{"id":1475,"date":"2021-05-04T16:35:49","date_gmt":"2021-05-04T15:35:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=1475"},"modified":"2023-12-11T15:07:05","modified_gmt":"2023-12-11T14:07:05","slug":"politika-dhe-hapesira-politizimi-dhe-instrumentalizimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/politika-dhe-hapesira-politizimi-dhe-instrumentalizimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Politika dhe hap\u00ebsira: Politizimi dhe instrumentalizimi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Para disa dit\u00ebve, organizata e angazhuar me ruajtjen e trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb evropiane\u00a0Europa Nostra<\/em>\u00a0publikoi list\u00ebn e\u00a0Shtat\u00eb Objekteve m\u00eb t\u00eb Rrezikuara t\u00eb Trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb Kulturore<\/em>\u00a0p\u00ebr vitin 2021 (ky program ekziston nga viti 2013). Vendndodhja e k\u00ebtyre objekteve varion q\u00eb nga Austria deri n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Manastiri i De\u00e7anit, referuar n\u00eb publikim dhe video t\u00eb Europa Nostra si\u00a0De\u010dani Monastery<\/em>\u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb mesin e 7 objekteve m\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikuara. P\u00ebrshkrimi q\u00eb i vihet gjendjes s\u00eb manastirit \u00ebsht\u00eb si vijon:<\/p>\n

\u201c.(\u2026) i mbrojtur 24\/7 nga trupat e KFOR-it q\u00eb nga viti 1999 ky manastir dhe peisazhi q\u00eb e rrethon vazhdon t\u00eb jet\u00eb i rrezikuar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb raporteve t\u00eb pazgjidhura ligjore dhe institucionale nd\u00ebrmjet Kosov\u00ebs dhe Serbis\u00eb.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ndaj p\u00ebrfshirjes s\u00eb manastirit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb list\u00eb reaguan udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit e presidenc\u00ebs dhe qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Letra e d\u00ebrguar nga presidentja dhe kryeministri drejt Europa Nostr\u00ebs mori kund\u00ebrp\u00ebrgjigje nga drejtori ekzekutiv i organizat\u00ebs. Arsyetimi i organizat\u00ebs p\u00ebr vendosjen e manastirit n\u00eb list\u00eb nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebrfshinte pranin\u00eb e monumentit edhe n\u00eb List\u00ebn e UNESCO-s\u00eb si trash\u00ebgimi n\u00eb rrezik.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrpara k\u00ebtij zhvillimi, Presidenti i Serbis\u00eb Aleksandar Vu\u010di\u0107 publikoi nj\u00eb fotografi n\u00eb rrjetin social Instagram ku n\u00eb plan t\u00eb par\u00eb gjendej harta e Kosov\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb prapavij\u00eb ngjyrat e flamurit t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb. Mesazhi u kap menj\u00ebher\u00eb. Shkrimi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fotografi nxiti shqet\u00ebsim si n\u00eb opinionin publik n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb por edhe p\u00ebrtej saj.<\/p>\n

Referenca kryesore e shkrimit nd\u00ebrlidhet me historin\u00eb e prezenc\u00ebs serbe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe mitizimin e Kosov\u00ebs si djepi i serbizmit. Nocioni i st\u00ebrp\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb Serbi,\u00a0Metohija<\/em>\u00a0e nd\u00ebrthur diskursin e t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs s\u00eb Serbis\u00eb mbi Kosov\u00ebn, duke pasur si referenc\u00eb trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb kishtare\u00a0\u201cserbe\u201d<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e Kosov\u00ebs. Jo vet\u00ebm teorikisht, por edhe n\u00eb praktik\u00eb ka ngjar\u00eb q\u00eb instrumentalizimi i besimit p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime politike t\u00eb jet\u00eb me leverdi p\u00ebr politik\u00ebn serbe.<\/p>\n

