{"id":3975,"date":"2019-07-01T09:20:43","date_gmt":"2019-07-01T07:20:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=3975"},"modified":"2024-11-13T14:34:16","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T12:34:16","slug":"krizat-ciklike-dhe-prapambetja-e-theksuar-e-kultures-politike-ne-shqiperi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/krizat-ciklike-dhe-prapambetja-e-theksuar-e-kultures-politike-ne-shqiperi\/","title":{"rendered":"Krizat ciklike dhe prapambetja e theksuar e kultur\u00ebs politike n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kriza aktuale \u00ebsht\u00eb duke nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb pah lakuriq brisht\u00ebsin\u00eb, paaft\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe papjekurin\u00eb e institucioneve tona demokratike, duke njollosur edhe m\u00eb tej imazhin tashm\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuar t\u00eb vendit ton\u00eb n\u00eb aren\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe duke demonstuar qartazi prapambetjen e kultur\u00ebs son\u00eb politike. Duket qartazi q\u00eb vendi yn\u00eb ka ngecur n\u00eb nj\u00eb qerthull apo n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb n\u00eb-vend-num\u00ebro p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket funksionimit t\u00eb institucioneve tona dhe konsolidimit t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs son\u00eb politike. Edhe pse po mbushen 30 vjet nga r\u00ebnia e murit t\u00eb Berlinit, realiteti politik po tregon se kemi ngelur ende shum\u00eb prapa p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket kultur\u00ebs politike. T\u00eb gjitha partit\u00eb jan\u00eb provuar n\u00eb pushtet apo n\u00eb opozit\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe nuk dallojn\u00eb aspak nga m\u00ebnyra si veprojn\u00eb. Para 15 vjet\u00ebsh t\u00eb gjith\u00eb thonin se problemi ishin Nano e Berisha e po t\u00eb hiqeshin ata do lul\u00ebzonte Shqip\u00ebria. Prej koh\u00ebsh ata jan\u00eb hequr e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar nga Rama e Basha dhe pak gj\u00eb ka ndryshuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn sesi funksionon politika jon\u00eb. Kjo t\u00eb l\u00eb t\u00eb mendosh se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht \u00e7\u00ebshtje emrash t\u00eb p\u00ebrve\u00e7\u00ebm apo logosh partie por nj\u00eb prirje m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebstrukturuar e gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse kulturore. Kultura politike n\u00eb vetvete \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr n\u00ebndeg\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb analizuara t\u00eb shkencave politike dhe luan nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb madh p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar se p\u00ebrse Shqip\u00ebria ka ngelur n\u00eb mo\u00e7al p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket konsolidimit t\u00eb institucioneve demokratike.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Zanafilla e studimit t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs politike \u00ebsht\u00eb viti 1963 kur dy akademik\u00eb t\u00eb shquar Sidney Verba dhe Gabriel A. Almond q\u00eb vinin prej dy universiteteve prestigjioze amerikane, Stanford dhe Yale, botuan nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb titulluar\u00a0Kultura Civile<\/em>: nj\u00eb gur themeli i analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb kultur\u00ebs politike dhe ngelet ende sot nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr librat m\u00eb t\u00eb cituar t\u00eb shkencave politike. Ata vun\u00eb re se i nj\u00ebjti sistem politik sillte rezultate krejt t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme dhe k\u00ebt\u00eb gj\u00eb ia atribuonin kontekstit kulturor pra dallimeve n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn politike mes k\u00ebtyre vendeve. P\u00ebr ta kultura politike n\u00ebnkupton orientimet politike t\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie, pra q\u00ebndrimet ndaj sistemit politik, si dhe q\u00ebndrimet ndaj rolit t\u00eb individit brenda sistemi. Hendeku mes institucioneve q\u00eb kemi dhe kultur\u00ebs politike ende ngelet shum\u00eb i gjer\u00eb dhe i thell\u00eb. