{"id":4398,"date":"2021-10-20T16:24:18","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T14:24:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4398"},"modified":"2024-11-14T17:00:58","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T15:00:58","slug":"suspendimi-i-raportit-te-te-berit-biznes-dhe-akuzat-ndaj-udheheqeses-se-fmn-se-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/suspendimi-i-raportit-te-te-berit-biznes-dhe-akuzat-ndaj-udheheqeses-se-fmn-se-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Suspendimi i Raportit t\u00eb t\u00eb B\u00ebrit Biznes dhe akuzat ndaj udh\u00ebheq\u00ebses s\u00eb FMN-s\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"
Raporti i t\u00eb B\u00ebrit Biznes i Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga dokumentet m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura nga politik\u00ebb\u00ebr\u00ebsit, analist\u00ebt dhe studiuesit, n\u00eb pothuajse secilin vend t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Q\u00ebllimi kryesor i k\u00ebtij dokumenti \u00ebsht\u00eb raportimi p\u00ebr rregullat si: procedurat ligjore, koha e pritjes, kostot e fillimit t\u00eb biznesit, efi\u00e7ienca e gjyq\u00ebsorit, energjia, etj. K\u00ebto rregulla shihen si p\u00ebrcaktuese t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00eb ambienti ndaj t\u00eb b\u00ebrit biznes. Th\u00ebn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb rralla rastet kur qeverit\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr bot\u00eb kan\u00eb ushtruar presion t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm tek institucionet p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse q\u00eb t\u2019i marrin reformat e nevojshme n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet ambienti i biznesit dhe rrjedhimisht t\u00eb ngrihet vendi n\u00eb renditjen e tabel\u00ebs. E met\u00eb e madhe e derivuar nga stimujt p\u00ebr t\u2019u reformuar \u00ebsht\u00eb dilema sa e dobishme \u00ebsht\u00eb reforma n\u00eb vetvete.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Pra, vendi mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar progres n\u00eb regjistrimin e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb bizneseve, por cili \u00ebsht\u00eb ndikimi real q\u00eb ky p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim ka n\u00eb ambientin e t\u00eb b\u00ebrit biznes \u2013 pavar\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimit n\u00eb renditjen e raportit. P\u00ebr studiuesit e pavarur dhe ata q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqur me pesh\u00ebn q\u00eb u \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb indikator\u00ebve n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb renditjes, Banka ka publikuar peshat e p\u00ebrdorura, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb kritik\u00ebt t\u00eb ken\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb rind\u00ebrtojn\u00eb indeksin sipas argumenteve dhe besimeve t\u00eb tyre. K\u00ebshtu, me gjith\u00eb t\u00eb metat, raporti \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cProxy\u201d i mir\u00eb i ambientit t\u00eb biznesit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tradicionalisht, institucionet financiare nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb dala nga marr\u00ebveshja e Bretton Woods-it \u2013 Banka Bot\u00ebrore dhe Fondi Monetar Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar \u2013 jan\u00eb nd\u00ebr organizatat m\u00eb t\u00eb besuara n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Kredibiliteti i tyre n\u00ebp\u00ebr vite \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nga ekonomist\u00ebt m\u00eb eminent\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar n\u00eb fush\u00ebn akademike, pasi u shp\u00ebrblyen edhe me \u00e7mime Nobel. Rishtazi, nj\u00eb hulumtim i pavarur i kompanis\u00eb WilmerHale pretendon se drejtoresha aktuale e FMN-s\u00eb, Kristalina Georgieva, gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs sa ka udh\u00ebhequr me Bank\u00ebn Bot\u00ebrore, ka ushtruar presion mbi stafin e saj n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb vendos\u00eb Kin\u00ebn, Arabin\u00eb Saudite dhe Azerbajxhanin n\u00eb pozita m\u00eb t\u00eb larta n\u00eb\u00a0Raportin e t\u00eb B\u00ebrit Biznes<\/em>. K\u00ebto pretendime luhat\u00ebn ndjesh\u00ebm integritetin e institucioneve kryesore financiare n\u00eb bot\u00eb dhe pezulluan publikimin e raportit n\u00eb fjal\u00eb. N\u00eb debatin e ngritur u p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb disa nga emrat m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb fush\u00ebs s\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn kishin punuar n\u00eb po t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat institucione.<\/span><\/p>\n

