{"id":2508,"date":"2021-06-18T10:51:36","date_gmt":"2021-06-18T08:51:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=2508"},"modified":"2024-10-16T10:54:23","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T08:54:23","slug":"te-huajt-i-versulen-murit-kinez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/te-huajt-i-versulen-murit-kinez\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00eb huajt i v\u00ebrsulen Murit Kinez"},"content":{"rendered":"

Globalizimi duhej t\u00eb kishte ndryshuar Kin\u00ebn. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, Kina po ndryshon globalizmin<\/em>.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit t\u00eb kaluar, kur pandemia gati sa e solli Kin\u00ebn n\u00eb ngecje p\u00ebr disa jav\u00eb, korporatat shum\u00ebkomb\u00ebtare pan\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb globalizimit: t\u00eb till\u00eb pa ekonomin\u00eb dinamike kineze n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb tij. Pasoi paniku.<\/p>\n

Bizneset e huaja treguan se si jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb varura nga Kina, si vendi m\u00ebi leht\u00eb dhe m\u00eb i mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar dhe shitur artikujt e tyre, si p\u00ebr eksport ashtu edhe p\u00ebr tregjet vendore. Virusi i ri q\u00eb erdhi gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb lufte tregtare me Amerik\u00ebn, u prit si shok i dobish\u00ebm q\u00eb do t\u00eb nxiste ndryshime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Firmat e huaja u zotuan q\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb zinxhir\u00eb furnizimi m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm duke zgjeruar llojshm\u00ebrin\u00eb n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb theksuan se do t\u00eb mbanin prodhimtarin\u00eb \u201cn\u00eb Kin\u00eb, p\u00ebr Kin\u00ebn\u201d, q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushnin k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn kineze at\u00ebher\u00eb kur ajo t\u00eb kthehej.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb pas, disponimi \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i ndrysh\u00ebm. Gati 600 firma iu p\u00ebrgjigjen sondazhit t\u00eb p\u00ebrvitsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr besueshm\u00ebrin\u00ebe biznesit t\u00eb realizuar nga Oda Tregtare e Bashkimit Europian n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, i cili u botua m\u00eb 8 qershor. Ata p\u00ebrshkruan rritjen e optimizmit p\u00ebr Kin\u00ebn, me rritjen ekonomike q\u00eb rinisi shum\u00eb m\u00eb shpejt se q\u00eb ishte pritur. Tre t\u00eb kat\u00ebrtat e firmave europiane than\u00eb se kishin pasur profit n\u00eb Kin\u00eb m\u00eb 2020, duke u mund\u00ebsuar q\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrgonin t\u00eb ardhurat tek selit\u00eb qendrore t\u00eb cilat kishin pasur rezultate t\u00eb mjera n\u00eb vendet tjera.<\/p>\n

Optimizmi dallon sipas industris\u00eb. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, prodhuesit e veturave dhe t\u00eb t\u00eb mirave luksoze pat\u00ebn shitje t\u00eb majme, meq\u00eb pasanik\u00ebt kinez\u00eb, duke qen\u00eb se u ishin ndaluar pushimet jasht\u00eb vendit p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb, shpenzuan para duke b\u00ebr\u00eb shopping. Gati 91% e firmave than\u00eb se do t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb investimet e tyre n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, n\u00eb vend se t\u2019i zhvendosin ato diku tjet\u00ebr. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb e kat\u00ebrta e prodhuesve jan\u00eb duke i sjell\u00eb zinxhir\u00ebt e tyre t\u00eb furnizimit n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, pes\u00eb her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se sa ata q\u00eb po i d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb ato n\u00eb vende pa taks\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr habi t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat firma mbesin po aq skeptike sa m\u00eb par\u00eb se Kina do t\u00eb hap\u00eb tregjet ose do t\u00eb zbatoj\u00eb rregullore n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr vendasit dhe firmat e huaja. E nj\u00ebjta pjes\u00eb si \u00e7do her\u00eb, nj\u00eb e gjashta, tregojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb t\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb transferojn\u00eb teknologjit\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb qasjen n\u00eb treg. Dy t\u00eb pestat thon\u00eb se ambienti i biznesit n\u00eb Kin\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i politizuar se m\u00eb par\u00eb. Ajo pjes\u00eb do t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb po t\u00eb b\u00ebhej sondazhi pas sanksioneve t\u00eb fundit kineze ndaj politikan\u00ebve europian\u00eb dhe nxitjes s\u00eb bojkotit nga mediat shtet\u00ebrore kund\u00ebr H&M dhe markave t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb veshmbathjeve, si p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj kritik\u00ebs europiane p\u00ebr abuzimet n\u00eb rajonin per\u00ebndimor t\u00eb Xinjiangut.<\/p>\n

