{"id":1427,"date":"2021-12-20T11:33:13","date_gmt":"2021-12-20T10:33:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=1427"},"modified":"2023-12-11T15:07:04","modified_gmt":"2023-12-11T14:07:04","slug":"perdorimi-i-emigranteve-si-arme-politike-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/perdorimi-i-emigranteve-si-arme-politike-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00ebrdorimi i emigrant\u00ebve si arm\u00eb politike (II)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pages\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb mbylljes s\u00eb portave<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bashkimi Evropian nuk ka arritur asnj\u00ebher\u00eb ta konsolidoj\u00eb nj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, t\u00eb koordinuar dhe gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse p\u00ebr menaxhimin e emigrant\u00ebve. N\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb saj, n\u00eb jo pak raste shtete t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta apo vet\u00eb BE-ja, \u00ebsht\u00eb munduar t\u00eb propozoj\u00eb zgjidhje kreative duke u ofruar vendeve tranzitore \u2013 q\u00eb konsiderohen si \u201cshtete porta\u201d p\u00ebr emigrant\u00ebt \u2013 shuma t\u00eb konsiderueshme mjetesh financiare n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim q\u00eb k\u00ebto t\u00eb fundit t\u2019i mbyllin rrug\u00ebt kaluese duke e penguar k\u00ebshtu dep\u00ebrtimin e emigrant\u00ebve p\u00ebr n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, n\u00eb vitin 2008, diktatori i Libis\u00eb, Muamer el Gadafi, arriti nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje me Italin\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn qeveria italiane ra dakord q\u00eb t\u2019i paguante pes\u00eb miliard\u00eb dollar\u00eb Libis\u00eb p\u00ebr ta ndaluar fluksin e afrikan\u00ebve q\u00eb, p\u00ebrmes Italis\u00eb, dep\u00ebrtonin n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. N\u00eb 2010, duke folur gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb takimi me ish-kryeministrin Italian Silvio Berluskoni, kolonel Gadafi\u00a0deklaronte<\/a>\u00a0se Evropa \u201cmund t\u00eb kthehet n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb pasi ka miliona afrikan\u00eb q\u00eb duan t\u00eb vijn\u00eb k\u00ebtu\u201d. Andaj, sipas tij, BE-ja duhet t\u2019i paguante Libis\u00eb s\u00eb paku pes\u00eb miliard\u00eb euro n\u00eb vit p\u00ebr ta penguar migrimin e paligjsh\u00ebm t\u00eb afrikan\u00ebve n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb shmangte, si\u00e7 shprehej ai, nj\u00eb \u201cEvrop\u00eb t\u00eb zez\u00eb<\/a>\u201d. Me fillimin e val\u00ebs kryengrit\u00ebse kund\u00ebr regjimeve autoritare n\u00eb bot\u00ebn arabe \u2013 e njohur si \u201cPranvera Arabe\u201d \u2013 me synimin q\u00eb t\u2019i pengonte forcat per\u00ebndimore q\u00eb t\u2019u ofronin mb\u00ebshtetje forcave rebele n\u00eb Libi, Gadafi kishte\u00a0paralajm\u00ebruar<\/a>\u00a0shtetet per\u00ebndimore duke u th\u00ebn\u00eb se ata po bombardonin \u201cmurin q\u00eb q\u00ebndron n\u00eb mes t\u00eb emigrant\u00ebve afrikan\u00eb dhe Evrop\u00ebs\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb ironike t\u00eb konstatohet, por si duket Gadafi kishte t\u00eb drejt\u00eb n\u00eb parashikimet e tij. Nj\u00eb pohim i till\u00eb, n\u00eb fakt, mb\u00ebshtetet edhe nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat statistikore. Transformimet politike n\u00eb Libi dhe n\u00eb Tunizi rezultuan me nj\u00eb rritje dometh\u00ebn\u00ebse dhe rapide t\u00eb emigrant\u00ebve q\u00eb udh\u00ebtonin nga Afrika e Veriut \u2013 n\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00ebn e rasteve p\u00ebrmes Italis\u00eb \u2013 p\u00ebr n\u00eb vendet e BE-s\u00eb. N\u00eb mesin e vitit 2011, rreth 48,000 emigrant\u00eb kishin mb\u00ebrritur n\u00eb ishullin Italian\u00a0Lampedusa<\/a>. Deri n\u00eb vitin 2014, numri kishte arritur n\u00eb 170,000. N\u00eb mesin e tyre kishte njer\u00ebz nga e gjith\u00eb Lindja e Mesme dhe Afrika Veriore, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kishin zgjedhur t\u00eb provonin fatin