{"id":4274,"date":"2018-10-18T11:32:37","date_gmt":"2018-10-18T09:32:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4274"},"modified":"2025-01-09T11:37:53","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T09:37:53","slug":"cka-na-tregon-per-kosoven-indeksi-i-kapitalit-njerezor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/cka-na-tregon-per-kosoven-indeksi-i-kapitalit-njerezor\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ka na tregon p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn Indeksi i Kapitalit Njer\u00ebzor?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Shpesh thuhet se burimi m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm ekonomik i Kosov\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb rinia e saj. Me gjysm\u00ebn e popullsis\u00eb n\u00ebn mosh\u00ebn 25 vje\u00e7are, brezat e udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb vendit q\u00eb nga mbarimi i luft\u00ebs e kan\u00eb llogaritur rinin\u00eb si burim i zhvillimit ekonomik.<\/p>\n

Por nj\u00eb raport i ri nga Banka Bot\u00ebrore na tregon se qeveria nuk po i p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb fjal\u00ebt me vepra. Sipas raportit p\u00ebr Kapital Njer\u00ebzor t\u00eb publikuar jav\u00ebn e kaluar, Kosova\u00a0renditet e 80-ta n\u00eb bot\u00eb<\/a>\u00a0p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe arsimin e t\u00eb rinjve.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 11 tetor, Banka Bot\u00ebrore publikoi raportin e Indeksit t\u00eb Kapitalit Njer\u00ebzor\u00a0(Human Capital Index – HCI),<\/a>\u00a0q\u00eb rangon shtetet duke u bazuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrparimin e zhvillimit t\u00eb tyre njer\u00ebzor. Indeksi mat performanc\u00ebn e shteteve n\u00eb sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsi dhe arsim p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit n\u00ebn mosh\u00ebn 18 vje\u00e7are. M\u00eb specifikisht, HCI mat sasin\u00eb e kapitalit q\u00eb nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb i lindur sot pritet ta arrij\u00eb deri n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 18 vje\u00e7e: 1 \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultati m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i mundsh\u00ebm dhe 0 m\u00eb i keqi. Nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr ta par\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb indeks \u00ebsht\u00eb si matje e produktivitetit q\u00eb nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb pritet ta ket\u00eb kur t\u00eb b\u00ebhet 18 vje\u00e7.<\/p>\n

Indeksi \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e projektit t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore p\u00ebr Kapitalin Njer\u00ebzor i cili zhvendos fokusin e Bank\u00ebs nga rezultatet, t\u00eb tilla si vitet e arsimit, tek inputet si cil\u00ebsia e arsimit. “P\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit m\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebr, kapitali njer\u00ebzor shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb kapitali i vet\u00ebm q\u00eb kan\u00eb,”\u00a0tha Presidenti i Grupit t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore Jim Yong Kim.<\/a>\u00a0“Kapitali njer\u00ebzor \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nxit\u00ebs ky\u00e7 i rritjes ekonomike t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme dhe gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse, por investimi n\u00eb sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsi dhe arsim nuk ka marr\u00eb v\u00ebmendjen q\u00eb meriton. Ky indeks krijon nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb midis p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimit t\u00eb rezultateve n\u00eb sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsi dhe arsim, produktivitetit dhe rritjes ekonomike. Shpresoj se do t\u2019i shtyj\u00eb shtetet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrin masa urgjente dhe t\u00eb investojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb – dhe m\u00eb efektivisht – n\u00eb popullin e tyre.”<\/p>\n

Masa p\u00ebrfshin tre tregues: mbijetesa – probabiliteti i mbijetes\u00ebs deri n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 5 vje\u00e7are; shkollimi – vitet e shkollimit dhe rezultatet e m\u00ebsimit, dhe sh\u00ebndeti n\u00eb mosh\u00eb madhore. Sipas Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore, rezultati mesatar i HCI-s\u00eb n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb 0.56 – vendet aziatike si Singapori, Korea dhe Japonia udh\u00ebheqin me rezultate m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se 0.84, nd\u00ebrsa vendet sub-sahariane si \u00c7adi, Sudani Jugor dhe Nigeria kan\u00eb rezultatet m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, rreth 0.3. Sipas raportit, globalisht “56 p\u00ebr qind e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb lindur sot kur t\u00eb rriten do t\u00eb jen\u00eb, n\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, p\u00ebrgjysm\u00eb m\u00eb pak produktiv\u00eb sesa do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ishin; 92 p\u00ebr qind kur t\u00eb rriten do t\u00eb jen\u00eb, n\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, 25 p\u00ebr qind m\u00eb produktiv\u00eb sa do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ishin.”<\/p>\n