Firmat europiane raportojn\u00eb p\u00ebr humbje t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive biznesore p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ligjeve t\u00eb cilat k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb q\u00eb teknologjit\u00eb e ndjeshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb Kin\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb siguruara dhe t\u00eb kontrolluara nga autoritetet kineze. Ato ligje mb\u00ebshteten nga rregullat q\u00eb ndalojn\u00eb shum\u00eb transfere t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebrtej kufijve t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs. Kjo po i detyron firmat shum\u00ebkomb\u00ebtare q\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb baza t\u00eb dublifikuara t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, sh\u00ebrbime \u2018cloud\u2019 dhe sisteme softuerike vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr Kin\u00ebn dhe q\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsojn\u00eb ekipe k\u00ebrkimi dhe zhvillimi t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht kineze. Presidenti i Od\u00ebs s\u00eb BE-s\u00eb, Joerg Wuttke thot\u00eb se firmat duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb operacion p\u00ebr Kin\u00ebn dhe tjetrin p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb bot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb zyrtar cinik kinez mund t\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebgjoj\u00eb k\u00ebta biznesmen\u00eb t\u00eb gj\u00ebmojn\u00eb se sa v\u00ebshtir\u00eb e kan\u00eb n\u00eb Kin\u00eb dhe t\u00eb pyes veten se pse sakt\u00ebsisht Kina duhet t\u00eb pajtohet me thirrjet e t\u00eb huajve p\u00ebr reforma, kur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit njer\u00ebz kthehen dhe b\u00ebjn\u00eb investime t\u00eb reja. Nj\u00eb zyrtar i till\u00eb mundet madje t\u00eb v\u00ebrej\u00eb q\u00eb disa biznese t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme europiane po i p\u00ebrgjigjen kontrollit amerikan t\u00eb eksportit mbi teknologjit\u00eb e ndjeshme duke zhvendosur fabrikat jasht\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb nevojat e konsumator\u00ebve kinez\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Privatisht, shefat europian\u00eb e pranojn\u00eb se kan\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb pak mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrpjekur q\u00eb t\u00eb bindin Kin\u00ebn se hapja e tregut \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb interesin e vendit. Disa po priren q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin shkopa kund\u00ebr bizneseve kineze n\u00eb Europ\u00eb, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb mekanizmat p\u00ebr mbik\u00ebqyrjen e investimeve apo rregullat q\u00eb do t\u00eb mbivendosin kosto t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr projektet q\u00eb emitojn\u00eb karbon, apo firmat q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb subvencionuara fuqish\u00ebm prej shtetit kinez.<\/p>\n

Kina e udh\u00ebhequr nga Xi Jinping \u00ebsht\u00eb selektive n\u00eb mir\u00ebpritjen e firmave t\u00eb huaja. Ato m\u00eb t\u00eb favorizuarat shesin gj\u00ebra t\u00eb cilat Kina nuk mund t\u2019i prodhoj\u00eb vet\u00eb, sikurse kimikatet e teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe makineria industriale dhe ku prania e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve t\u00ebrheq furnizues specialist\u00eb. Firmat e tilla g\u00ebzojn\u00eb trajtim t\u00eb posa\u00e7\u00ebm: atyre u lejohet q\u00eb t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb filiale kineze t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht n\u00eb pron\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre, duke i ndihmuar q\u00eb t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb sekretet tregtare, si dhe gjithashtu kursehen prej burokracis\u00eb me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ballafaqohen rival\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl. Nj\u00eb rang m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt i firmave t\u00eb huaja prodhon gj\u00ebra q\u00eb u p\u00eblqejn\u00eb konsumator\u00ebve kinez\u00eb, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb veturat e shtrenjta europiane.<\/p>\n