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb duket qart\u00eb q\u00eb edhe pse kemi pasur gjithfar\u00eb ligjesh t\u00eb avancuara dhe reformash t\u00eb hartuara me ekspertiz\u00eb nga m\u00eb e mira prej per\u00ebndimit, prap\u00ebseprap\u00eb ato ngelen n\u00eb let\u00ebr dhe vlerat ku bazohen, ende nuk jan\u00eb mish\u00ebruar nga shoq\u00ebria jon\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Historia bashk\u00ebkohore -e shkurt\u00ebr- e demokracis\u00eb son\u00eb, gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb, po i ngjan nj\u00eb historie ciklike me kriza q\u00eb rip\u00ebrs\u00ebriten n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme. Pavar\u00ebsisht se kush \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb mazhoranc\u00eb apo n\u00eb opozit\u00eb sjellja politike dhe konflikti duken t\u00eb paevituesh\u00ebm. Skena jon\u00eb politike ngjan e nj\u00ebjta si para nj\u00eb dekade ku i vetmi dallim \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshimi i aktor\u00ebve q\u00eb luanin rolet por skenari i dram\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuaj i nj\u00ebjti. Me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin skenar por n\u00eb role t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta, kryeministri aktual gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs q\u00eb ishte lider i opozit\u00ebs k\u00ebrkoi n\u00eb dhjetor t\u00eb vitit 2006 q\u00eb t\u00eb shtyheshin zgjedhjet lokale t\u00eb parashikuara e dekretuara p\u00ebr dat\u00ebn 20 janar 2007. Me meselen\u00eb e certifikatave t\u00eb lindjes dhe me forc\u00ebn e bojkotit opozita detyroi mazhoranc\u00ebn t\u00eb b\u00ebnte nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje politike q\u00eb b\u00ebri t\u00eb mundur shtyrjen e zgjedhjeve p\u00ebr dat\u00ebn 18 shkurt 2007.<\/p>\n

Po ashtu t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn ndjesi t\u00eb fort\u00eb deja vu t\u00eb krizave ciklike ta jep edhe \u00e7\u00ebshtja e zvarritjes s\u00eb procesit t\u00eb integrimit si pasoj\u00eb e konfliktit t\u00eb madh t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm. Pik\u00ebrisht at\u00ebher\u00eb kur pritet t\u00eb merret nj\u00eb vendim p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr interesat e vendit ton\u00eb, ne gjendemi t\u00eb zhytyr thell\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb politike t\u00eb rrezikshme e pa precedent. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rast\u00ebsi q\u00eb para pak dit\u00ebsh, ministrat e Jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb kan\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb ta marrin n\u00eb tetor vendimin lidhur me hapjen e negociatave p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb. P\u00ebrshkall\u00ebzimi i kriz\u00ebs aktuale \u00ebsht\u00eb duke zbehur pritshm\u00ebrit\u00eb p\u00ebr e \u00e7eljen negociatave p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebsim t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb sivjet, nj\u00ebsoj sikurse para pak vitesh obstruksionizmi i opozit\u00ebs socialiste vonoi p\u00ebr vite me radh\u00eb marrjen e statusit kandidat.<\/p>\n

Asokohe socialist\u00ebt ishin n\u00eb opozit\u00eb e demokrat\u00ebt ishin n\u00eb pushtet, klima konfliktuale ishte e ngjashme dhe p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb saj, opozita pengonte miratimin e atyre ligjeve q\u00eb hapnin rrug\u00ebn e marrjes s\u00eb statusit t\u00eb kandidatit. N\u00eb 2009, Shqip\u00ebria paraqiti k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn e saj zyrtare p\u00ebr antar\u00ebsim n\u00eb Bashkimin Europian. Mir\u00ebpo n\u00eb nj\u00eb rast t\u00eb paprecedent me vende n\u00eb proces an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimi, kjo k\u00ebrkes\u00eb u refuzua disa vite rresht. At\u00ebbot\u00eb opozita bojkotonte parlamentin dhe refuzonte t\u00eb votonte ato tre ligje t\u00eb shum\u00ebp\u00ebrfolura t\u00eb cilat ishin vendosur si kusht i pakap\u00ebrcyesh\u00ebm nga Brukseli p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb statusin e kandidatit. B\u00ebhej fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar me 3\/5 e votave ligjin p\u00ebr administrat\u00ebn civile, heqjen e imuniteteve dhe gjykatat administrative.<\/p>\n

Vet\u00ebm pasi opozita i votoi k\u00ebto ligje Komisioni Evropian n\u00eb tetor t\u00eb vitit 2012, rekomandoi q\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb t\u2019i jepej statusi i kandidatit t\u00eb BE dhe n\u00eb qershor t\u00eb vitit 2014, K\u00ebshilli Europian i dha Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb statusin e kandidatit. Tanim\u00eb jan\u00eb ndryshuar protagonist\u00ebt dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb kryeministri Rama ai q\u00eb po akuzon opozit\u00ebn p\u00ebr sabotim t\u00eb integrimit evropian.<\/p>\n

