{"id":1464,"date":"2021-06-23T16:27:50","date_gmt":"2021-06-23T15:27:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=1464"},"modified":"2023-12-11T15:07:05","modified_gmt":"2023-12-11T14:07:05","slug":"historia-komplekse-e-marredhenieve-kosove-rusi-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/historia-komplekse-e-marredhenieve-kosove-rusi-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Historia komplekse e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve Kosov\u00eb-Rusi (II)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kozyrev, Primakov, Ivanov dhe Lavrov<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ministria e Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb Jashtme ruse rezulton nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetrat n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Ajo qe themeluar n\u00eb vitin 1802 nga nj\u00eb manifest politik i carit Aleksander I. Q\u00eb nga shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e Bashkimit Sovjetik dhe formimit t\u00eb Federat\u00ebs Ruse e deri m\u00eb tani, diplomacia ruse \u00ebsht\u00eb drejtuar nga kat\u00ebr personalitete ruse me prioritete t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme. P\u00ebrderisa, Andrey Kozyrev (1991-1996) dhe Igor Ivanov (1998-2004) akuzoheshin nga ultra nacionalist\u00ebt rus\u00eb p\u00ebr l\u00ebshime ndaj Per\u00ebndimit dhe mos pengim t\u00eb zgjerimit t\u00eb NATO-s n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb kufijve rus, Jevgeny Primakov (1996-1998) m\u00ebshironte sentimentet nacionaliste e pansllaviste, nd\u00ebrsa Sergej Lavrov, nj\u00eb diplomat i rryer nga shkolla ruse, njihet para s\u00eb gjithash p\u00ebr qasje anti NATO dhe p\u00ebr rikthim t\u00eb rolit multidimensional e global rus.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb raport me zhvillimet n\u00eb Ballkan, Kozyrev ishte nj\u00eb partizan i p\u00ebrfarimit t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb me Per\u00ebndimin. Ai madje kishte p\u00ebrkrahur ultimatumin e vitit 1994 t\u00eb K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Sigurimit t\u00eb Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara ndaj Beogradit, duke p\u00ebr\u00e7uar q\u00ebndrim unik me Per\u00ebndimin p\u00ebr Bosnj\u00ebn. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb vendim ai ishte kritikuar ashp\u00ebr nga ultra nacionalist\u00ebt rus\u00eb n\u00eb Duma, q\u00eb n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfarimit me Per\u00ebndimin, ai po tradhton mbrojtjen e interesave pan sllaviste dhe ortodokse. Gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs vlen t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet se, at\u00eb q\u00eb shtetet per\u00ebndimore prej vitesh nuk arrit\u00ebn ta b\u00ebnin me Beogradin dhe me serb\u00ebt e Bosnj\u00ebs, Kozyrev arriti q\u00eb p\u00ebrmes z\u00ebvend\u00ebsit t\u00eb tij Vitali Tschurkin, t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsoj\u00eb me serb\u00ebt e Bosnj\u00ebs (Radovan Karagjiqin dhe Ratko Mlladiqin) p\u00ebr pranimin e marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb ofruar nga nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1994.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb manov\u00ebr diplomatike ruse, Rusia p\u00ebrpos q\u00eb u rikthye n\u00eb Ballkan si fuqi politike, d\u00ebshmoi pesh\u00ebn politike dhe ndikimin historik e religjioz q\u00eb posedon tek serb\u00ebt, ndikim i cili ishte i mir\u00ebseardhur at\u00ebbot\u00eb p\u00ebr ndaljen e tragjedis\u00eb n\u00eb Bosnje. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb sukses diplomatik nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsues, Federata Ruse ia siguroi vet\u00ebs \u2013 n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb indirekte \u2013 t\u00eb b\u00ebhet pjes\u00eb e Grupit t\u00eb Kontaktit p\u00ebr Bosnj\u00ebn nga 1994. Por, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr edhe shtetet per\u00ebndimore me n\u00eb krye SHBA-t\u00eb ishin mjaft t\u00eb interesuara ta p\u00ebrfshinin Rusin\u00eb si partnere n\u00eb rendin e ri bot\u00ebror t\u00eb pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, sikurse q\u00eb ishte rasti i mb\u00ebshtetjes sovjetike kund\u00ebr invadimit t\u00eb Irakut ndaj Kuvajtit n\u00eb gusht t\u00eb vitit 1990.<\/p>\n

