ebrmarrjeve t\u00eb reja private, duhet t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb fond q\u00eb p\u00ebrkrah nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsit e rinj. Aty shteti do t\u00eb vepronte si \u201cangel investor\u201d, si\u00e7 ndodh n\u00eb\u00a0New\u00a0<\/a>York<\/a>, duke u ofruar nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsve t\u00eb rinj fonde n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim p\u00ebr aksione.<\/p>\n N\u00eb aspektin afatshkurt\u00ebr, duhet modifikuar politikat fiskale e monetare q\u00eb t\u00eb nxisin aktivitetin ekonomik. Mund t\u00eb ndryshohet Tatimi mbi Vler\u00ebn e Shtuar (TVSh) dhe m\u00ebnyra e pages\u00ebs s\u00eb saj \u2013 p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb vend se t\u00eb paguhet n\u00eb momentin e importit si\u00e7 b\u00ebhet tash, t\u00eb b\u00ebhet pagesa pas nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb caktuar. Kjo do t\u00eb lironte kapitalin p\u00ebr investime nga operator\u00ebt privat\u00eb. Ngjash\u00ebm mund t\u00eb eliminohet TVSh-ja mbi l\u00ebnd\u00ebn e par\u00eb vendore, gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb nxiste edhe prodhimin vendor.<\/p>\n N\u00ebse dizajnohet nj\u00eb pako e stilit \u201cNew Deal\u201d n\u00eb linj\u00eb me k\u00ebto parime, at\u00ebher\u00eb vendi ka gjasa q\u00eb t\u2019i ik\u00eb kriz\u00ebs kronike. Kjo do ta leht\u00ebsonte edhe ballafaqimin me sfidat e reja, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb ikja e krahut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Kosova vazhdon t\u00eb p\u00ebrballet me pasojat e shkaktuara nga pandemia COVID-19 dhe lufta n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u2019u ballafaquar m\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb problem, Kosov\u00ebs i duhet nj\u00eb reform\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore ekonomike e tipit \u201cNew Deal.\u201d \u201cNew Deal\u201d (Marr\u00ebveshja e Re) ishte nj\u00eb reform\u00eb financiare dhe projekte publike t\u00eb miratuara nga presidenti Franklin D. Roosevelt n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":10596,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[691,664,831],"ppma_author":[29],"class_list":["post-828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-economy","tag-kosovo","tag-new-deal"],"authors":[{"term_id":29,"user_id":19,"is_guest":0,"slug":"seb-bytyci","display_name":"Seb Byty\u00e7i","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1668771566235.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1668771566235.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Byty\u00e7i","first_name":"Seb","description":"Dr. Seb Bytyci ka p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebse n\u00eb hulumtim shkencor dhe m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnie p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy dekada, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb angazhime me University of London\/LSE, University of York, University of Winchester, William College, IPOL Institute, si dhe Police Federation of England and Wales. Ai ka qen\u00eb gjithashtu i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb avokim praktik dhe ka bashk\u00ebpunuar me organizata nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare si OKB, UNDP dhe OSBE.\r\n\r\nSeb ka doktoratur\u00eb (PhD) nga University of York; nj\u00eb Master n\u00eb Administrat\u00eb Publike (MPA) n\u00eb Analiz\u00eb Politikash dhe \u00c7\u00ebshtje Krahasuese & Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare nga Indiana University (Bloomington), si dhe nj\u00eb MES n\u00eb Integrim Evropian dhe Rajonaliz\u00ebm nga University of Graz\/EIPA\/EURAC.\r\n\r\nHulumtimi i tij i doktoratur\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb fokusuar n\u00eb institucionet n\u00eb vende n\u00eb tranzicion, nd\u00ebrsa fushat e tij t\u00eb interesit p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e institucioneve efektive dhe lidershipin, \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e BE-s\u00eb dhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, zgjidhjen e konflikteve, shtetin zhvillimor dhe proceset e transformimit shoq\u00ebror."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=828"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":829,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/828\/revisions\/829"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10596"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=828"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}