Me pak fjal\u00eb shikohet q\u00eb pavar\u00ebsisht rotacioneve t\u00eb ndryshme politike, forcat politike sillen nj\u00ebsoj dhe nuk e ndryshojn\u00eb skenarin e loj\u00ebs politike duke treguar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kultur\u00eb politike goxha konservatore e t\u00eb prapambetur q\u00eb ende nuk i ka p\u00ebrqafuar ato tipare kulturore q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si terren fertil p\u00ebr t\u00eb kultivuar nj\u00eb demokraci t\u00eb sh\u00ebndosh\u00eb. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto vite t\u00eb tranzicionit t\u00eb st\u00ebrzgjatur shqiptar kan\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb pah si karakteristik\u00eb kryesore t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs politike shqiptare faktin q\u00eb qeveria (pavar\u00ebsisht se kush e drejton) e n\u00ebnvler\u00ebson ose margjinalizon sa her\u00eb q\u00eb mundet opozit\u00ebn dhe nuk e sheh pluralizmin dhe p\u00ebrfilljen e opozit\u00ebs si nj\u00eb element thelb\u00ebsor t\u00eb sistemit politik t\u00eb liberal demokracis\u00eb. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr vihet re ekzistenca konstante e nj\u00eb opozite destruktive q\u00eb provokon destabilitet sa her\u00eb q\u00eb i leverdis dhe q\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhur n\u00eb pushtet investon m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb nihiliz\u00ebm e nxirrjen e kund\u00ebrshtarit sesa n\u00eb ofrimin e nj\u00eb alternative m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb politike me kuadro t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb pakomprometuar dhe ide novatore p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen.<\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht se estetikisht kemi ndryshime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha krahasuar me fillimin e viteve \u201990, n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje, karakteristikat bazike t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs son\u00eb politike kan\u00eb evoluar shum\u00eb pak. Politikan\u00ebt tan\u00eb sot duken t\u00eb veshur m\u00eb mir\u00eb pothuaj t\u00eb padalluesh\u00ebm nga homolog\u00ebt e tyre n\u00eb per\u00ebndim mir\u00ebpo tiparet e sjelljes s\u00eb tyre politike dallojn\u00eb si nata me dit\u00ebn. Ata sillen sot shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rafinuar, sofistikuar e artikuluar se n\u00eb hapat e par\u00eb t\u00eb tranzicionit, mir\u00ebpo fatkeq\u00ebsisht, n\u00eb thelb, mentaliteti i tyre ka ndryshuar shum\u00eb pak. Jan\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb politikan\u00eb t\u00eb tranzicionit postkomunist q\u00eb jan\u00eb distancuar shum\u00eb pak nga reminishenca e regjimit diktatorial, p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb funksionimit e mentalitetit.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb e orientimeve apo q\u00ebndrimeve t\u00eb oplitik\u00ebs shqiptare nxjerr n\u00eb pah nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb elementesh t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs politike q\u00eb pengojn\u00eb konsolidimin e demokracis\u00eb liberale shqiptare. T\u00eb tilla jan\u00eb: agresiviteti dhe gjuha e urrejtjes; mungesa e mir\u00ebbesimit dhe e respektimit t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtarit; v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur konsensus; pamund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb prespektiv\u00ebn e pal\u00ebve t\u00eb tjera; leht\u00ebsia me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn p\u00ebrdoret dhuna e korrupsioni p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb e mbajtur pushtetin; tendenca p\u00ebr t\u00eb bler\u00eb apo mbyllur goj\u00ebn e z\u00ebrit kritik n\u00ebp\u00ebr media; frika e k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi q\u00eb ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb rol sesa bindja me ep\u00ebrsin\u00eb e argumenteve; preferenca p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn e forc\u00ebs dhe konfrontimit p\u00ebrkundrejt dialogut dhe debatit konstruktiv; preferenca e p\u00ebrbaltjes p\u00ebrkundrejt p\u00ebrmbajtjes; tendenca p\u00ebr ta par\u00eb suksesin e tij si d\u00ebshtim t\u00eb vetes e jo dobi p\u00ebr vendin; ngarkesa t\u00eb tepruara emocionale q\u00eb err\u00ebsojn\u00eb arsyen dhe gjykimin e sh\u00ebndosh\u00eb; debat i p\u00ebrqendruar tek sulmet personale e jo tek rrahja e ideve etj.<\/p>\n