Monumentet e kultit ortodoks n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb List\u00ebn e Trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore por nga viti 2006 t\u00eb njejtat jan\u00eb \u00a0vendosur n\u00eb List\u00ebn e Trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore n\u00eb Rrezik. Grupi i k\u00ebtyre monumenteve njihet si\u00a0Monumentet Mesjetare n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0dhe sipas q\u00ebndrimit t\u00eb organizat\u00ebs, vendndodhja e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb Serbia nd\u00ebrsa nocioni i Kosov\u00ebs sh\u00ebrben vet\u00ebm per t\u2019iu referuar si em\u00ebrtim monumenteve. N\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimin e k\u00ebtyre monumenteve ndodhet Flamuri i Serbis\u00eb dhe n\u00ebn t\u00eb sh\u00ebnohet \u201cProvinca<\/em>\u00a0Autonome<\/em>\u00a0e<\/em>\u00a0Kosov\u00ebs<\/em>\u201d. Rrjedhimisht, sipas q\u00ebndrimit t\u00eb organizat\u00ebs, i bie q\u00eb p\u00ebrpos etnizimit t\u00eb objekteve si \u201cserbe\u201d edhe etniteti politik i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb Serbia dhe jo Kosova.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb ligjerat\u00eb t\u00eb mbajtur me studiues t\u00eb Politik\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebrare para rreth 4 vitesh, nj\u00eb diplomat i karrier\u00ebs (me komb\u00ebsi greke) ligj\u00ebroi n\u00eb Fakultetin Filozofik n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb rreth politik\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, me theks kryesisht mbi \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebr tu an\u00ebtar\u00ebsuar n\u00eb UNESCO. I nj\u00ebjti, e vendosi si kryeshkak t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit nj\u00eb dokumentacion t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiluar nga pala serbe, dokumentacion i cili kishte arritur n\u00eb duart e president\u00ebve e monark\u00ebve t\u00eb shteteve evropiane nj\u00eb jav\u00eb p\u00ebrpara votimit. Dokumentacioni p\u00ebrmbante material e pamje nga ngjarjet e marsit 2004, t\u00eb njohur si\u00a0trazirat e marsit<\/em>\u00a0ku epiqend\u00ebr ishte shkat\u00ebrrimi i objekteve kishtare\u00a0\u201cserbe\u201d<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Ky element ose shkak i d\u00ebshtimit as q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur ose sqaruar nga personat p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs n\u00eb procesin e aplikimit p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebsim n\u00eb UNESCO, sidomos, n\u00ebse shkaku kryesor ka qen\u00eb aspekti i mosruajtjes e mosrespektimit t\u00eb monumneteve t\u00eb kultit ortodoks, nga t\u00eb cilat ka pasur monumente q\u00eb jan\u00eb ngritur mbi rr\u00ebnojat e kishave katolike, t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara n\u00eb periudha m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme historike, si\u00e7 d\u00ebshmon historiani Jusuf Buxhovi n\u00eb studimet e tij.<\/p>\n

Neglizhenca dhe mosveprimi me mjete, kanale e burime t\u00eb duhura politike e diplomatike kan\u00eb rezultuar n\u00eb d\u00ebshtim p\u00ebr tu an\u00ebtar\u00ebsuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb organizat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Hap\u00ebsira dhe politika: Referenca teorike<\/strong><\/p>\n

A \u00ebsht\u00eb hap\u00ebsira e lidhur me politik\u00ebn; a \u00ebsht\u00eb hap\u00ebsira politike dhe ku q\u00ebndron nd\u00ebrlidhja e tyre?<\/p>\n

Filozofi dhe sociologu francez Henry Lefebvre e p\u00ebrcakton hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn shoq\u00ebrore si produkt shoq\u00ebror. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, i bie se hap\u00ebsirave t\u00eb caktuara iu mveshet kuptimi nga nd\u00ebrveprimi e bot\u00ebkuptimi shoq\u00ebror. Sipas Lefebvre, \u201chap\u00ebsira \u00ebsht\u00eb qart\u00ebsisht politike,\u00a0 duke qen\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht edhe nj\u00eb produkt politik dhe nj\u00eb interes politik\u201d.<\/p>\n