duke nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim t\u00eb rreziksh\u00ebm. Libia, e cila kishte p\u00ebrjetuar trazira socio-politike deri n\u00eb defunksionalizim e saj, tashm\u00eb ishte shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cshtet port\u00eb\u201d \u2013 e paaft\u00eb t\u00eb kontrollonte dep\u00ebrtimin e migrimit masiv p\u00ebr n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Duket se marr\u00ebveshje t\u00eb tilla, sado kreative q\u00eb mund t\u00eb duken, nuk kan\u00eb qen\u00eb shum\u00eb produktive dhe, n\u00eb jo pak raste, kan\u00eb pasur edhe efekt t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt. Dakordimet n\u00eb mes t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb dhe shteteve t\u00eb treta, q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si territore transitore t\u00eb kalimit t\u00eb emigrant\u00ebve, u kan\u00eb ofruar k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb fundit \u2013 sidomos n\u00eb rastet kur k\u00ebto vende dominohen nga regjime autoritare \u2013 mund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb ta p\u00ebrdorin migrimin e pakontrolluar si lev\u00eb t\u00eb shantazhit politik. T\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn taktik\u00eb kundrejt BE-s\u00eb \u2013 p\u00ebrve\u00e7 Gadafit \u2013 e kishte p\u00ebrdorur edhe presidenti turk Rexhep Erdogan. Pasi u p\u00ebrmbyt me refugjat\u00eb nga lufta civile siriane n\u00eb vitin 2015, BE-ja pranoi t\u2019i paguante qeveris\u00eb turke gjasht\u00eb miliard\u00eb euro p\u00ebr t\u2019i pritur refugjat\u00ebt dhe \u2013 \u00e7far\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr ta \u2013 p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos ua mund\u00ebsuar atyre q\u00eb t\u00eb udh\u00ebtonin m\u00eb tutje dhe eventualisht t\u00eb arrinin n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Me k\u00ebt\u00eb veprim, Bashkimi Evropian shp\u00ebrfaqi haptazi brengen dhe shqet\u00ebsimin e tij kryesor, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ia mund\u00ebsoi liderit turk ta p\u00ebrdorte k\u00ebt\u00eb frik\u00eb si k\u00ebrcenim p\u00ebr t\u2019i realizuar interesat e tij ekonomik\u00eb dhe politik\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, kur forcat ushtarake turke kishin filluar t\u00eb zhvillonin aksione militare n\u00eb Sirin\u00eb Veriore, BE-ja fillimisht kishte\u00a0reaguar<\/a>\u00a0me tone t\u00eb ashpra duke e cil\u00ebsuar k\u00ebt\u00eb ofensiv\u00eb si \u201cpushtim\u201d. Si kund\u00ebrp\u00ebrgjigje, presidenti Erdogan kishte k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar se n\u00ebse BE-ja nuk ndryshon q\u00ebndrim, ai do \u201chapte portat dhe do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgonte n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb rreth 3.6 milion\u00eb refugjat\u00eb\u201d. P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, BE-ja me eleganc\u00eb diplomatike kishte\u00a0zbutur retorik\u00ebn<\/a>\u00a0e vet dhe nga cil\u00ebsimi i veprimeve ushtarake turke si \u201cpushtim\u201d, filloi t\u2019i karakterizonte ato si \u201caksion ushtarak i nj\u00ebansh\u00ebm\u201d.<\/p>\n

Arm\u00ebt e migrimit masiv\u201d si mjet destabilizues<\/strong><\/p>\n

Q\u00ebllimi i p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb emigrant\u00ebve si arm\u00eb hibride me efekte politike \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohet mungesa e kohezionit brenda-shoq\u00ebror n\u00eb shtetet e synuara dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb stimulohet nj\u00eb lloj atomizimi social q\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00ebn e rasteve shoq\u00ebrohet me munges\u00eb konsensusi dhe stabiliteti. Studiuesja e shkencave politike, Kelli Grinhill, n\u00eb\u00a0librin<\/a>\u00a0e saj \u201cArm\u00ebt e Migrimit Masiv: Zhvendosja e Detyruar, Shtr\u00ebngimi dhe Politika e Jashtme\u201d \u2013 pas nj\u00eb analize sistematike q\u00eb nga viti 1951 e tutje \u2013 arriti t\u00eb identifikoj\u00eb s\u00eb paku 56 raste t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb ajo i quan \u201cemigrime t\u00eb inxhinieruara me forc\u00eb\u201d. Ajo, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjerash, duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna empirike dhe raste studimore, erdhi n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim se, p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, kur kjo taktik\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nga shtetet, duket se funksionon shumic\u00ebn e rasteve.