Anne Kruger, ish-drejtoresh\u00eb menaxhuese e FMN-s\u00eb dhe shefe p\u00ebr ekonomi n\u00eb Bank\u00ebn Bot\u00ebrore argumenton se Georgieva duhet t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb institucioneve t\u2019u kthehet kredibiliteti. Sipas saj, raporti i kompanis\u00eb WilmerHale ofron prova t\u00eb mjaftueshme se ka pasur nd\u00ebrhyrje n\u00eb r\u00ebnkimin e Kin\u00ebs n\u00eb indeksin e vitit 2018. Kjo nd\u00ebrhyrje kishte ardhur nga hierarkia e lart\u00eb, duke ndryshuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat dhe duke eksploruar metodologjin\u00eb t\u00eb reja. Pa to, Kina do t\u00eb kishte r\u00ebn\u00eb disa pozita. N\u00eb raport thuhet q\u00eb edhe Banka kishte pasur interesin e vet, pasi n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb priste rritje t\u00eb kapitalit nga p\u00ebrkrahja e Kin\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ndryshimet n\u00eb indeksin e raportit jan\u00eb nj\u00eb loj\u00eb me shum\u00eb zero, pasi p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i pozit\u00ebs n\u00eb indeks p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vend n\u00ebnkupton p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsim t\u00eb pozit\u00ebs p\u00ebr vendin tjet\u00ebr. Si rezultat, vendet me pozit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb indeks jan\u00eb m\u00eb pak atraktive p\u00ebr investimet e huaja dhe dekurajojn\u00eb investimet dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebrit biznes. Paul Romer, ish-shef i ekonomis\u00eb n\u00eb Bank\u00ebn Bot\u00ebrore, kritikon qasjen e p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb raportin e indeksit, pasi ka pasur vazhdimisht ndryshime n\u00eb metodologji, duke u dh\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi orientimit ideologjik dhe politik t\u00eb qeverive. Romer argumentoi p\u00ebr manipulimet q\u00eb jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrmendur vende specifike si Kili. Ky vend p\u00ebrjetoi ndryshime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha duke l\u00ebvizur nga vendi i 25-t\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb 57-t\u00eb, gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs 2006-2017. Manipulimet, sipas Romerit, pretendojn\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsim t\u00eb ambientit t\u00eb biznesit n\u00eb Kili gjat\u00eb qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb majt\u00eb. Paul Romer shkoi edhe m\u00eb larg, duke k\u00ebrkuar falje ndaj Kilit p\u00ebr manipulimet e b\u00ebra.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jayati Ghosh, profesoresh\u00eb e ekonomis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Massachusetts, kritikon ekonomist\u00ebt bot\u00ebror\u00eb p\u00ebr debatin e vonuar n\u00eb lidhje me indeksin e t\u00eb b\u00ebrit biznes. Sipas saj, indeksi do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb maste ambientin n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, por n\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj mat vet\u00ebm rregullat e qeveris\u00eb. Gjithashtu, Ghosh argumenton q\u00eb raporti nuk p\u00ebrfshin \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr investitor\u00ebt si: stabiliteti makroekonomik, koordinimi i politikave, pun\u00ebsimi, krimi, korrupsioni, stabiliteti politik, pabarazia dhe varf\u00ebria. K\u00ebshtu, sa m\u00eb pak rregulla ka nj\u00eb vend, aq m\u00eb lart do t\u00eb ngjitet n\u00eb indeks, pavar\u00ebsisht se nga rregullat mund t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb ambient m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i biznesit. Jayati Ghosh sugjeron q\u00eb Banka duhet t\u2019u k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb falje vendeve n\u00eb zhvillim p\u00ebr d\u00ebmin q\u00eb ua ka shkaktuar me k\u00ebt\u00eb raport.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, fituesi i \u00e7mimit Nobel n\u00eb Ekonomi Joseph Stigliz, zhvillimet e fundit n\u00eb FMN i quan pu\u00e7. Fillimisht, ai rikujton q\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb lloj konsensusi se Kristalina Georgieva kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj pandemis\u00eb. Stigliz analizon n\u00eb detaje raportin e firm\u00ebs WilmerHale, duke i hedhur posht\u00eb shum\u00eb pika. Sipas tij, Kina n\u00eb vitin 2018 \u2013 vit kur pretendohet nd\u00ebrhyrja e Georgiev\u00ebs \u2013 ka t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn pozit\u00eb n\u00eb indeks krahasuar me vitin paraprak. Pastaj, at\u00eb q\u00eb raporti e quan si presion ndaj sh\u00ebrbyesve civil\u00eb t\u00eb bank\u00ebs, Stigliz e p\u00ebrshkruan si k\u00ebrkes\u00eb apo lutje q\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb kujdes q\u00eb numrat t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb sakt\u00eb. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, shefi i ekonomis\u00eb n\u00eb Bank\u00eb, i cili ishte p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr mbik\u00ebqyrjen e raportit, deklaroi se asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk kishte pasur presion nga Georgieva.