Lufta e Kosov\u00ebs dhe ambivalenca ruse<\/strong><\/p>\n

Me shp\u00ebrthimin e luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs u riaktivizua edhe formati i Grupit t\u00eb Kontaktit p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin grup diplomacia ruse p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsohej nga Igor\u00a0 Ivanov. Sidoqoft\u00eb, me p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimin e situat\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, q\u00ebndrimi konstruktiv i Mosk\u00ebs po b\u00ebhej m\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb dhe toni i saj ndaj Per\u00ebndimit gjithashtu ashp\u00ebrsohej. Si rezultat i spastrimit etnik dhe d\u00ebbimit t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, NATO k\u00ebrc\u00ebnoi Beogradin me veprime ushtarake. Kur NATO tregoi vendosm\u00ebrin\u00eb e saj t\u00eb fort\u00eb p\u00ebrmes manovrave ushtarake n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe n\u00eb Maqedoni, Moska kaloi n\u00eb ofensiv\u00eb diplomatike duke nd\u00ebrhyr\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e Kosov\u00ebs edhe at\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb shtet\u00ebror.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb qershor 1998 presidenti Jeltsin ftoi p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb presidentin jugosllav Millosheviq n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb, me t\u00eb cilin arriti nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje q\u00eb ndryshe njihet si \u201cMarr\u00ebveshja Jeltsin-Millosheviq\u201d. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se kjo manov\u00ebr politike u nd\u00ebrmor nga Jeltsin, nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb qet\u00ebsuar qarqet pro-sllave, ortodokse dhe nacionaliste q\u00eb vlonin n\u00eb Rusi dhe, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos l\u00ebn\u00eb sken\u00ebn gjeopolitike t\u00eb Ballkanit vet\u00ebm n\u00eb duar t\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, p\u00ebr Jeltsin \u00e7\u00ebshtja e Kosov\u00ebs ishte padyshim \u00e7\u00ebshtje e brendshme jugosllave, por me marr\u00ebveshjen e tij me Millosheviqin n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb, me t\u00eb cilin marr\u00ebveshje p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb Millosheviqi bindet, se \u00e7\u00ebshtja e Kosov\u00ebs nuk p\u00ebrb\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb vet\u00ebm \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb Beogradit. Jeltsin n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb takim thuhet se ia ka b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb Millosheviqit se ai nuk mund t\u00eb llogaris\u00eb n\u00eb ndihm\u00ebn ruse, n\u00ebse Serbia nuk e merr parasysh k\u00ebshill\u00ebn e Kremlinit. Realisht, me k\u00ebt\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje hapet edhe rruga e themelimit t\u00eb Misionit Diplomatik V\u00ebzhgues p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn (KDOM) n\u00eb vjesht\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 1998, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin mision Rusia, s\u00eb bashku me BE-n\u00eb dhe SHBA-t\u00eb, do t\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb me nj\u00eb kontingjent.<\/p>\n

Me gjith\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimin e NATO-s dhe paralajm\u00ebrimin e Jeltsinit, Millosheviqi vazhdoi rrug\u00ebn e tij, q\u00eb e njihte m\u00eb s\u00eb miri: dh\u00ebnien e urdhrit p\u00ebr vrasje, masakrime, p\u00ebrdhunime e d\u00ebbime. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb pas p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimit drastik t\u00eb situat\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, Grupi i Kontaktit hapi rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebr negociata n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb Daytoni t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht drejt Rambouilles\u00eb franceze. P\u00ebrfshirja e Rusis\u00eb n\u00eb negociatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare ishte mjaft e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr Per\u00ebndimin. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, Federata Ruse duke u konsideruar partnere e barabart\u00eb me SHBA-t\u00eb dhe BE-n\u00eb, por me q\u00ebndrime t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrta me Beogradin, u p\u00ebrfshi edhe n\u00eb procesin e bisedimeve n\u00eb Rambouillet p\u00ebrmes diplomatit Boris Majorksi.<\/p>\n

SHBA-t\u00eb tashm\u00eb kishin riangazhuar Richard Holbrooke, i cili q\u00eb nga viti 1993 kur Clinton kishte hyr\u00eb n\u00eb Sht\u00ebpi t\u00eb Bardh\u00eb b\u00ebnte thirrje p\u00ebr angazhim m\u00eb t\u00eb madh amerikan n\u00eb Ballkan. Edhe pse mendimi i tij vler\u00ebsohej n\u00eb administrat\u00ebn Clinton, ai megjithat\u00eb nuk kishte ndonj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, ngaq\u00eb nuk ishte n\u00eb rrethin e vendimmarrjes n\u00eb Washington.<\/p>\n