Profesori i antropologjis\u00eb Goran Janev, i qaset analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs duke p\u00ebrdorur nocionin e hap\u00ebsirave treguese\/rr\u00ebfyese p\u00ebr ta shpjeguar veprimin shoq\u00ebror n\u00eb fush\u00ebn politike. K\u00ebshtu, Janev e analizon arkitektur\u00ebn dhe hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn n\u00eb Qytetin e Shkupit p\u00ebr t\u2019i analizuar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet jo fort t\u00eb k\u00ebndshme nd\u00ebrmjet dy kulturave kryesore n\u00eb Maqedoni. Nj\u00eb qytet, por me pjes\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme arkitekturore e status zhvillimi, var\u00ebsisht se cila kultur\u00eb zhvillon raportet shoq\u00ebrore e politike n\u00eb at\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb. Lumi i Vardarit \u201cndan\u201d dy grupet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha etnike kulturalisht, pasi maqedonasit etnik\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb jet\u00ebn shoq\u00ebrore e kulturore n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb t\u00eb lumit (hap\u00ebsir\u00eb me arkitektur\u00eb, rregullim dhe zhvillim m\u00eb t\u00eb madh; pjesa qendrore e qytetit) nd\u00ebrsa shqiptar\u00ebt n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb lumit, e dallueshme si p\u00ebr nga zhvillimi ashtu edhe nga aspektet kulturore (qendra e vjet\u00ebr e qytetit e trash\u00ebguar nga periudha osmane; \u00e7arshija dhe vendndodhja e objekteve t\u00eb kultit islam).<\/p>\n

Jo shum\u00eb ndryshe, edhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb ndiqet sistemi i ngjash\u00ebm. Anipse deri diku ka nd\u00ebrveprim, grupet shoq\u00ebrore t\u00eb ndryshme kulturalisht zhvillojn\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tyre af\u00ebr hap\u00ebsirave ku jeton e vepron grupi i tyre kulturor.<\/p>\n

Procesi i decentralizimit e ka sforcuar tutje k\u00ebt\u00eb fakt. N\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb tij, bashk\u00ebsi t\u00eb vogla territoriale, t\u00eb tipit qytez\u00eb ose edhe fshat\u00ebra, kan\u00eb marr\u00eb statusin e komun\u00ebs, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimit m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb grupit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb etnik\/kulturor n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Jo rrall\u00ebher\u00eb, ka pasur probleme me k\u00ebto komuna, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs dhe mospranimit t\u00eb pushtetit t\u00eb institucioneve shtet\u00ebrore. Kjo ka b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb hap\u00ebsirat ku jeton ky komunitet t\u00eb ngjasojn\u00eb me enklava.<\/p>\n

Instrumentalizimi i hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb jan\u00eb objektet t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, p\u00ebrpos se nj\u00eb material fizik, kuptimin e s\u00eb cilave e vendosin bot\u00ebkuptimet vlerore e shpirt\u00ebrore t\u00eb individ\u00ebve ose grupeve shoq\u00ebrore!?<\/p>\n

T\u00eb konsiderosh q\u00eb \u00e7do kish\u00eb ortodokse n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb serbe, se \u00e7do kish\u00eb katolike n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb romane, respektivisht italiane dhe se \u00e7do xhami \u00ebsht\u00eb turke \u00ebsht\u00eb etnomonopolizim i besimit dhe instrumentalizim politik i tij. Ky k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim ngjan p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mar\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve ende t\u00eb paqarta dhe mospajtuese t\u00eb t\u00eb dy vendeve mbi shum\u00eb elemente: papajtueshm\u00ebrit\u00eb dhe zhvillimet historike, mitizimi, \u00e7\u00ebshtja e shk\u00ebputjes s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs nga Serbia dhe lufta e armatosur, mospranimi i realitetit t\u00eb ri, \u00e7\u00ebshtja e kufinjve, p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr delegjitimim nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar t\u00eb shtet\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs nga Serbia e t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrvoja historike dhe bot\u00ebkuptimet fetare jan\u00eb dy elemente t\u00eb ndara, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn q\u00eb nga viti 1789 kur u b\u00eb ndarja e shtetit nga feja. I bie se me k\u00ebt\u00eb logjik\u00eb, kjo ide \u00ebsht\u00eb prapa mbi dy shekuj. Sipas k\u00ebsaj logjike, objektet e kultit islam n\u00eb Andaluzi i takojn\u00eb Arabis\u00eb, se kishat romane n\u00eb Kroaci i takojn\u00eb Italis\u00eb dhe se sinagogat n\u00eb Bohemi i takojn\u00eb Izraelit, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

Monumentet ortodokse jan\u00eb pasuri historike e kulturore e Kosov\u00ebs, sikund\u00ebr q\u00eb jan\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm edhe monumentet katolike, myslimane e hebreje. Ngjash\u00ebm, t\u00eb njejtat mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikuara, si nga proceset natyrore ashtu edhe nga veprimi i individ\u00ebve. Monumentet ortodokse as nuk jan\u00eb dhe as nuk duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb epiqend\u00ebr e diskutimeve pasiq\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb njejt\u00ebn vler\u00eb sikurse objektet e kulteve t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