Shteti toleron pranin\u00eb e tyre, p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb q\u00eb ato mjete prodhohen n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrdorur pun\u00ebtor\u00eb e komponent\u00eb kinez\u00eb dhe duke paguar taksat vendore. Kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb profitabile: disa firma shum\u00ebkomb\u00ebtare fitojn\u00eb gati gjysm\u00ebn e t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb Kin\u00eb. Kjo ngjan p\u00ebr shkak se operojn\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrbrenda murit kinez. Si treg, Kina nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr eksportet per\u00ebndimore: BE-ja shet m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb Britani se sa n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull.<\/p>\n

Po b\u00ebhet m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrgosh staf t\u00eb huaj n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb. Lokalizimi i shum\u00eb vendpunimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb ide e mir\u00eb: t\u00eb huajt mediok\u00ebr kan\u00eb g\u00ebzuar privilegje t\u00eb pamerituara p\u00ebr shum\u00eb koh\u00eb, por n\u00eb nj\u00eb Kin\u00eb t\u00eb zhytur n\u00eb nacionaliz\u00ebm t\u00eb zem\u00ebruar, lokalizimi bart gjithashtu rreziqe. Disa udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs kinez\u00eb biznesesh mbajn\u00eb an\u00ebn e qeveris\u00eb p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr ngecjes s\u00eb reformave, ose \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve politike si shtypja n\u00eb Hong Kong dhe Xinjiang. Disa kan\u00eb vesh t\u00eb shurdh\u00ebr p\u00ebr politik\u00ebn n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim.<\/p>\n

Vendosja e kombit n\u00eb shum\u00ebkomb\u00ebsi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bordet n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim shqet\u00ebsoheshin p\u00ebr gj\u00ebrat si studimet e fizibilitetit t\u00eb tregut. Tash ato duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrballen me nj\u00eb pyetje t\u00eb re filozofike: a duan v\u00ebrtet firmat e tyre t\u00eb operojn\u00eb n\u00eb Kin\u00eb si biznese kineze, duke pun\u00ebsuar gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb pak t\u00eb huaj, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjeneruar t\u00eb ardhura q\u00eb ndahen me aksionar\u00ebt global\u00eb? N\u00ebse organizatat e tilla k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb ndihm\u00eb nga qeverit\u00eb e tyre n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim, a do ta pranojn\u00eb at\u00eb ndihm\u00eb? Udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit me p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb flasin p\u00ebr zgjedhje t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira. \u201cKa t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me peshimin e rreziqeve,\u201d thot\u00eb nj\u00ebri. \u201cRreziqet e t\u00eb mos qenit k\u00ebtu, me rreziqet e t\u00eb qenit k\u00ebtu.\u201d Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, opinioni publik n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim po b\u00ebhet m\u00eb armiq\u00ebsor ndaj Kin\u00ebs, e cila shihet si diktatur\u00eb e zymt\u00eb. Me sa shihet, shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebria nuk ka sens ekonomik. Megjithat\u00eb, bota po ndahet. Ai shok do t\u00eb ket\u00eb efekte afatgjate.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Artikulli origjinal n\u00eb\u00a0The Economist<\/a>, m\u00eb 10 Qershor 2021.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

\"Image\"<\/div>\n

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Ky artikull\u00a0mb\u00ebshtetet nga “Sbunker” p\u00ebrmes projektit t\u00eb financuar nga Ambasada Amerikane. Mendimet e shprehura k\u00ebtu jan\u00eb t\u00eb autorit\u00a0dhe jo medoemos pasqyrojn\u00eb q\u00ebndrimet e Departamentit t\u00eb Shtetit.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Globalizimi duhej t\u00eb kishte ndryshuar Kin\u00ebn. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, Kina po ndryshon globalizmin. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit t\u00eb kaluar, kur pandemia gati sa e solli Kin\u00ebn n\u00eb ngecje p\u00ebr disa jav\u00eb, korporatat shum\u00ebkomb\u00ebtare pan\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb globalizimit: t\u00eb till\u00eb pa ekonomin\u00eb dinamike kineze n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb tij. Pasoi paniku. Bizneset e huaja […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":490,"featured_media":8343,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1297],"ppma_author":[1311],"class_list":["post-2508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-dragoi-i-zgjuar"],"authors":[{"term_id":1311,"user_id":490,"is_guest":0,"slug":"the-economist","display_name":"The Economist","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/291dfc1ba0656c52b0678303278a9c43f1d5025bd12da6c36aaec7dd5b5deea9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"Economist","first_name":"The","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2508","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/490"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2508"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2508\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2509,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2508\/revisions\/2509"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2508"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2508"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2508"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2508"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}