{"id":3641,"date":"2017-08-08T11:16:37","date_gmt":"2017-08-08T09:16:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=3641"},"modified":"2025-01-16T11:34:40","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T09:34:40","slug":"gramatika-a-ia-vlen-vertet-barra-qirane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/opinion\/gramatika-a-ia-vlen-vertet-barra-qirane\/","title":{"rendered":"Gramatika, a ia vlen v\u00ebrtet barra qiran\u00eb?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n

Andreea S. Calude, linguiste n\u00eb Universitetin e Waikato-s, pjes\u00eb e Qendr\u00ebs Hulumtuese The Human Language Technologies, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb lidhjes mes gjuh\u00ebs e linguistik\u00ebs dhe rolin e tyre n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn publike mediale.<\/p>\n

Calude eksploron argumentin e vjet\u00ebr sa koha, mes an\u00ebs preskriptiviste dhe deskriptiviste t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve \u2013 t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebrplasen keq kur vjen pyetja te r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e gramatik\u00ebs. Materiali informues n\u00eb vijim \u00ebsht\u00eb prodhuar nga Ted-Ed.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Je duke i treguar shokut t\u00ebnd nj\u00eb ngjarje t\u00eb mrekullueshme dhe sapo mb\u00ebrrin te pjesa m\u00eb e mir\u00eb, ai, papritur, nd\u00ebrhyn: \u201cAlieni dhe un\u00eb\u201d, jo \u201cMua dhe alieni\u201d. Shum\u00eb nga ne do t\u00eb ndiheshim t\u00eb ofenduar, por l\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00ebnjan\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjen e pasjellshme, a ka t\u00eb drejt\u00eb shoku juaj? A \u00ebsht\u00eb fjalia jote gramatikisht korrekt? Dhe po qe se ai e ka kuptuar \u00e7far\u00eb ke th\u00ebn\u00eb, \u00e7’r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi ka ajo, at\u00ebher\u00eb?<\/p>\n

Nga pik\u00ebpamja e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb, gramatika \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb grumbull rregullash, q\u00eb bashkohen p\u00ebr t\u00eb formuar grupe fjal\u00ebsh apo fjali, sido qofshin ato: n\u00eb t\u00eb folur apo n\u00eb t\u00eb shkruar. Rregullat e gjuh\u00ebve ndryshojn\u00eb nj\u00ebra nga tjetra. N\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe dhe angleze, kryefjala zakonisht vihet n\u00eb fillim, ndjekur nga folja dhe n\u00eb fund kundrinori:<\/p>\n

Djali \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0goditi \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 topin.
\nkryefjala \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0folja \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 kundrinori<\/p>\n

The boy \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0kicked \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0the ball.
\nkryefjala \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0folja \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0kundrinori
\nKurse n\u00eb japonisht dhe shum\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, renditja \u00ebsht\u00eb kryefjal\u00eb – kundrinor – folje:<\/p>\n

Djali \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0topin \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0goditi.
\nkryefjala \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 kundrinori \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 folja<\/p>\n

Disa dijetar\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekur t’i identifikojn\u00eb rregullat e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta mes gjuh\u00ebve. Por, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 disa cil\u00ebsive bazike si posedimi nga gjuh\u00ebt i emrave apo foljeve, jan\u00eb gjetur edhe disa nga t\u00eb ashtuquajturat p\u00ebrgjithshm\u00ebri gjuh\u00ebsore. P\u00ebrderisa \u00e7do gjuh\u00eb ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr rregulla fikse q\u00eb t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, studimi i k\u00ebtyre rregullave ka hapur nj\u00eb debat, q\u00eb vazhdon ende, n\u00eb mes t\u00eb dy pozicioneve, t\u00eb njohura si preskriptivizmi dhe deskriptivizmi. Thjeshtuar s\u00eb tep\u00ebrmi, preskriptivist\u00ebt mendojn\u00eb se nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb duhet t’i ndjek\u00eb rregullat fikse, gjersa deskriptivist\u00ebt e shohin ndryshimin dhe adaptimin si pjes\u00eb natyrale dhe t\u00eb nevojshme t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Hyr\u00eb n\u00eb histori, n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb saj, gjuha ka qen\u00eb e folur. Por me njer\u00ebzit duke u nd\u00ebrlidhur mes vete dhe me shkrimin q\u00eb fitoi r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi, gjuha e shkruar u standardizua p\u00ebr t\u00eb mund\u00ebsuar komunikim m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t’u siguruar q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit nga sferat e ndryshme t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. N\u00eb shum\u00eb gjuh\u00eb, kjo form\u00eb e standardit erdhi me mendimin e t\u00eb qen\u00ebt e vetmja e duhur, pavar\u00ebsisht q\u00eb rrjedh nga vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb prej shum\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb folura, zakonisht nga e folura e njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm (me pozit\u00eb). Tradicionalist\u00ebt e gjuh\u00ebs punuan n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin dhe propagandimin e k\u00ebtij standardi, duke detajizuar nj\u00eb grumbull rregullash, q\u00eb rezultoi n\u00eb formimin e gramatik\u00ebs s\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre. Rregullat p\u00ebr gramatik\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb shkruar zbatoheshin edhe n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e folur, gjithashtu. Ato forma q\u00eb devijuan n\u00eb t\u00eb folur nga rregullat n\u00eb t\u00eb shkruar, u konsideruan \u00e7oroditje, apo shenja t\u00eb statusit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt social; shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz q\u00eb u pat\u00ebn rritur duke folur n\u00eb k\u00ebto m\u00ebnyra, u detyruan t’i adaptoheshin form\u00ebs standarde.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb fundi, sidoqoft\u00eb, gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebt e kan\u00eb kuptuar se t\u00eb folurit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen i ndar\u00eb nga ai i shkruar, me rregullat dhe strukturat e veta. Shum\u00eb nga ne m\u00ebsohemi t\u00eb flasim n\u00eb nj\u00eb mosh\u00eb aq t\u00eb re, saq\u00eb as nuk na kujtohet ajo. Ne e formojm\u00eb koleksionin e t\u00eb folurit n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet shprehive t\u00eb b\u00ebra n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavet\u00ebdijshme, jo nga rregullat e memorizuara. Pasi q\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb folur hyn n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim edhe gjendja emocionale dhe intonacioni i fol\u00ebsit p\u00ebr dh\u00ebnien e kuptimit, struktura e saj \u00ebsht\u00eb shpesh m\u00eb fleksibile, duke iu p\u00ebrshtatur nevojave t\u00eb fol\u00ebsit dhe d\u00ebgjuesit. Kjo mund\u00ebson:<\/p>\n