Gjith\u00eb kjo situat\u00eb ta jep nj\u00eb panoram\u00eb t\u00eb zymt\u00eb e goxha fataliste. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak rast\u00ebsi q\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra shqiptar\u00eb po votojn\u00eb kund\u00ebr elit\u00ebs aktuale politike, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet k\u00ebmb\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre duke braktisur vendin. Mir\u00ebpo duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb gjithashtu se kultura politike nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb statike dhe e ngurt\u00eb. Jan\u00eb t\u00eb shumta rastet e vendeve q\u00eb kan\u00eb pasur nj\u00eb prapambetje edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb se Shqip\u00ebria e ia kan\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysin t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e t\u00eb p\u00ebrqafojn\u00eb vlera, bindje, parime e q\u00ebndrime t\u00eb avancuara t\u00eb denja p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vend demokratik. T\u00eb tilla kap\u00ebrcime etapash i kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb Azis\u00eb si p\u00ebr shembull Korea e Jugut apo Japonia e pasluft\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb bot\u00ebrore. Por ato revolucione n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn politike n\u00eb k\u00ebto raste jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nga ai soj lider\u00ebsh politik\u00eb vizionar\u00eb e kurajoze t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ende nuk po shikohen n\u00eb horizontin e elit\u00ebs politike shqiptare. Elita aktuale politike e ka d\u00ebshmuar boll mir\u00eb se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e zgjidhjes, por pjes\u00eb e problemit dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e kot\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb shpresohet ndonj\u00eb ndryshim pa ardhur gjenerata t\u00eb reja politikan\u00ebsh.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kriza aktuale \u00ebsht\u00eb duke nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb pah lakuriq brisht\u00ebsin\u00eb, paaft\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe papjekurin\u00eb e institucioneve tona demokratike, duke njollosur edhe m\u00eb tej imazhin tashm\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuar t\u00eb vendit ton\u00eb n\u00eb aren\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe duke demonstuar qartazi prapambetjen e kultur\u00ebs son\u00eb politike. Duket qartazi q\u00eb vendi yn\u00eb ka ngecur n\u00eb nj\u00eb qerthull apo n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb n\u00eb-vend-num\u00ebro […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":373,"featured_media":10172,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[639],"ppma_author":[367],"class_list":["post-3975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-albania"],"authors":[{"term_id":367,"user_id":373,"is_guest":0,"slug":"adri-nurellari","display_name":"Adri Nurellari","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/adri.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/adri.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Nurellari","first_name":"Adri","description":"Adri Nurellari \u00ebsht\u00eb studiues, k\u00ebshilltar dhe kolumnist i angazhuar kryesisht n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e politik\u00ebs dhe medias. Ai ka vijuar studimet universitare n\u00eb Universitetin e Tiran\u00ebs dhe ato pasuniversitare n\u00eb Cambridge, London School of Economics dhe University College London. Adri \u00ebsht\u00eb ish-k\u00ebshilltar i kryeministrit Sali Berisha dhe ish-sekretar i PDIU-s\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb ka punuar si pedagog n\u00eb Universitetin e Tiran\u00ebs dhe at\u00eb t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Juglindore n\u00eb Tetov\u00eb. Ka qen\u00eb i angazhuar si analist dhe konsulent nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb prej vitit 2013 punon si k\u00ebshilltar i Hashim Tha\u00e7it."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3975","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/373"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3975"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3975\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10173,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3975\/revisions\/10173"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3975"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3975"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3975"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3975"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}