{"id":3585,"date":"2017-05-29T10:22:29","date_gmt":"2017-05-29T08:22:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=3585"},"modified":"2024-10-18T14:07:40","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T12:07:40","slug":"ndermarresia-per-zhvillim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/opinion\/ndermarresia-per-zhvillim\/","title":{"rendered":"Nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsia p\u00ebr zhvillim"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsia p\u00ebr zhvillim<\/h3>\n

Nd?rmarr?sia shpesh p?rmendet n? ligj?rimin publik si faktor i nevojsh?m p?r zhvillim. Meqen?se nd?rmarr?sia ?sht? e r?nd?sishme p?r zhvillim dhe vazhdon t? p?rdoret n? ligj?rimin publik, ia vlen ta diskutojm? si koncept. K?tu do t? mundohem ta shtjelloj konceptin e nd?rmarr?sis? dhe meritat e tij p?r t? ndihmuar n? zhvillimin e vendit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

Qasja individualiste<\/strong><\/p>\n

Autori q\u00eb ka shkruar s\u00eb pari seriozisht p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsin\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb Shumpeter. Ai asociohet me shprehjen \u201cshkat\u00ebrrimi kreativ\u201d (creative destruction), dhe sipas tij, nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces i shkat\u00ebrrimit kreativ t\u00eb s\u00eb vjetr\u00ebs p\u00ebr ta nd\u00ebrtuar t\u00eb ren\u00eb. Shumpeteri i jep rol shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsit n\u00eb ekonomi. Gjithashtu ai e sheh nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsin si person t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm. Pra idet\u00eb e Shumpeterit p\u00ebrputhen me teorin\u00eb e Njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb M\u00ebdhenj mbi historin\u00eb. Aty supozohet se historia l\u00ebvizet nga persona t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj me karakteristika t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. Ngjash\u00ebm, nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsia, sipas Shumpeterit, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen q\u00eb vihet n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje nga persona t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse ndalemi t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb p\u00ebr disa shembuj t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre personave t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm n\u00eb koh\u00ebt tona mund t\u2019i gjejm\u00eb disa. P\u00ebr shembull Bill Gates,\u00a0themelues i Microsoft, Steve Jobs,\u00a0themelues i Apple, dhe Mark Zuckerberg,\u00a0themelues i Facebook, mund t\u00eb merren si nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm. N\u00eb shikim t\u00eb par\u00eb k\u00ebta persona mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si d\u00ebshmi p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar teorin\u00eb e Shumpeterit. Mir\u00ebpo, duhet t\u00eb ndalemi t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb, sa t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb k\u00ebta nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs, dhe \u00e7ka ka ndikuar n\u00eb suksesin e tyre?<\/p>\n

