{"id":1384,"date":"2022-03-15T14:52:19","date_gmt":"2022-03-15T13:52:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=1384"},"modified":"2023-12-11T15:06:53","modified_gmt":"2023-12-11T14:06:53","slug":"assessing-fadil-hoxhas-legacy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/assessing-fadil-hoxhas-legacy\/","title":{"rendered":"Assessing Fadil Hoxha\u2019s legacy"},"content":{"rendered":"

The adoption of the Resolution at the\u00a0Bujan Conference<\/strong>\u00a0on December 31, 1943 – January 2, 1944, among others, explicitly stated that Kosovo wants to join Albania. However, there were indications among Yugoslav partisans that this would not be possible. This is confirmed by the letter that Milovan \u0110ilas, the right hand of Josip Broz Tito, sent in March 1944 to the adopters of the resolution. The letter states the following: “raising the issue of border changes helps the Germans to incite peoples against each other.” In March 1944, Tito wrote that Vojvodina and other similar areas “would gain broad autonomy and the question of which federal unit these areas would join would depend on the will of the people, through their representatives, by a final decision after the war.\u201d<\/p>\n

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In February 1945, Eduard Kardel, one of Tito’s closest advisers at the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, said that “the best solution would be to join Albania, but because foreign and domestic factors do not favor this, it must remain a compact province of Serbia.\u201d At the same time, when Kosovo came\u00a0under military administration<\/a>\u00a0commanded by Savo Drljevi\u0107, Fadil Hoxha agreed to become his deputy commander. Worse, he agreed to take part in military operations against Shaban Polluzha and his comrades-in-arms, who were fighting against crimes and injustices targeting Albanians. This is one of the big stains in Fadil Hoxha’s biography.<\/p>\n

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From 1912 onwards, whenever the territory of Kosovo fell under the rule of a foreign country, Serbia incited uprisings of Kosovo Albanians against these foreign empires. The purpose was to make Kosovo easier to occupy once such empires leave Kosovo. This is what happened with the Albanian uprising of 1912 against the Ottoman Empire when Serbia supported Albanians by providing money, ammunition, and weapons to Isa Boletini, and once the Ottomans left, Serbia invaded Kosovo, committing horrific crimes against Albanian civilians. Isa Boletini resisted the Serbo-Montenegrin forces but was eventually killed.<\/p>\n

The same scenario happened between 1915-1918 when Kosovo was under the rule of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Serbia supported Azem Bejta to fight against the Austro-Hungarian regime, and when they left, Serbia invaded by committing terrible crimes against Albanian civilians. However, Azem Bejta resisted the Serbian forces, but as Isa Boletin, a similar fate followed him. Bejta was eventually killed.<\/p>\n

The situation was similar during the 1941-1944 period when Kosovo was under Italian\/German rule. Serbia supported Fadil Hoxha to fight against the Nazi fascists, and once those troops were gone, Serbia invaded Kosovo by committing crimes against Albanian civilians. But this time around, unlike Isa Boletini and Azem Bejta, Fadil Hoxha did not resist the Serbian forces and therefore survived.<\/p>\n

In April 1945, two of Fadil Hoxha’s comrades-in-arms, Du\u0161an Mugosha and Mehmet Hoxha, members of the Anti-Fascist National Liberation Assembly of Serbia, declared that Kosovo wanted to be part of Serbia, Fadil Hoxha did not say a single word. Even worse, when 142 representatives of the Communist Party in Kosovo, of which approximately one-third were Albanians,\u00a0adopted<\/a>\u00a0a resolution on the annexation of Kosovo to Serbia,<\/u>\u00a0no one rejected it. There was simply no discussion, the resolution was adopted by acclamation. Fadil Hoxha was among the members of this Assembly.<\/p>\n

Between 1945 and 1946, the Sami Frash\u00ebri gymnasium sports hall in Pristina was transformed into a courtroom. Fadil Hoxha’s comrades-in-arms, Ali Shukria and Xhavit Nimani, the former in the capacity of the prosecutor and the latter as a judge, condemned Albanian political rivals. The Tauk Bahce park in Prishtina was filled with executed Albanian nationalists who opposed the Yugoslav regime.<\/p>\n

Where was Fadil Hoxha when this happened? In his war diary during the 1941-1943 period titled “When spring comes late”, he admits to giving orders to assassinate political opponents. Additionally, where was Fadil Hoxha when the\u00a0Bar Massacre<\/a>\u00a0(Montenegro) took place when rigged trials were held against innocent Albanians, such as the Prizren Trial in 1956? Unfortunately, many times more innocent Albanian civilians were killed in the first four years of the so-called \u201cliberation\u201d of 1945-1949, rather than during the \u201coccupation\u201d of 1941-1944.<\/p>\n

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One of the most prominent Albanian politicians and writers of the time, Adem Dema\u00e7i, admitted during 1958-1959 investigations in prison that he had openly declared the need for the assassination of Du\u0161an Mugo\u0161a and Fadil Hoxha. He also admitted that he suggested putting a sign on their corpses saying the following: \u201cWhere were you when Albanians were forced to Turkey? Where were you during the state action for the collection of weapons?\u201d While Fadil Hoxha was in power, Dema\u00e7i was the one in prison. While Dema\u00e7i supported the demonstrations of Kosovo Albanians in 1968 and 1981 advocating in support of an independent Kosovo, Hoxha branded him as a nationalist, secessionist, irredentist, and so on.<\/p>\n