Si nj\u00eb njeri q\u00eb kishte nuhatur pun\u00ebt n\u00eb Jugosllavi, Holbrooke kishte arritur q\u00eb shqet\u00ebsimin e tij p\u00ebr Bosnj\u00ebn t\u2019ia transmetonte Hillary Clintonit, se \u201cBosnja do t\u00eb jet\u00eb kancer i presidenc\u00ebs Clinton\u201d. Paralajm\u00ebrimi i tij, doli t\u00eb jet\u00eb i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Me eksperienc\u00ebn e tij personale me Millosheviqin gjat\u00eb negociatave p\u00ebr Bosnj\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e tij si ambasador amerikan n\u00eb Kombet e Bashkuara, Holbrooke ishte nj\u00eb kafshat\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00eb, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr Millosheviqin, por edhe p\u00ebr diplomacin\u00eb ruse.<\/p>\n

Si rezultat i mosn\u00ebnshkrimit t\u00eb Marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb Rambouilles\u00eb nga pala serbe, dhe rrjedhimisht edhe ajo ruse, mbeti i pashmangsh\u00ebm opsioni i nd\u00ebrhyrjes s\u00eb NATO-s. Opsion i cili u cil\u00ebsua ilegal, ngaq\u00eb nuk e kishte drit\u00ebn e gjelb\u00ebr t\u00eb K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Sigurimit t\u00eb Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrhyrje, por legjitim sepse kishte p\u00ebr synim mbrojtjen e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb njer\u00ebzve nga makineria shtet\u00ebrore e Beogradit (intervenim humanitar).<\/p>\n