\u00a0Grinhill<\/a>\u00a0nxori n\u00eb pah se shtetet q\u00eb kishin si synim t\u00eb fabrikonin me forc\u00eb emigrimin dhe ta p\u00ebrdornin at\u00eb si mjet politik, arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushnin t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn disa nga objektivat e tyre n\u00eb 73% t\u00eb rasteve dhe pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha objektivat n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjysm\u00ebn e rasteve, respektivisht n\u00eb 57% t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

Autorja\u00a0argumenton<\/a>\u00a0se suksesi i konsideruesh\u00ebm i k\u00ebsaj metode ndikimi e b\u00ebn at\u00eb t\u00eb preferueshme dhe shum\u00eb praktike p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim nga shtete t\u00eb ndryshme. S\u00eb k\u00ebndejmi, sipas saj, \u201cshtetet detyruese\u201d n\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00ebn e rasteve arrijn\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb sukses n\u00eb saje t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzimit perfid t\u00eb p\u00ebr\u00e7arjeve socio-politike brendap\u00ebrbrenda \u201cshteteve t\u00eb synuara\u201d. Kjo jep m\u00eb shum\u00eb rezultate n\u00eb vendet ku paraprakisht ekzistojn\u00eb bot\u00ebkuptime dhe q\u00ebndrime antagoniste n\u00eb mesin e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb sa u p\u00ebrket atyre q\u00eb kan\u00eb mendim afirmativ dhe dashamir\u00ebs kundrejt emigranteve dhe atyre q\u00eb jan\u00eb kund\u00ebr q\u00eb k\u00ebta t\u00eb lejohen t\u00eb hyn\u00eb n\u00eb vendin e tyre. Ndarje t\u00eb tilla b\u00ebjn\u00eb q\u00eb lider\u00ebt e \u201cshteteve t\u00eb targetuara\u201d, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i shmangin v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb shkaktohen nga emigrant\u00ebt, t\u00eb dakordohen dhe pranojn\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat e \u201cshtetit detyrues\u201d. P\u00ebr shtetet e dob\u00ebta, t\u00eb cilat nuk kan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion mjete t\u00eb shumta p\u00ebr t\u00eb ushtruar presion me synim t\u00eb realizimit t\u00eb interesave t\u00eb tyre, shfryt\u00ebzimi i q\u00ebllimsh\u00ebm i refugjat\u00ebve mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i arritur q\u00ebllimet.<\/p>\n

Mb\u00ebshtetur mbi k\u00ebto premisa teorike, mund t\u00eb konkludohet q\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb duket q\u00eb po synon ta b\u00ebj\u00eb edhe Bjellorusia. Kjo kriz\u00eb mund t\u00eb konsiderohet nj\u00eb akt i luft\u00ebs hibride, sepse Minsku po p\u00ebrdor migrimin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb strategjike p\u00ebr t\u00eb ushtruar presion mbi BE-n\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebr\u00e7arje e mospajtime brenda bllokut. Duke qen\u00eb se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me trafik njer\u00ebzor t\u00eb sponsorizuar nga shteti, synimi \u00ebsht\u00eb krijimi i nj\u00eb krize humanitare p\u00ebr t\u00eb detyruar BE-n\u00eb dhe vendet e saj an\u00ebtare t\u2019i pranojn\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat e Bjellorusis\u00eb, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht t\u2019u japin fund sanksioneve t\u00eb\u00a0tyre<\/a>. Andaj, \u00e7do l\u00ebshim ndaj Bjellorusis\u00eb mund ta inkurajoj\u00eb m\u00eb tej rritjen e partive dhe l\u00ebvizjeve t\u00eb tjera sociale q\u00eb kan\u00eb sentiment armiq\u00ebsor ndaj emigrant\u00ebve dhe k\u00ebshtu t\u00eb kontribuoj\u00eb n\u00eb thellimin e ndarjeve ekzistuese brenda BE-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi i perceptuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb val\u00eb migracioni t\u00eb pakontrolluar kishte luajtur rol ky\u00e7 n\u00eb destablizimin politik, ngritjen e ksenofobis\u00eb dhe popullizmit politik n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb edhe n\u00eb vitin 2015. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb konkludohet se gjithashtu n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, Bjellorusia n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim edhe m\u00eb Rusin\u00eb, po eksplorojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar panik dhe turbulenc\u00eb n\u00eb mesin e vendeve t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritjes t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit konfuzion socio-politik. Andaj, derisa n\u00eb Bashkimin Evropian nuk ekziston nj\u00eb politik\u00eb koherente dhe afatgjat\u00eb e migracionit, vendet autoritare q\u00eb kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb kontrollojn\u00eb rrjedhjen e emigrant\u00ebve do t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb at\u00eb si mjet k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi hibrid n\u00eb avantazhin e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb shantazhuar dhe destabilizuar vendet e tjera.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pages\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb mbylljes s\u00eb portave Bashkimi Evropian nuk ka arritur asnj\u00ebher\u00eb ta konsolidoj\u00eb nj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, t\u00eb koordinuar dhe gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse p\u00ebr menaxhimin e emigrant\u00ebve. N\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb saj, n\u00eb jo pak raste shtete t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta apo vet\u00eb BE-ja, \u00ebsht\u00eb munduar t\u00eb propozoj\u00eb zgjidhje kreative duke u ofruar vendeve tranzitore \u2013 q\u00eb konsiderohen […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":402,"featured_media":1428,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[735,672,687],"ppma_author":[688],"class_list":["post-1427","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-emigration","tag-eu","tag-foreign-policy"],"authors":[{"term_id":688,"user_id":402,"is_guest":0,"slug":"alfred-marleku","display_name":"Alfred Marleku","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_0067-min-scaled-1-e1725456797811.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_0067-min-scaled-1-e1725456797811.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Marleku","first_name":"Alfred","description":"Alfred Marleku ka p\u00ebrfunduar studimet bachelor, master dhe ato t\u00eb doktorat\u00ebs n\u00eb shkenca politike. Aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb ligj\u00ebrues n\u00eb Kolegjin \u201cUBT\u201d, Fakultetin e Shkencave Politike.\r\n\r\nP\u00ebr shum\u00eb vjet ka punuar si menaxher i projekteve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb financuara nga Komisioni Evropian, USAID-i, Ambasada Amerikane etj., t\u00eb cilat fokusohen, kryesisht, n\u00eb reformat e arsimit t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim dhe zhvillim (R&D); kthimin e trurit; zhvillimin e plan-programeve n\u00eb harmoni me nevojat e tregut etj. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb ka qen\u00eb i angazhuar edhe n\u00eb sektorin publik si k\u00ebshilltar politik n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e bashk\u00ebpunimit juridik nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1427","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/402"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1427"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1427\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1429,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1427\/revisions\/1429"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1428"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1427"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1427"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1427"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=1427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}