However, during the 1998-1999 war in Kosovo, Fadil Hoxha was one of the few Kosovo Albanian political figures to visit Adem Dema\u00e7i at the office of the General Political Office of Kosovo Liberation Army and publicly support him. After the war, Dema\u00e7i said that Fadil Hoxha tried to do as much as he could to serve the Albanian cause, amid difficult times. Demaci stated that Hoxha was a diplomatic master because \u201che opposed me in public, but he insisted on defending the rights of the Albanian people during the meetings with the Yugoslav representatives.\u201d<\/p>\n

The contribution of Fadil Hoxha should not be denied. For example, right after the Second World War, during the first and last meeting with Enver Hoxha, he managed to provide Kosovo with 200 teachers from Albania as well as textbooks in the Albanian language. But, this development came as a result of several other factors. For instance, the organization of demonstrations of 1968, the intervention of the Soviet Union in Czechoslovakia, which influenced the repair of relations between Yugoslavia and Albania for fear of both countries from a similar intervention, a correction that also affected the improvement of Kosovo’s position. Kosovo could even achieve the status of a Yugoslav Republic if its leadership during the \u201870s was more persistent.<\/p>\n

There are other factors that influenced the personality of Fadil Hoxha not to be portrayed quite negatively among Albanians. After the demonstrations of 1981, Serbia’s propaganda campaign against Kosovo was centralized against Fadil Hoxha. This propaganda culminated in 1986 with the affair that the Serbian press would describe as the “Fadilgate.\u201d According to this, Fadil Hoxha suggested bringing women from other Yugoslav regions in order to prevent raping Albanian women in Kosovo. Hoxha then apologized to non-Albanian women and resigned from his position. He was also charged with inciting national, religious, and racial hatred, dissension, and intolerance.<\/p>\n

Another factor that may have influenced the ‘rehabilitation’ of Fadil Hoxha’s public image is the fact that after the war when the KLA leaders founded the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK), they declared Fadil Hoxha an honorary member, and on the occasion of his death organized his funeral with military honors by the Kosovo Protection Corps (TMK).<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, there are no biographies available of any Kosovo political figure from the last century. Therefore, the life and work of Fadil Hoxha should be studied based on archives and the press of the time, and not only in the stories of his associates and opponents or Hoxha himself. Eventually, we should stop the practice of designing hagiographies for our political personalities and start researching and studying these personalities professionally. A professional biography should be compiled in the case of Fadil Hoxha. Hoxha\u2019s house in Prishtina where his library is preserved should be designated as a museum, and expose both sides of his legacy.<\/p>\n

*This article was originally written in Albanian.\u00a0<\/em>https:\/\/sbunker.net\/teh\/91307\/fadil-hoxha-ne-peshore\/<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The adoption of the Resolution at the\u00a0Bujan Conference\u00a0on December 31, 1943 – January 2, 1944, among others, explicitly stated that Kosovo wants to join Albania. However, there were indications among Yugoslav partisans that this would not be possible. This is confirmed by the letter that Milovan \u0110ilas, the right hand of Josip Broz Tito, sent […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":401,"featured_media":1387,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[724,664,12,701],"ppma_author":[685],"class_list":["post-1384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-fadil-hoxha","tag-kosovo","tag-serbia","tag-yugoslavia"],"authors":[{"term_id":685,"user_id":401,"is_guest":0,"slug":"shkelzen-gashi","display_name":"Shk\u00eblzen Gashi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Shkelzen-Gashi-1-1024x641-1-150x150-1.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Shkelzen-Gashi-1-1024x641-1-150x150-1.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Gashi","first_name":"Shk\u00eblzen","description":"Shk\u00eblzen Gashi ka studiu Shkencat Politike n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs, kurse magjistratur\u00ebn p\u00ebr Demokraci dhe t\u00eb Drejta t\u00eb Njeriut n\u00eb programin e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt studimor t\u00eb Universiteteve t\u00eb Bolonj\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb Sarajev\u00ebs. \u00cbsht\u00eb autor i shum\u00eb botimeve (librave dhe artikujve). N\u00eb vitin 2010 ka botuar biografin\u00eb e paautorizuar t\u00eb Adem Dema\u00e7it, i cili ka kaluar 28 vjet n\u00ebp\u00ebr burgjet jugosllave. Koh\u00ebt e fundit, ka botu shum\u00eb artikuj brenda e jasht\u00eb vendit rreth historis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb tekstet m\u00ebsimore t\u00eb historis\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe n\u00eb vendet p\u00ebrreth Kosov\u00ebs \u2013 Shqip\u00ebri, S\u00ebrbi, Mal t\u00eb Zi dhe Maqedoni. Po ashtu, tani \u00ebsht\u00eb duke shkruar biografin\u00eb e Ibrahim Rugov\u00ebs, udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs 1989-2006."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1384","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/401"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1384"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1388,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1384\/revisions\/1388"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1384"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=1384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}