Indeksi ka p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim nxitjen e konkurrenc\u00ebs mes vendeve, ngjash\u00ebm me projektin e famsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore, Raporti i t\u00eb B\u00ebrit Biznes (Doing Business Report). Natyrisht, n\u00ebnkuptohet se vendet duhet ta krahasojn\u00eb performanc\u00ebn e tyre me vendet me pasuri t\u00eb ngjashme ekonomike, dhe duket se ka nj\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb madh n\u00eb rezultatet midis shteteve me PBB t\u00eb ngjashme p\u00ebr kok\u00eb banori.<\/p>\n

Me nj\u00eb rezultat prej 0.56, f\u00ebmij\u00ebt n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb kur t\u00eb mb\u00ebrrijn\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 18 vje\u00e7e do t\u00eb jen\u00eb 44 p\u00ebr qind m\u00eb pak produktiv\u00eb sa do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ishin n\u00ebse do t\u00eb kishin g\u00ebzuar arsimim dhe sh\u00ebndet t\u00eb plot\u00eb. Sipas p\u00ebrllogaritjeve nga Banka, nj\u00eb rezultat shtet\u00ebror prej 0.5 do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se shteti po heq dor\u00eb nga gjysma e potencialit ekonomik t\u00eb s\u00eb ardhmes, q\u00eb p\u00ebrkthehet n\u00eb nj\u00eb humbje vjetore prej 1.4 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb rritjen e PBB-s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb 50 viteve. Rezultati i Kosov\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt se mesatarja rajonale (0.65), por m\u00eb e lart\u00eb se mesatarja e grupit t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb ul\u00ebta – t\u00eb mesme (0.49) n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin b\u00ebn pjes\u00eb Kosova.<\/p>\n

\"Image\"<\/div>\n

World Bank, Human Capital Index, 2018<\/p>\n

N\u00eb krahasim me mesataren globale, Kosova performon m\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb treguesit e sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb, por ka v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb treguesit e arsimit. Norma e mbijetes\u00ebs n\u00ebn mosh\u00ebn 5 vje\u00e7are n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 99 p\u00ebr qind, 2 p\u00ebr qind m\u00eb shum\u00eb se mesatarja globale, nd\u00ebrsa shkalla e mbijetes\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb rriturve, e p\u00ebrcaktuar si pjesa e 15-vje\u00e7ar\u00ebve q\u00eb mbijetojn\u00eb deri n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 60 vje\u00e7are, \u00ebsht\u00eb 91 p\u00ebr qind, 6 p\u00ebr qind m\u00eb shum\u00eb se mesatarja globale.<\/p>\n

Arsimi \u00ebsht\u00eb dimensioni n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb prapa. Megjith\u00ebse vitet e pritshme t\u00eb shkollimit jan\u00eb 12.8, 1.6 m\u00eb shum\u00eb se mesatarja globale, kur b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrshtatja me arritshm\u00ebrin\u00eb, kjo pritshm\u00ebri zbret n\u00eb 7.7 vjet. Arritshm\u00ebria llogaritet duke p\u00ebrdorur rezultatet e testeve t\u00eb standardizuara si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb PISA, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin 300 pik\u00eb paraqesin arritje minimale dhe 625 paraqesin arritje t\u00eb avancuar. Me nj\u00eb rezultat mesatar prej 375 pik\u00ebsh, Kosova radhitet shum\u00eb posht\u00eb mesatares evropiane prej 495 pik\u00ebsh dhe madje edhe mesatares globale prej 431 pik\u00ebsh. Kjo arritje e ul\u00ebt arsimore p\u00ebrkthehet n\u00eb 5 vjet t\u00eb humbura t\u00eb shkollimit. Ngjash\u00ebm me trendet globale, vajzat n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb i tejkalojn\u00eb djemt\u00eb vet\u00ebm nga pak n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb treguesit p\u00ebrve\u00e7 viteve t\u00eb pritshme t\u00eb shkollimit. Dallimi m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm gjinor \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rezultatet e arritjeve t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit, ku vajzat n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb mesatarisht sh\u00ebnojn\u00eb 381 pik\u00eb, kurse djemt\u00eb 369.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb shpjegim i arsyesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rezultat kaq t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb HCI \u00ebsht\u00eb shpenzimi i ul\u00ebt p\u00ebr arsimin dhe sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsin\u00eb si pjes\u00eb e PBB-s\u00eb. Q\u00eb nga viti 2008, shpenzimi mesatar p\u00ebr arsimin dhe sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsin\u00eb si pjes\u00eb e produktit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm bruto (PBB) n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb ka qen\u00eb\u00a03.3 dhe 1.5<\/a>, respektivisht. K\u00ebta jan\u00eb numra shum\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb krahasim me mesataret rajonale dhe evropiane. Nga 2008 deri n\u00eb 2014, shpenzimi mesatar p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsi si pjes\u00eb e PBB-s\u00eb n\u00eb BE ishte\u00a09.5 p\u00ebr qind<\/a>, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Juglindore\u00a07.3 p\u00ebr qind.<\/a>\u00a0N\u00eb vitin 2016, shpenzimi mesatar p\u00ebr arsimin si pjes\u00eb e PBB-s\u00eb n\u00eb BE ishte\u00a04.6 p\u00ebr qind.<\/a><\/p>\n

