{"id":2696,"date":"2020-06-24T14:44:11","date_gmt":"2020-06-24T12:44:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=2696"},"modified":"2024-09-16T14:45:57","modified_gmt":"2024-09-16T12:45:57","slug":"pengesat-per-ndergjegjesimin-rreth-kapitalit-gerryes-ne-ballkanin-perendimor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/pengesat-per-ndergjegjesimin-rreth-kapitalit-gerryes-ne-ballkanin-perendimor\/","title":{"rendered":"Pengesat p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsimin rreth Kapitalit G\u00ebrryes n\u00eb Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Gjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb fundit jan\u00eb botuar nj\u00eb v\u00ebrshim studimesh t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruara n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb kapitalit g\u00ebrryes n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. Vet\u00eb kjo shprehje \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nga Qendra p\u00ebr Nd\u00ebrmarrje Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare Private (CIPE) dhe q\u00ebllimi i saj \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cta etiketoj\u00eb m\u00eb drejt financimin q\u00eb i mungon transparenca, llogaridh\u00ebnia, dhe orientimin i tregut q\u00eb rrjedh nga regjimet autoritare drejt demokracive t\u00eb reja e tranzicionale (&#8230;) gj\u00eb q\u00eb i avancon q\u00ebllimet politike t\u00eb huaja autoritare n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb institucioneve lokale dhe\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cipe.org\/resources\/channeling-the-tide-protecting-democracies-amid-a-flood-of-corrosive-capital\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">t\u00eb interesave gjeopolitike per\u00ebndimore\u201d<\/a>. Dhe kjo \u00e7\u00ebshtje \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet sfiduese. P\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se tri dekada, vendet n\u00eb tranzicion orvaten zyrtarisht q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhen pjes\u00eb e sfer\u00ebs Per\u00ebndimore, ose p\u00ebrmes proceseve n\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimit n\u00eb BE dhe\/ose n\u00eb NATO, ose duke lidhur partnershipe t\u00eb thella dhe gjithp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse me to dhe\/ose me shtetet e tyre an\u00ebtare. P\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtyre proceseve dhe bashk\u00ebpunimeve, vendet n\u00eb tranzicion zakonisht obligohen t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrin reforma q\u00eb synojn\u00eb forcimin e demokracis\u00eb, t\u00eb sundimit t\u00eb ligjit, t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb tregut, t\u00eb lirive civile dhe t\u00eb medias, etj. Sidoqoft\u00eb, tranzicioni nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb proces i thjesht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shum\u00eb sfidave, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ato politike, dhe kapitali g\u00ebrryes pa dyshim p\u00ebrb\u00ebn sfid\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb meq\u00eb mund t\u2019i shfryt\u00ebzoj\u00eb dob\u00ebsit\u00eb. Regjimet joliberale dhe autokratike q\u00eb zakonisht i mbajn\u00eb t\u00eb kapura ose i ndikojn\u00eb ekonomit\u00eb dhe nd\u00ebrmarrjet (edhe pse n\u00eb disa raste jan\u00eb private) e tyre, p\u00ebrdorin investimet, huat\u00eb dhe bashk\u00ebpunimin ekonomik p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitime politike dhe p\u00ebr ndikim afatgjat\u00eb e leverazh n\u00eb vendet q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb tranzicion, nganj\u00ebher\u00eb duke ky\u00e7ur sektor\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb ekonomive t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n<p>Ndon\u00ebse studimet q\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohen n\u00eb kapitalin g\u00ebrryes b\u00ebhen m\u00eb t\u00eb popullarizuara dita-dit\u00ebs, problemi kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb komunikimi i gjetjeve n\u00eb Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor, nj\u00eb rajon i p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb prej vendesh n\u00eb tranzicion. Mesazhet e p\u00ebrshtatura p\u00ebr rreziqet dhe grackat e kapitalit g\u00ebrryes p\u00ebr qeverisjen dhe demokracin\u00eb jan\u00eb shpeshher\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira t\u00eb komunikohen p\u00ebr pushtetar\u00ebt, por edhe p\u00ebr publikun e gjer\u00eb, sidomos n\u00ebse pushtetar\u00ebt nuk kan\u00eb interes p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Me shtimin e regjimeve joliberale n\u00eb rajon (dhe p\u00ebrreth tij), situata b\u00ebhet edhe m\u00eb e keqe, por kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se p\u00ebrpjekjet duhet t\u00eb ndalohen. P\u00ebrkundrazi. Por, p\u00ebrhapja efi\u00e7iente k\u00ebrkon nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsim dhe gatishm\u00ebri p\u00ebr t\u00eb pranuar informata. K\u00ebshtu, q\u00ebllimi i k\u00ebtij shkrimi \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u2019i theksoj\u00eb dy pengesa sistemore p\u00ebr p\u00ebrhapjen e gjetjeve.