Pushtimet, bashkangjitjet e shteteve n\u00eb nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb t\u00eb vetme shtet\u00ebrore, ndarja e perandorive ose federatave e procese t\u00eb ngjashme kan\u00eb ndikuar n\u00eb krijimin e multikulturalizmit n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri e shtete dhe mosekzistimin e nj\u00eb kultur\u00eb t\u00eb vetme n\u00eb hap\u00ebsirat e shteteve.<\/p>\n

Si rrjedhoj\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj, objektet e kultit jan\u00eb brum shpirt\u00ebror i besimtar\u00ebve t\u00eb nj\u00eb besimi t\u00eb caktuar dhe jo mjet manipulimi i shteteve apo kulturave mbizot\u00ebruese n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vend t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet jo shum\u00eb t\u00eb qarta dhe c\u00ebshtjet e pazgjidhura p\u00ebr dekada t\u00eb t\u00ebra nd\u00ebrmjet Kosov\u00ebs dhe Serbis\u00eb kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb instrumentalizohet e politizohet madje edhe me vlera shpirt\u00ebrore, p\u00ebrpos atyre historike e kulturore.<\/p>\n

Si rezultat i k\u00ebsaj, Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrballur me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb fush\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare edhe p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb portretizimit negativ n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e ruajtjes s\u00eb pasuris\u00eb e vlerave monumentale ortodokse n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, si\u00e7 u trajtua edhe m\u00eb par\u00eb. Duke qen\u00eb se shumica e popullsis\u00eb i takon besimit islam, instrumentalizimi nga ana e udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsve n\u00eb Serbi ka ndodhur m\u00eb lirsh\u00ebm, duke shfryt\u00ebzuar si argument besimet e ndryshme nd\u00ebrmjet dy grupeve: shqiptar\u00ebve e serb\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Ideja e p\u00ebrfitimit politik dhe instrumentalizimit t\u00eb besimit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet i panevojsh\u00ebm dhe i d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb demokratike dhe tolerante ndaj shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Kjo ndikon jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb harmonin\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet grupeve t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri po edhe d\u00ebmton figur\u00ebn e shtetit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e jashtme, pasi jipet mesazhi q\u00eb Kosova nuk ka respekt dhe kujdes p\u00ebr objektet e kultit t\u00eb ndodhura n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e saj.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, institucionet politike dhe kulturore t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb n\u00ebn p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi k\u00ebt\u00eb dimension, duhet p\u00ebrq\u00ebndruar v\u00ebmendjen dhe angazhimin q\u00eb mos t\u00eb gjinden p\u00ebrpara shantazheve, politizimeve e portretizimeve n\u00eb lidhje me k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Para disa dit\u00ebve, organizata e angazhuar me ruajtjen e trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb evropiane\u00a0Europa Nostra\u00a0publikoi list\u00ebn e\u00a0Shtat\u00eb Objekteve m\u00eb t\u00eb Rrezikuara t\u00eb Trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb Kulturore\u00a0p\u00ebr vitin 2021 (ky program ekziston nga viti 2013). Vendndodhja e k\u00ebtyre objekteve varion q\u00eb nga Austria deri n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Manastiri i De\u00e7anit, referuar n\u00eb publikim dhe video t\u00eb Europa Nostra si\u00a0De\u010dani Monastery\u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb mesin […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":253,"featured_media":1478,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[746,548,703],"ppma_author":[745],"class_list":["post-1475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-politics","tag-religion"],"authors":[{"term_id":745,"user_id":253,"is_guest":0,"slug":"donika-hamiti","display_name":"Donika Hamiti","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/1597148511084.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/1597148511084.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Hamiti","first_name":"Donika","description":"Donika Hamiti studimet bazike dhe Master i ka realizuar n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs, Fakulteti Filozofik (Departamenti i Shkenc\u00ebs Politike) dhe studimet Master i ka p\u00ebrfunduar n\u00eb Programin Politik\u00eb Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Donika \u00ebsht\u00eb e angazhuar n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e edukimit joformal, duke sh\u00ebrbyer si Zyrtare p\u00ebr Informim dhe pastaj si Koordinatore e Programeve dhe Trajnimeve n\u00eb nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb joqeveritare n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/253"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1475"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1475\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1477,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1475\/revisions\/1477"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1475"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=1475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}