Ka pasur disa kritika n\u00eb metodologjin\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorur nga Banka p\u00ebr t\u00eb renditur vendet n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb kapitalit t\u00eb tyre njer\u00ebzor. Ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht,\u00a0Qeveria e Indis\u00eb tha<\/a>\u00a0se e hedh posht\u00eb raportin, duke p\u00ebrmendur \u00e7\u00ebshtje metodologjike si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb mungesa e nj\u00eb treguesi t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave dhe diskutueshm\u00ebria e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave mbi arritjet arsimore. Derisa kritikat p\u00ebr metodologjin\u00eb shpesh jan\u00eb t\u00eb vlefshme n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e treguesve t\u00eb till\u00eb, pasi shpesh jan\u00eb subjektivisht t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara, vlefshm\u00ebria e renditjes q\u00ebndron n\u00eb kuptimin q\u00eb metodologjia \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha shtetet.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rastin e Kosov\u00ebs, m\u00ebsimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i thjesht\u00eb: rritja e investimeve n\u00eb arsim dhe sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e vonuar, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb hapi i par\u00eb n\u00eb mbylljen e hendekut t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm t\u00eb produktivitetit t\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve. Politika t\u00eb tjera m\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara q\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsojn\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e sh\u00ebndetit dhe arsimit dhe qasjen n\u00eb to jan\u00eb gjithashtu t\u00eb nevojshme. N\u00eb drit\u00ebn e k\u00ebtij raporti, p\u00ebrgjigjja e menj\u00ebhershme e qeveris\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb shprehje e interesit p\u00ebr t’iu bashkuar projektit p\u00ebr Kapitalin Njer\u00ebzor t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore, p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e progresit n\u00eb k\u00ebto dimensione.<\/p>\n

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Shpesh thuhet se burimi m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm ekonomik i Kosov\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb rinia e saj. Me gjysm\u00ebn e popullsis\u00eb n\u00ebn mosh\u00ebn 25 vje\u00e7are, brezat e udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb vendit q\u00eb nga mbarimi i luft\u00ebs e kan\u00eb llogaritur rinin\u00eb si burim i zhvillimit ekonomik. Por nj\u00eb raport i ri nga Banka Bot\u00ebrore na tregon se qeveria nuk po […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":577,"featured_media":11749,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[2226,11],"ppma_author":[2225],"class_list":["post-4274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-indeksi-i-kapitalit-njerezor","tag-kosova"],"authors":[{"term_id":2225,"user_id":577,"is_guest":0,"slug":"fjolla-kondirolli","display_name":"Fjolla Kondirolli","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/fjolla-kondiroll.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/fjolla-kondiroll.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Kondirolli","first_name":"Fjolla","description":"Fjolla Kondirolli is a PhD student in Economics at the University of Sussex, and works as a research assistant for the CEP's Labour Market Programme."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4274","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/577"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4274"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4274\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11750,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4274\/revisions\/11750"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4274"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4274"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}