– Shmangien e fjalive t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t’i analizosh n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale:
\nT\u00eb gjith\u00eb e kishim t\u00eb qart\u00eb se Cezari ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb lider i\u00a0r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm.
\nn\u00eb vend t\u00eb<\/em>
\nSe Cezari ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb lider i\u00a0r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb e kishim t\u00eb qart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

– Shmangien e shqiptimit t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb disa fjal\u00ebve, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb ndryshime:
\nDua t\u00eb t\u2019i dhuroj k\u00ebto.
\nn\u00eb vend t\u00eb<\/em>
\nDua t\u00eb t\u00eb i dhuroj k\u00ebto.<\/p>\n

– P\u00ebrshpejtimin e t\u00eb folurit duke hequr tinguj:
\nShp\u00ed
\nn\u00eb vend t\u00eb<\/em>
\nSht\u00ebp\u00ed<\/p>\n

Qasja linguistike q\u00eb provon t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb hartoj\u00eb diferenca t\u00eb tilla, pa b\u00ebr\u00eb selektimin e asaj se cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e sakt\u00eb e cila jo, njihet si diskriptivizmi. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se t\u00eb vendosurit se si duhet p\u00ebrdorur gjuha, ajo p\u00ebrshkruan se si njer\u00ebzit, n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, e p\u00ebrdorin at\u00eb, dhe i gjurmon risit\u00eb q\u00eb shfaqen n\u00eb proces.<\/p>\n

Mir\u00ebpo, derisa debati nd\u00ebrmjet preskriptivizmit dhe deskriptivizmit vazhdon, k\u00ebto dyja nuk jan\u00eb reciprokisht p\u00ebrjashtuese. Preskriptivizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb i dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr informimin e njer\u00ebzve p\u00ebr strukturat m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr kontekstet formale, por edhe sepse e b\u00ebn komunikimin m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet njer\u00ebzve me gjuh\u00eb amtare t\u00eb ndryshme nga mjediset e ndryshme. Deskriptivizmi, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, na mund\u00ebson t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtojm\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb se si mendja jon\u00eb punon, dhe m\u00ebnyrat instinktive me t\u00eb cilat ne strukturojm\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjen ton\u00eb mbi bot\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund, gramatika m\u00eb s\u00eb miri duhet t\u00eb kuptohet si nj\u00eb set i shprehive gjuh\u00ebsore, q\u00eb vazhdimisht negociohen dhe rikrijohen nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit e gjuh\u00ebs. Gjuha \u00ebsht\u00eb sikur nj\u00eb p\u00eblhur\u00eb e mrekullueshme dhe komplekse, e endur nga kontributi i fol\u00ebsve dhe d\u00ebgjuesve, shkruesve dhe lexuesve, preskriptivist\u00ebve dhe deskriptivist\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

__________
\nP\u00ebrktheu: Festim Klinaku<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Andreea S. Calude, linguiste n\u00eb Universitetin e Waikato-s, pjes\u00eb e Qendr\u00ebs Hulumtuese The Human Language Technologies, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb lidhjes mes gjuh\u00ebs e linguistik\u00ebs dhe rolin e tyre n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn publike mediale. Calude eksploron argumentin e vjet\u00ebr sa koha, mes an\u00ebs preskriptiviste dhe deskriptiviste t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve \u2013 t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebrplasen keq kur […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":616,"featured_media":12084,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[719,2328],"ppma_author":[2336],"class_list":["post-3641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-grammar","tag-shkrim"],"authors":[{"term_id":2336,"user_id":616,"is_guest":0,"slug":"andreea-calude","display_name":"Andreea S Calude","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2024-Andreea-Calude-Andreea-Calude.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2024-Andreea-Calude-Andreea-Calude.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Calude","first_name":"Andreea S","description":"ndreea S. Calude is a Senior Lecturer in Linguistics at the University of Waikato, in New Zealand. She is the Editor-in-Chief of Te Reo - the Journal of the Linguistic Society of New Zealand and author"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/616"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3641"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3641\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12086,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3641\/revisions\/12086"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12084"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3641"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}