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pretendimeve t\u00eb raportit se pozita e Kin\u00ebs n\u00eb indeks u favorizua p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb kapitalit t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs, Stigliz u p\u00ebrgjigjet duke argumentuar se Kina kishte shprehur interesim dhe ishte entuziaste t\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahte Bank\u00ebn me kapital prej koh\u00ebsh; nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, ShBA-ja n\u00ebn administrat\u00ebn Trump kishte filluar hezitimet.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edhe ekonomisti i famsh\u00ebm Jeffery Sachs doli n\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahje t\u00eb Gerogiev\u00ebs, duke e quajtur skandalin histeria anti-Kin\u00eb. Argumenti qendror i Sachs \u00ebsht\u00eb se p\u00ebr Kongresin Amerikan, Gerogieva nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb armik i p\u00ebrbetuar i Kin\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb histeris\u00eb anti-Kin\u00eb. Sachs sugjeron q\u00eb n\u00ebse qeveria amerikane e largon Gerogiev\u00ebn, do t\u00eb provonte q\u00eb FMN-ja \u00ebsht\u00eb institucion i kontrolluar nga ta, ku vendet e tjera nuk kan\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm vend dhe duhet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb shtigje t\u00eb tjera.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ish-shef i ekonomis\u00eb n\u00eb Bank\u00ebn Bot\u00ebrore dhe profesor n\u00eb Universitetin Cornell, Kaushik Basu, p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb debat duke shikuar p\u00ebrpara. Ai sugjeron q\u00eb t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohet momenti nga pezullimi i indeksit dhe t\u00eb adresohen mang\u00ebsit\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillohet nj\u00eb raport m\u00eb i mir\u00eb. Ai e pranon q\u00eb shtetet gjithmon\u00eb kan\u00eb lobuar p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar pozit\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb indeks, por k\u00ebto lobime kan\u00eb qen\u00eb pa efekt. Ai lavd\u00ebron Bank\u00ebn p\u00ebr procesin transparent t\u00eb hetimeve dhe veprimet e nd\u00ebrmarra, duke e quajtur vendimin p\u00ebr suspendimin e raportit si t\u00eb kuptuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr situat\u00ebn aktuale. Basu jep tri propozime p\u00ebr zhvillimin e Raportit t\u00eb ri t\u00eb t\u00eb B\u00ebrit Biznes.<\/span><\/p>\n

E para, Banka duhet t\u00eb filloj\u00eb t\u00eb mbledh\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna de-fakto p\u00ebr vendet, duke observuar ndryshimet n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb monitorimit t\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb rregullave. Kjo, natyrisht, do t\u00eb krijonte kosto shtes\u00eb nga anketat e nevojshme. Pastaj, profesor Basu sugjeron q\u00eb raporti duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbaj\u00eb informata p\u00ebr ligjet e pun\u00ebs dhe zbatimin e tyre. Dhe, n\u00eb fundit, raporti i ri duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb indikator\u00eb q\u00eb tregojn\u00eb sa i drejt\u00eb dhe fer \u00ebsht\u00eb ambienti i biznesit n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Raporti i t\u00eb B\u00ebrit Biznes i Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga dokumentet m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura nga politik\u00ebb\u00ebr\u00ebsit, analist\u00ebt dhe studiuesit, n\u00eb pothuajse secilin vend t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Q\u00ebllimi kryesor i k\u00ebtij dokumenti \u00ebsht\u00eb raportimi p\u00ebr rregullat si: procedurat ligjore, koha e pritjes, kostot e fillimit t\u00eb biznesit, efi\u00e7ienca e gjyq\u00ebsorit, energjia, etj. K\u00ebto rregulla shihen si […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":10367,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1231,1233],"ppma_author":[1012],"class_list":["post-4398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-banka-boterore","tag-fmn"],"authors":[{"term_id":1012,"user_id":441,"is_guest":0,"slug":"albian-krasniqi","display_name":"Albian Krasniqi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Krasniqi","first_name":"Albian","description":"Albian Krasniqi \u00ebsht\u00eb kandidat p\u00ebr doktoratur\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin Teknologjik t\u00eb Dublinit, duke u specializuar p\u00ebr tregun e pun\u00ebs. Paraprakisht ka mbaruar studimet master p\u00ebr ekonomi t\u00eb zhvillimit, n\u00eb Universitetin e Sussexit, n\u00eb Angli. Albiani ka p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb pune si ekonomist n\u00eb institucionet vendore dhe organizatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/441"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4398"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10368,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4398\/revisions\/10368"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4398"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}