Teoria e Shumpeterit mund t\u00eb quhet teori individualiste e nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsis\u00eb. Dhe ka disa probleme me teorite individualiste. S\u00eb pari, k\u00ebto teori i japin shum\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi individit n\u00eb suksesin e nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeje, q\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton se injorojn\u00eb gj\u00ebra si planifikimi biznesor ose ekonomik. Pastaj, k\u00ebto teori ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb krijimin e miteve q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga mungesa e informatave p\u00ebr individ\u00ebt nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs. P\u00ebr shembull, ajo q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrmendet n\u00eb tregimin e Bill Gates\u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb rrethi n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin ai u zhvillua. Gates u rrit pran\u00eb nj\u00eb Universiteti n\u00eb Seattle, laboratorin kompjuterik t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit e shfryt\u00ebzonte p\u00ebrmes\u00a0nj\u00eb lidhje familjare. Gates\u00a0arriti\u00a0t\u00eb praktikoj\u00eb me or\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebra n\u00eb programim, qysh n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb t\u00eb mesme. Nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb i ngjash\u00ebm pa at\u00eb qasje n\u00eb teknologji moderne nuk do t\u00eb kishte mundur t\u00eb arrij\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sukses.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr problem i teorive individualiste \u00ebsht\u00eb injorimi i bashk\u00ebsis\u00eb si faktor n\u00eb suksesin e nd\u00ebrmarrjeve. K\u00ebtu me bashk\u00ebsin\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptoj rrethin e gjer\u00eb, shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb ku operon nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsi, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ambientin politik. Disa faktor\u00eb q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb k\u00ebtu jan\u00eb organizatat\/firmat ekzistuese; kuadro; financimi; \u00a0infrastruktura ligjore; sistemi i drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb; tregu dhe \u00a0zhvillimi i m\u00ebhersh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Faktor\u00ebt social\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sa i p\u00ebrket faktorit t\u00eb par\u00eb (organizatat\/firmat ekzistuese) rasti i Gates\u00a0tregon se pa laboratorin e universitetit n\u00eb Seatle, ai\u00a0nuk do t\u00eb kishte arritur t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e tij programuese. Rast tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb kompania Nokia, e cila edhe pse llogaritet si d\u00ebshtim, prodhoi disa kompani t\u00eb reja duke iu ndihmuar inxhinier\u00ebve t\u00eb saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb themeluar firma t\u00eb reja q\u00eb sot jan\u00eb kompetitive n\u00eb treg. Duhet t\u00eb kihet parasysh se asnj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i aft\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka vet\u00eb n\u00eb firm\u00ebn e tij. Q\u00eb\u00a0nj\u00eb firm\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb sukses duhet t\u00eb pun\u00ebsoj\u00eb kuadro t\u00eb kualifikuar profesionalisht. Kjo n\u00ebnkupton se e shfryt\u00ebzon investimin e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb e familjeve (p\u00ebrmes edukimit publik e privat) n\u00eb arsimimin e atyre kuadrove.<\/p>\n

Pastaj vjen financimi, ku \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb gjenden investitor\u00eb. Q\u00eb\u00a0t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb kjo duhet t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb nj\u00eb treg kapitali. E p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb infrastruktura ligjore q\u00eb mund\u00ebson investimet n\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje t\u00eb reja (start-up) me risk t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. \u00a0Kjo na \u00e7on te faktori tjet\u00ebr tejet i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb sistemi i drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb. Pa\u00a0drejt\u00ebsi objektive e t\u00eb pavarur investitor\u00ebt nuk kan\u00eb besim n\u00eb zbatimin e kontratave. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb risku i investimit \u00ebsht\u00eb i lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Tregu pason\u00a0si faktor. Pa ekzistuar tregu i volitsh\u00ebm, ose k\u00ebrkesa v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb sukses nj\u00eb produkt apo sh\u00ebrbim i ri i plasuar n\u00eb treg. K\u00ebtu shum\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi jan\u00eb trendet e p\u00ebrgjithshme teknologjike si p\u00ebr shembull trendi i kompjuterit personal pa t\u00eb cilin nuk do t\u00eb kishin pasur sukses as Microsoft e as Apple.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb faktor tjet\u00ebr shum\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00a0zhvillimi i m\u00ebhersh\u00ebm, ku p\u00ebrfshihet investimi i m\u00ebhersh\u00ebm i firmave e i universiteteve ekzistuese n\u00eb hulumtim e zhvillim. K\u00ebtu prap\u00eb duhet t\u00eb marrim shembull Gejts dhe Xhobs t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kishin \u201chuazuar\u201d iden\u00eb e sistemeve operative t\u00eb Microsoft\u00a0e Apple\u00a0nga IBM. Gjithashtu duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim rolin e organizatave publike si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb ushtria amerikane e cila zhvillon teknologji t\u00eb reja (p\u00ebrmes departmentit t\u00eb saj DARP-a), e q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb komercializohen, si p\u00ebr shembull telefonia mobile.<\/p>\n

Vendet n\u00eb tranzicion\/zhvillim<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb rastin e Kosov\u00ebs, duhet theksuar, se p\u00ebrve\u00e7 faktor\u00ebve q\u00eb i p\u00ebrmenda m\u00eb lart ballafaqohemi me problemet e shteteve ne tranzicion\/zhvillim si\u00e7 jan\u00eb korrupsioni, baza ligjore e manovrueshme p\u00ebr njer\u00ebz q\u00eb jan\u00eb mbi ligjin, nepotizmi, \u201cnjoft\u00ebsia\u201d, e \u201ckrahu i fort\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n