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrve\u00e7 Serbis\u00eb, rajoni \u00ebsht\u00eb pak a shum\u00eb i privuar nga investimet e drejtp\u00ebrdrejta t\u00eb huaja, nd\u00ebrsa investimet e brendshme jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb vogla gjithandej. Duke k\u00ebrkuar investime t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta nga jasht\u00eb, qeverit\u00eb shpesh e n\u00ebp\u00ebrk\u00ebmbin r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e kapitalit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm, nuk e mb\u00ebshtesin sistemin ligjor t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm dhe ekonomin\u00eb e tregut dhe n\u00eb fund, zakonisht bashk\u00ebpunojn\u00eb me manjat\u00eb vendor\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin sistemin p\u00ebr ta rritur pasurin\u00eb e tyre. Kjo krijon nj\u00eb kombinim fatal, ku pushtetar\u00ebt thon\u00eb se investimet e drejtp\u00ebrdrejta t\u00eb huaja (IDH) jan\u00eb metoda e vetme e zhvillimt, shpesh duke joshur kapitalin e huaj me subvencione dhe sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb llojeve t\u00eb ndryshme, n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb kontrolleve dhe ekuilibrave t\u00eb brendshme dhe t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb investimeve t\u00eb brendshme. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, IDH-t\u00eb jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb \u201clop\u00eb e shenjt\u00eb\u201d e strategjive zhvillimore. Kriza globale ekonomike e vitit 2008 vet\u00ebm e ka m\u00ebkequr situat\u00ebn dhe ka rijuar shtytjen p\u00ebr t\u00eb joshur investime me \u00e7do kusht. K\u00ebshtu, investimet q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga regjimet autoritare dhe joliberale ishin m\u00eb se t\u00eb pranueshme. N\u00eb disa vende, ato madje u lart\u00ebsuan nga qeverit\u00eb dhe u paraqit\u00ebn si mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha ekonomike, pavar\u00ebsisht nga efektet negative q\u00eb sillnin me vete.<\/p>\n<p>Por \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje tjet\u00ebr e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Investimet q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga Per\u00ebndimi po ashtu nuk jan\u00eb imune ndaj p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb opcioneve t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb ua ofrojn\u00eb qeverit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur kushte m\u00eb t\u00eb favorshme p\u00ebr investimet dhe b\u00ebrjen e biznesit n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen. Dhe k\u00ebto opcione shpeshher\u00eb kan\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptuar shmangien nga kontrollet dhe ekuilibrat e brendshme. Kjo situat\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e re. P\u00ebr shembull, konsecioni p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e autostrad\u00ebs q\u00eb ka marr\u00eb konsorciumi\u00a0<em>Alpina-Porr\u00a0<\/em>nga Austria n\u00eb Serbi n\u00eb vitin 2007<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0mori nam t\u00eb keq p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ngurrimit t\u00eb Ministrit t\u00eb Investimeve Kapitale (i infrastruktur\u00ebs dhe transportit) Velimir Iliq p\u00ebr t\u00eb publikuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen e plot\u00eb e kontrat\u00ebs<sup>4<\/sup>. Pas trysnis\u00eb publike, koncesioni u anulua dhe Serbia p\u00ebrfundoi para gjykat\u00ebs s\u00eb arbitrazhit. Nj\u00eb rast tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb Serbi \u00ebsht\u00eb investimi i vitit 2008 nga\u00a0<em>Fiati<\/em>\u00a0p\u00ebr prodhuesin e st\u00ebrd\u00ebmtuar t\u00eb automjeteve n\u00eb Serbi\u00a0<em>Zastava<\/em>. Deri m\u00eb sot, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe q\u00eb ka b\u00ebr\u00eb ky biznes italian nuk dihet p\u00ebr publikun p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb sekretit biznesor<sup>5<\/sup>. N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, nd\u00ebrtimi i \u201cRrug\u00ebs s\u00eb Kombit\u201d nga Prishtina deri n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, i cili u implementua nga konsorciumi\u00a0<em>Bechtel-Enka<\/em>, u p\u00ebrcoll me shpenzime t\u00eb fryra t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit, sidomos n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, ku \u00e7mimi p\u00ebr kilomet\u00ebr gati u dyfishua nga ai q\u00eb u parapa n\u00eb fillim.