{"id":3833,"date":"2019-03-25T09:00:48","date_gmt":"2019-03-25T07:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=3833"},"modified":"2024-11-27T14:44:04","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T12:44:04","slug":"potenciali-ekonomik-i-diaspores-pertej-remitancave","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/uncategorized\/potenciali-ekonomik-i-diaspores-pertej-remitancave\/","title":{"rendered":"Potenciali ekonomik i diaspor\u00ebs p\u00ebrtej remitancave"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Qasja e deritanishme e institucioneve t\u00eb shteteve shqiptare p\u00ebr angazhimin e diaspor\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar kryesisht n\u00eb dy \u00e7\u00ebshtje: ruajtjen dhe forcimin e identitetit kulturor\/komb\u00ebtar dhe avancimin e t\u00eb drejtave politike dhe komunikimin me pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebt e disapor\u00ebs. Angazhimi ekonomik i diaspor\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn flitet sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsisht dhe e cila merr n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb kryesisht remitancat financiare. Jo pse dy \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e para jan\u00eb m\u00eb pak t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, por se potenciali i diaspor\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00ebdimensional dhe duhet t\u00eb kanalizohet m\u00eb me efikasistet.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Pse angazhimi i diaspor\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr zhvillimin ekonomik t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb rend t\u00eb par\u00eb, Kosova nuk ka kapacitet t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjeneruar zhvillim t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm ekonomik. Kosova p\u00ebrballet me nivel t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb (rreth 35%) dhe deficit t\u00eb madh tregtar, ku importet dominojn\u00eb n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Popullsia n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb re \u00ebsht\u00eb kthyer n\u00eb statistik\u00eb negative e shifrave t\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb, sikurse grat\u00eb jan\u00eb shum\u00eb pak t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira n\u00eb aktivitetet ekonomike (rreth 18%). Sipas raportit\u00a0Fuqia Pun\u00ebtore<\/em>\u00a0nga Agjencioni i Statistikave t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs (ASK),\u00a0popullsia e re n\u00eb\u00a0Kosov\u00eb, ka nj\u00eb\u00a0shif\u00ebr mjaft t\u00eb\u00a0lart\u00eb papun\u00ebsie me 55.0%.<\/em>\u00a0Ekonomia e Kosov\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb vite larg afrimit t\u00eb mesatares s\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb vendeve BE-s\u00eb.\u00a0Bruto Produkti Vendor (BPV\/GDP<\/a>) \u00ebsht\u00eb dhjet\u00ebfish m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl se mesatarja evropiane, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrqindja e rritjes ekonomike (mes 3-4%) \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0leht\u00ebsisht para\u00a0<\/a>p\u00ebrqindjes s\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb 28 vendeve t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb s\u00eb bashku (2%).<\/span><\/p>\n

Investimet, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ato t\u00eb huaja, jan\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb indikator n\u00eb r\u00ebnie e sip\u00ebr. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim, qeveria (sektori publik) \u00ebsht\u00eb investitori dhe pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsi m\u00eb i madh, nd\u00ebrsa industria \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb shkall\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb zhvillimit, krahasuar me vendet n\u00eb rajon. Sektor\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb aktiv\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm ndaj konkurenc\u00ebs jofer, informalitetit, dhe munges\u00ebs s\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs s\u00eb nevojshme, elemente k\u00ebto q\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e bizneseve. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, korrupsioni, efikasiteti i dob\u00ebt i qeverisjes dhe i sistemit t\u00eb drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb jan\u00eb arsye t\u00eb forta p\u00ebr d\u00ebshtimin e t\u00ebrheqjes s\u00eb investitor\u00ebve t\u00eb huaj. Probleme si k\u00ebto jan\u00eb tregues t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar pamjaftueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e ekonomis\u00eb vendase dhe nevoj\u00ebn e ndihm\u00ebs nga jasht\u00eb, e cila m\u00eb s\u00eb miri mund t\u00eb vij\u00eb p\u00ebrmes angazhimit direkt ekonomik t\u00eb diaspor\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Angazhimi i diaspor\u00ebs n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kthimi dhe qarkullimi i trurit<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Sistemi i dob\u00ebt i edukimit, trendi i largimit t\u00eb t\u00eb kualifikuar\u00ebve dhe papun\u00ebsia e lart\u00eb n\u00eb mes t\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve, jan\u00eb disa nga problemet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr vendet n\u00eb zhvillim, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe Kosov\u00ebn. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 ikjes nga varf\u00ebria, trendet e fundit tregojn\u00eb q\u00eb edhe t\u00eb kualifikuarit shprehin d\u00ebshir\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u00eb emigrojn\u00eb p\u00ebr mund\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb tregjet e jashtme. Kjo p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb sfid\u00eb t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb p\u00ebr zhvillimin ekonomik t\u00eb vendit, pasi q\u00eb pavar\u00ebsisht ngritjes q\u00eb ata marrin k\u00ebtu, largimi i tyre e zhb\u00ebn \u00e7far\u00ebdo investimi t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb dhe l\u00eb nj\u00eb vakum t\u00eb madh profesional n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb vendase, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb nga probleme kryesore q\u00eb kan\u00eb identifikuar bizneset.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sado i madh t\u00eb jet\u00eb investimi n\u00eb edukim, ky investim \u00ebsht\u00eb i pavler\u00eb n\u00ebse largohen m\u00eb t\u00eb kualifikuarit dhe nuk e mendojn\u00eb kthimin n\u00eb vendin e origjin\u00ebs. Ky fenomen shihet si simptom\u00eb e nj\u00eb ekonomie n\u00eb r\u00ebnie, prandaj shum\u00eb shtete kan\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb veprime p\u00ebr angazhim dhe kthim t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre profesionist\u00ebve, qoft\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr periudha t\u00eb shkurtra kohore. P. sh. Taiwani ka krijuar nj\u00eb databaz\u00eb t\u00eb profesionist\u00ebve nga diaspora p\u00ebr t\u2019i lidhur dhe njoftuar ata me mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e tregut brenda vendit; Lituania ka ngritur nj\u00eb rrjet global t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve, studiuesve dhe akademik\u00ebve me origjin\u00eb lituaneze, me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb angazhimit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb sistemin e edukimit t\u00eb vendit. Shtete t\u00eb tjera si Etiopia, Greqia etj., kan\u00eb krijuar programe shk\u00ebmbimi (fellowships) p\u00ebr student\u00eb e hulumtues nga diaspora me synim afrimin dhe shfryt\u00ebzimin e potencialit t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr institucionet shtet\u00ebrore. Krejt k\u00ebto me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb plot\u00ebsimit t\u00eb kapaciteteve deficitare n\u00eb vend, aq t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr nj\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm. Shum\u00eb institucione dhe organizata por edhe t\u00eb rinj n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb nga njohurit\u00eb e profesionist\u00ebve nga diaspora t\u00eb cil\u00ebt mund t\u00eb vijn\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb ne periudha t\u00eb ndryshme kohore p\u00ebrmes programeve t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Investimet Direkte nga Diaspora<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Investimet Direkte nga Diaspora (IDD) jan\u00eb trajtuar pak n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, edhe si koncept por edhe si potencial. IDD-t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb shum\u00eb aspekte t\u00eb angazhimit t\u00eb diaspor\u00ebs por m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb: investimi i kapitalit financiar n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs. Sensi altruist dhe patriotik \u00ebsht\u00eb motiv shtes\u00eb i pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb diaspor\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb investuar, duke u shnd\u00ebrruar nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht n\u00eb l\u00ebviz\u00ebsit e par\u00eb (first movers) drejt investimeve n\u00eb atdhe. Informacioni mbi rrethanat ekonomike, sociale, nevojat e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb dhe tregut u jep p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi biznesmen\u00ebve nga diaspora. Nd\u00ebrsa, p\u00ebr vendin, investimet e tyre jan\u00eb m\u00eb fryt\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebse p\u00ebr faktin se ata p\u00ebrve\u00e7 financave sjellin edhe njohurit\u00eb (know-how) t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb motiveve t\u00eb lartp\u00ebrmendura, kan\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00ebn t\u2019i ndajn\u00eb me potencialin njer\u00ebzor n\u00eb vend, pa iu frik\u00ebsuar rritjes s\u00eb konkurrenc\u00ebs, si\u00e7 ndodh me investitor\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb huaj. Investimet nga diaspora mund t\u00eb vijn\u00eb n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme, si p. sh. p\u00ebrmes marr\u00ebveshjeve me bizneset lokale, partneritetit me institucionet publike n\u00eb projekte kapitale, por edhe p\u00ebrmes investimit n\u00eb instrumente financiare si bono apo aksione, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb ofrohen nga institucionet financiare.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rrjet\u00ebzimi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrtej angazhimit ekonomik t\u00eb drejt\u00ebp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb, diaspora luan nj\u00eb rol shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb krijimin e urave t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimit afatgjat\u00eb n\u00eb mes t\u00eb vendeve prit\u00ebse dhe atyre t\u00eb origjin\u00ebs. An\u00ebtar\u00ebt e saj p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb dritare t\u00eb re n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb globale p\u00ebr vendet prit\u00ebse – mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsues n\u00eb investime edhe p\u00ebr kompanit\u00eb q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequra nga diaspora; si dhe nj\u00eb faktor shtyt\u00ebs p\u00ebr bizneset lokale t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb origjin\u00ebs – ato mund t\u00eb adoptojn\u00eb praktikat m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb tregut t\u00eb lir\u00eb p\u00ebrmes lidhjeve dhe mentorimit q\u00eb mund t\u2019i marrin