Qasja e nd\u00ebrvar\u00ebsis\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pra p\u00ebrvoja nga jeta reale na b\u00ebn t\u2019i v\u00ebm\u00eb n\u00eb dyshim qasjet individualiste t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsis\u00eb. Rrjedhimisht e shohim se nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje grupore. Si qasje alternative \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb mund t\u00eb quhet qasja kolektiviste q\u00eb e sheh nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsin\u00eb si di\u00e7ka ekipore, bashk\u00ebpunuese, e grupore, q\u00eb fokusohet te nd\u00ebrvarshm\u00ebria, shoq\u00ebria, dhe politikat publike. Si propagues kryesor i k\u00ebsaj teorie \u00ebsht\u00eb profesori korean i Kembrixhit, Ha Joon Chang.<\/p>\n

Pra e pam\u00eb q\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsia n\u00ebnkupton shum\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa idet\u00eb dhe pun\u00ebn e nj\u00eb individi. Pik\u00ebpamjet se n\u00eb vendet si Kosova nuk ka mjaft nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsi dhe vet\u00ebm po t\u00eb kishte m\u00eb shum\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsi do t\u00eb kishte zhvillim m\u00eb t\u00eb madh ekonomik jan\u00eb t\u00eb gabuara. Nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsia n\u00eb k\u00ebto vende ekziston, bile ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsi se n\u00eb vendet e zhvilluara, si\u00e7 mund ta shohim \u00e7do dit\u00eb nga numri i personave q\u00eb mundohen t\u00eb na shesin gj\u00ebra t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb rrug\u00eb. Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se kushtet sociale (mjedisi biznesor, politikat publike) nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb favorshme p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsit. Me instalimin e politikave publike adekuate q\u00eb ndihmojn\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsit duke p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar faktor\u00ebt e p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb lart, do t\u00eb kishim par\u00eb aktivitet m\u00eb t\u00eb shtuar ekonomik q\u00eb kishte \u00e7uar drejt zhvillimit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsia p\u00ebr zhvillim Nd?rmarr?sia shpesh p?rmendet n? ligj?rimin publik si faktor i nevojsh?m p?r zhvillim. Meqen?se nd?rmarr?sia ?sht? e r?nd?sishme p?r zhvillim dhe vazhdon t? p?rdoret n? ligj?rimin publik, ia vlen ta diskutojm? si koncept. K?tu do t? mundohem ta shtjelloj konceptin e nd?rmarr?sis? dhe meritat e tij p?r t? ndihmuar n? zhvillimin e vendit. […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":8396,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[691],"ppma_author":[29],"class_list":["post-3585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-economy"],"authors":[{"term_id":29,"user_id":19,"is_guest":0,"slug":"seb-bytyci","display_name":"Seb Byty\u00e7i","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1668771566235.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1668771566235.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Byty\u00e7i","first_name":"Seb","description":"Dr. Seb Bytyci ka p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebse n\u00eb hulumtim shkencor dhe m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnie p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy dekada, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb angazhime me University of London\/LSE, University of York, University of Winchester, William College, IPOL Institute, si dhe Police Federation of England and Wales. Ai ka qen\u00eb gjithashtu i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb avokim praktik dhe ka bashk\u00ebpunuar me organizata nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare si OKB, UNDP dhe OSBE.\r\n\r\nSeb ka doktoratur\u00eb (PhD) nga University of York; nj\u00eb Master n\u00eb Administrat\u00eb Publike (MPA) n\u00eb Analiz\u00eb Politikash dhe \u00c7\u00ebshtje Krahasuese & Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare nga Indiana University (Bloomington), si dhe nj\u00eb MES n\u00eb Integrim Evropian dhe Rajonaliz\u00ebm nga University of Graz\/EIPA\/EURAC.\r\n\r\nHulumtimi i tij i doktoratur\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb fokusuar n\u00eb institucionet n\u00eb vende n\u00eb tranzicion, nd\u00ebrsa fushat e tij t\u00eb interesit p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e institucioneve efektive dhe lidershipin, \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e BE-s\u00eb dhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, zgjidhjen e konflikteve, shtetin zhvillimor dhe proceset e transformimit shoq\u00ebror."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3585","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3585"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3585\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8733,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3585\/revisions\/8733"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3585"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3585"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3585"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3585"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}