Lufta e Kosov\u00ebs ishte \u00e7arja m\u00eb e madhe nd\u00ebrmjet Per\u00ebndimit dhe Rusis\u00eb q\u00eb nga p\u00ebrfundimi i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr disa muaj raportet e tyre ishin n\u00eb nivelin m\u00eb t\u00eb ult\u00eb. K\u00ebt\u00eb e pohonte edhe ministri i Jasht\u00ebm rus Ivanov n\u00eb librin e tij \u201cDiplomacia e re ruse. V\u00ebshtrim dhe vizione<\/em>\u201d, sipas t\u00eb cilit veprimi ushtarak i NATO-s kund\u00ebr Jugosllavis\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsoi \u201ckriz\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare q\u00eb nga fundi i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb\u201d. Inatin me Per\u00ebndimin dhe p\u00ebr\u00e7mimin q\u00eb ia b\u00ebri NATO-ja, Rusia nuk e kishte direkt me Kosov\u00ebn, por ajo ndikonte ndaj Kosov\u00ebs. Realisht, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rezolutat e miratuara nga Kombet e Bashkuara edhe Rusia e d\u00ebnonte p\u00ebrdorimin e forc\u00ebs ndaj civil\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs nga Beogradi, sikurse q\u00eb d\u00ebnonte aksionet ushtarake t\u00eb U\u00c7K-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb nga em\u00ebrimi i tij si president, Clinton ishte i interesuar p\u00ebr mbajtjen af\u00ebr t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb. Ai i kishte ftuar Rusin\u00eb t\u2019i bashkangjitet p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb G8-t\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1997, q\u00eb ishte par\u00eb si nj\u00eb hap i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb p\u00ebrafrimin me kund\u00ebrshtarin e dikursh\u00ebm sovjetik. Clinton kishte shpenzuar shum\u00eb energji q\u00eb t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb raport personal me homologun e tij rus Jeltsin, i cili \u00e7udit\u00ebrisht dhe haptas kishte shprehur simpati gjat\u00eb zgjedhjeve presidenciale t\u00eb vitit 1992 p\u00ebr presidentin Bush.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, Jeltsin ishte nga t\u00eb par\u00ebt q\u00eb e kishte uruar Clintonin p\u00ebr fitoren e tij dhe nuk kishte hezituar q\u00eb t\u2019i k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb ndihm\u00eb atij p\u00ebr p\u00ebrkrahje p\u00ebr reformat demokratike n\u00eb Rusi dhe p\u00ebr ta nxjerrw vendin e tij nga kriza e r\u00ebnd\u00eb ekonomike q\u00eb e kishte trash\u00ebguar nga koha e Bashkimit Sovjetik. Clinton nuk kishte hezituar. Ai ishte motivuar edhe m\u00eb tutje nga ambasadori amerikan n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb, Bob Strauss, q\u00eb t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunoj\u00eb direkt me Jeltsinin dhe ta k\u00ebshilloj\u00eb politikisht. Clinton kishte shkuar aq larg, saq\u00eb kishte menduar q\u00eb vizit\u00ebn e par\u00eb si president ta b\u00ebnte n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb, por nj\u00eb vendim i till\u00eb p\u00ebr Tony Lake, k\u00ebshilltar p\u00ebr Siguri Nacionale, do t\u00eb ishte kontraproduktiv. Ashtu edhe mbeti.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u2019i bashkuar administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, Clinton kishte ftuar nj\u00eb njoh\u00ebs t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb, t\u00eb cilin n\u00eb librin e tij \u201cJeta ime<\/em>\u201d e quante \u201cnjeriun m\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar\u201d p\u00ebr Rusin\u00eb. E ai ishte Strobe Talbott, shoku i tij i studimeve nga koha e Oxfordit, i cili kishte p\u00ebrkthyer n\u00eb anglisht edhe kujtimet e Nikita Khrushchev. Talbott e kishte shoq\u00ebruar Clintonin n\u00eb 18 takimet e tij me Jeltsinin. Talbott shkruan n\u00eb librin e tij \u201cDora e Rusis\u00eb: Nj\u00eb kujtim i diplomacis\u00eb presidenciale\u201d<\/em>, se n\u00eb dy nga takimet nd\u00ebrmjet Clintonit dhe Jelstinit n\u00eb vitin 1998 (n\u00eb Birmingham n\u00eb maj dhe n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb n\u00eb shtator), Jeltsin nuk kishte interesim p\u00ebr Jugosllavin\u00eb apo Kosov\u00ebn, ngaq\u00eb ai ishte m\u00eb shum\u00eb i z\u00ebn\u00eb me problemet e tij t\u00eb brendshme n\u00eb Rusi dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtja e Kosov\u00ebs ishte nj\u00eb \u201cshp\u00ebrqendrim i bezdissh\u00ebm\u201d nga fokusi i tij. Por, disa dit\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb Ivanov ia b\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb dije Talbottit se, Jeltsin i ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb instrukstione personalisht atij, se Rusia \u201cnuk do t\u00eb toleroj\u00eb\u201d sulmet ajrore kund\u00ebr Beogradit.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb refuzim kategorik ndaj sulmeve ajrore t\u00eb NATO-s do ta shpreh Jeltsin edhe gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb bisede telefonike me Clinton m\u00eb 5 tetor 1998. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, Jeltsin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pasjellshme dhe pa p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje protokollare e kishte mbyllur lidhjen telefonike me homologun e tij amerikan. E p\u00ebrgjigja e Clinton ishte: \u201cUn\u00eb mendoj se ne kemi nj\u00eb problem real k\u00ebtu\u201d. Ashtu edhe doli.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kozyrev, Primakov, Ivanov dhe Lavrov Ministria e Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb Jashtme ruse rezulton nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetrat n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Ajo qe themeluar n\u00eb vitin 1802 nga nj\u00eb manifest politik i carit Aleksander I. Q\u00eb nga shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e Bashkimit Sovjetik dhe formimit t\u00eb Federat\u00ebs Ruse e deri m\u00eb tani, diplomacia ruse \u00ebsht\u00eb drejtuar nga kat\u00ebr personalitete […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":407,"featured_media":1442,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[687,664,643],"ppma_author":[738],"class_list":["post-1464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-foreign-policy","tag-kosovo","tag-russia"],"authors":[{"term_id":738,"user_id":407,"is_guest":0,"slug":"faruk-ajeti","display_name":"Faruk Ajeti","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/faruk-1-640x800-1.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/faruk-1-640x800-1.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Ajeti","first_name":"Faruk","description":"Dr. Faruk Ajeti \u00ebsht\u00eb bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor shkencor n\u00eb Institutin Austriak p\u00ebr Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb vitit akademik 2019\/20 ishte visiting scholar i Fondacionit Austriak t\u00eb Planit Marshall n\u00eb Institutin p\u00ebr Politik\u00eb t\u00eb Jashtme n\u00eb Universitetin Johns Hopkins n\u00eb Washington DC."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1464","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/407"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1464"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1464\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1465,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1464\/revisions\/1465"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1464"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1464"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1464"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=1464"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}