nga profesionist\u00ebt e diaspor\u00ebs. Krijimi i mekanizmave insitucional p\u00ebr forcimin e lidhjeve fillimisht midis pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb diaspor\u00ebs dhe pastaj n\u00eb mes tyre dhe rrjeteve, institucioneve, forumeve ekonomike lokale t\u00eb vendit am\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb proces mjaft i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. K\u00ebto rrjete rrisin presionin p\u00ebr largimin e barrierave institucionale dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e sundimit t\u00eb ligjit dhe efikasitetit t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs shtet\u00ebrore. Vendet si Irlanda, Izraeli apo Armenia kan\u00eb arritur q\u00eb t\u00eb forcojn\u00eb lidhjet me diaspor\u00ebn p\u00ebrmes krijimit t\u00eb rrjeteve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb bizneseve dhe profesionist\u00ebve, organizimit t\u00eb konferencave dhe forumeve t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb vendosur bazat e nj\u00eb komunikimi t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm. P\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb forcuar lidhja e diaspor\u00ebs me vendin e origjin\u00ebs, jan\u00eb ngritur fonde p\u00ebr investime, dhe mekanizma t\u00eb tjer\u00eb p\u00ebr qarkullim dhe shk\u00ebmbim t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve, mallrave dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kosova ka fatin e mir\u00eb q\u00eb ka nj\u00eb diaspor\u00eb t\u00eb madhe krahasuar me numrin e banor\u00ebve, diverse dhe me shum\u00eb potencial ekonomik, intelektual, kulturor, artistik e sportiv. Angazhimi i diaspor\u00ebs, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 aspektit politik, \u00ebsht\u00eb irrelevant n\u00ebse nuk kontribuon edhe n\u00eb zhvillimin ekonomik t\u00eb vendit. Shembuj t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm tregojn\u00eb se sa i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb afrimi i diaspor\u00ebs p\u00ebr zhvillimin e ekonomis\u00eb. Mir\u00ebpo, angazhimi ekonomik i diaspor\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon vullnet, mir\u00ebbesim dhe planifikim serioz nga ana e institucioneve shtet\u00ebrore. Ato duhet t\u00eb krijon\u00eb ambient t\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe t\u00eb favorsh\u00ebm biznesi, q\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton edhe qeverisje t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegjshme, sundim t\u00eb ligjit dhe siguri juridike. Gjithashtu, diaspor\u00ebs duhet t\u2019i ofrohet informacion i detajuar mbi potencialin ekonomik. Nuk duhet t\u00eb harrojm\u00eb q\u00eb diaspora nuk sjell vet\u00ebm kapitalin financiar n\u00eb vendlindje, ajo bashk\u00eb me t\u00eb mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb edhe aft\u00ebsit\u00eb dhe shpirtin e nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsis\u00eb aq t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr rrethanat tona. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, organizatat e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civil\u00eb jan\u00eb ato q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohen n\u00eb katalizator t\u00eb k\u00ebtij procesi p\u00ebrmes avokimit t\u00eb politikave, asociimit t\u00eb lidhjeve q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim angazhimin e diaspor\u00ebs. Ato duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb presion mbi vendimmarr\u00ebsit n\u00eb funksion t\u00eb leht\u00ebsimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij angazhimi.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Qasja e deritanishme e institucioneve t\u00eb shteteve shqiptare p\u00ebr angazhimin e diaspor\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar kryesisht n\u00eb dy \u00e7\u00ebshtje: ruajtjen dhe forcimin e identitetit kulturor\/komb\u00ebtar dhe avancimin e t\u00eb drejtave politike dhe komunikimin me pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebt e disapor\u00ebs. Angazhimi ekonomik i diaspor\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn flitet sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsisht dhe e cila merr n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb kryesisht […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":149,"featured_media":10717,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[691],"ppma_author":[177],"class_list":["post-3833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-economy"],"authors":[{"term_id":177,"user_id":149,"is_guest":0,"slug":"lirim-krasniqi","display_name":"Lirim Krasniqi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-9-3.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-9-3.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Krasniqi","first_name":"Lirim","description":"Lirim Krasniqi \u00ebsht\u00eb Analist i politikave dhe Menaxher i projekteve n\u00eb Organizat\u00ebn joqeveritare GERMIN, organizat\u00eb kjo q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet parimet dhe idealet e saj n\u00eb besimin se diaspora luan rol t\u00eb gjer\u00eb dhe proaktiv n\u00eb zhvillimin pozitiv t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb Ballkanit per\u00ebndimor, aty ku jetojn\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3833","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/149"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3833"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3833\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10716,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3833\/revisions\/10716"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3833"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3833"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3833"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}