<sup>6<\/sup>\u00a0Ambasadori i ShBA-s\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb Kristofer Dell, i cili ishte thelb\u00ebsor p\u00ebr sigurimin e marr\u00ebveshjes p\u00ebr konsorcium, u b\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues i Bechtel-it n\u00eb Mozambik<sup>7<\/sup>\u00a0pas t\u00ebrheqjes s\u00eb tij n\u00eb vitin 2013. Madje edhe tash, shum\u00eb kompani Per\u00ebndimore p\u00ebrdorin mosefi\u00e7ienc\u00ebn e sistemeve dhe munges\u00ebn e kontrolleve dhe ekuilibrave t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb n\u00eb Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor p\u00ebr ta maksimizuar p\u00ebrfitimin.<\/p>\n<p>Natyrisht, k\u00ebto raste nuk provojn\u00eb se investimet Per\u00ebndimore kan\u00eb gisht n\u00eb kapitalin g\u00ebrryes. Nuk ka lidhje sismetomre me qeverit\u00eb t\u00eb atyre vendeve dhe natyrisht, k\u00ebto \u201cmollat e kalbura\u201d nuk kontribuojn\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitimin politik dhe p\u00ebr q\u00ebllimet sekrete politike, por vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitimet. Sidoqoft\u00eb, problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb dyshimet p\u00ebr korrupsion, p\u00ebr munges\u00eb t\u00eb transpar\u00ebnc\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr shmangien prej kontrolleve dhe ekuilibrave t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb brendshme nga kompanit\u00eb Per\u00ebndimore e mjegullojn\u00eb piktur\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjitshme p\u00ebr ndikimin e kapitalit g\u00ebrryes. \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste, shtypi dhe institucionet Per\u00ebndimore merren me k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje, por raportimet rrall\u00ebher\u00eb mb\u00ebrrijn\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt e Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor. K\u00ebshtu, ata nuk kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb ta dallojn\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe pasojat politike t\u00eb investimeve, dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht t\u2019i kuptojn\u00eb grackat e kapitalit g\u00ebrryes.<\/p>\n<p>Ky problem duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb strategjin\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjitshme kur komunikohet p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e kapitalit g\u00ebrryes n\u00eb Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor. P\u00ebrkundrazi, shtegu drejt p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb informatave do t\u00eb mbetet aq i vrazhd\u00eb sa \u00ebsht\u00eb sot.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><em>N\u00eb muajt n\u00eb vijim, bashk\u00ebpunimi n\u00eb mes t\u00eb platformave online<a href=\"https:\/\/remarker.media\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0Remarker<\/a>\u00a0dhe Sbunker do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb seri analizash q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim nxitjen e debatit t\u00eb hapur e kritik mbi situat\u00ebn aktuale n\u00eb rajonin e Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Pas q\u00ebndrimeve t\u00eb fundit nga Franca, nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr shtetet an\u00ebtare me m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti ndikim n\u00eb BE, rajoni po p\u00ebrballet me nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr sfidat m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira t\u00eb tri dekadave t\u00eb fundit, prej kur shtetet e Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor filluan rrug\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, fillimisht duke kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr konflikte dhe pastaj n\u00eb procesin e demokratizimit dhe integrimit evropian.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Q\u00ebllimi i<a href=\"https:\/\/remarker.media\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0Remarker<\/a>\u00a0dhe Sbunker \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb njohje m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve aktuale n\u00eb vendet e Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor, dhe rritjen e vet\u00ebdijes mbi proceset e integrimit evropian, at\u00eb t\u00eb demokratizimit dhe sundimit t\u00eb ligjit, si kushtet kryesore p\u00ebr arritjen e paqes afatgjat\u00eb dhe stabilitetit n\u00eb rajon.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8212;&#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Shkrimin n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn serbe mund ta gjeni\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/remarker.media\/region-2020\/sprecavanje-podizanja-svesti-o-korozivnom-kapitalu-na-zapadnom-balkanu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">k\u00ebtu,<\/a>\u00a0nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn\u00a0angleze\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sbunker.net\/rajoni-2020-bllogje-tematike\/90553\/obstacles-to-raising-awareness-about-corrosive-capital-in-the-western-balkans\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">k\u00ebtu.<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb fundit jan\u00eb botuar nj\u00eb v\u00ebrshim studimesh t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruara n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb kapitalit g\u00ebrryes n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. Vet\u00eb kjo shprehje \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nga Qendra p\u00ebr Nd\u00ebrmarrje Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare Private (CIPE) dhe q\u00ebllimi i saj \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cta etiketoj\u00eb m\u00eb drejt financimin q\u00eb i mungon transparenca, llogaridh\u00ebnia, dhe orientimin i tregut q\u00eb rrjedh nga regjimet [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":234,"featured_media":7714,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1189,1188],"ppma_author":[238],"class_list":["post-2696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-1189","tag-rajoni"],"authors":[{"term_id":238,"user_id":234,"is_guest":0,"slug":"igor-novakovic","display_name":"Igor Novakovi\u00e7","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-21-1.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-21-1.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Novakovi\u00e7","first_name":"Igor","description":"Igor Novakovi\u0107 \u00ebsht\u00eb Drejtor K\u00ebrkimor i Qendr\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe \u00c7\u00ebshtjeve t\u00eb Siguris\u00eb \u2013 ISAC Fund. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues n\u00eb Serbi i K\u00ebshillit p\u00ebr Qeverisje Gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse CIG, nj\u00eb OJQ nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare me seli n\u00eb SHBA. Fusha e hulumtimit t\u00eb z. Novakoviq p\u00ebrfshin \u00e7\u00ebshtjet q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe sigurin\u00eb, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti lidhur me integrimet evropiane dhe euroatlantike, bashk\u00ebpunimin rajonal dhe bashk\u00ebpunimin bilateral t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb me shtetet e tjera, si dhe dialogun nd\u00ebretnik n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Juglindore. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb autor i nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb analizash dhe dokumentesh politikash. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, z. Novakovi\u0107 ka botuar nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb artikujsh n\u00eb revista shkencore vendore dhe nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, si dhe ka organizuar shum\u00eb konferenca t\u00eb ndryshme nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, tryeza t\u00eb rrumbullak\u00ebta dhe pun\u00ebtori p\u00ebr tema t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb lidhen me marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, bashk\u00ebpunimin e siguris\u00eb, dialogun nd\u00ebretnik dhe integrimin e pakicave.\r\n\r\nAi ka nj\u00eb doktoratur\u00eb n\u00eb Shkenca Politike nga Universiteti i Beogradit, nj\u00eb MA n\u00eb Studime t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Lindore \u2013 Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare nga Universiteti i Bolonj\u00ebs dhe BA n\u00eb Histori nga Universiteti i Novi Sadit."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2696","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/234"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2696"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2696\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7729,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2696\/revisions\/7729"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7714"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2696"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}