{"id":4409,"date":"2015-09-15T14:30:00","date_gmt":"2015-09-15T12:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4409"},"modified":"2024-12-23T16:10:33","modified_gmt":"2024-12-23T14:10:33","slug":"sistemi-inovativ-kombetar-mangesite-dhe-mundesite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/opinion\/sistemi-inovativ-kombetar-mangesite-dhe-mundesite\/","title":{"rendered":"Sistemi inovativ komb\u00ebtar – mang\u00ebsit\u00eb dhe mund\u00ebsit\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Sistemi Inovativ Komb\u00ebtar (SIK) \u00ebsht\u00eb rrjedha e t\u00ebr\u00ebsishme e teknologjis\u00eb dhe informatave mes njer\u00ebzve, nd\u00ebrmarrjeve dhe institucioneve, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb ky\u00e7 p\u00ebr procesin inovativ n\u00eb nivel vendi. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, inovacioni dhe zhvillimi i teknologjis\u00eb jan\u00eb rezultat i nj\u00eb grupi kompleks t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve mes aktor\u00ebve n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem t\u00eb nd\u00ebrthurur. Q\u00eb t\u00eb arrihet forcimi i SIK n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend, duhet t\u00eb adaptohen politika t\u00eb caktuara zhvillimore; t\u00eb investohet n\u00eb kapacitete njer\u00ebzore dhe hulumtim, si dhe t\u00eb stimulohet bashk\u00ebpunimi n\u00eb mes t\u00eb kompanive private, qendrave t\u00eb hulumtimit dhe institucioneve shtet\u00ebrore. Ky bashk\u00ebpunim n\u00eb zhargonin shkencor \u00ebsht\u00eb i njohur edhe si \u201ctriple helix\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kosova ballafaqohet me sfida t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr t\u00eb forcuar dhe konsoliduar k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem inovativ, sidomos n\u00eb sektorin e prodhimit. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb ajo duhet t\u2019i p\u00ebrshtatet rrethanave bashk\u00ebkohore ekonomike dhe teknologjike; t\u00eb integrohet m\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb globale dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb t\u2019i p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb standardet e jetes\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb rris\u00eb pun\u00ebsimin q\u00eb mbetet barr\u00eb ky\u00e7e. Disa prej kufizimeve kryesore n\u00eb kapacitetin inovativ t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs<\/a> jan\u00eb:<\/span><\/p>\n

Kapacitetet njer\u00ebzore t\u00eb pamjaftueshme p\u00ebr transferimin e teknologjis\u00eb, hulumtimit dhe inovacionit, si\u00e7 pasqyrohet n\u00eb numrin e vog\u00ebl t\u00eb t\u00eb diplomuarve n\u00eb shkenc\u00eb dhe teknologji (S&T), dhe shum\u00eb pak studiues q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb fusha m\u00eb prioritet p\u00ebr zhvillimin ekonomik.<\/span><\/p>\n

Infrastruktura e vjet\u00ebruar n\u00eb shkolla, universitete dhe qendra k\u00ebrkimore, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn e vjet\u00ebruar t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBrain drain\u201d apo humbja e fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore t\u00eb kualifikuar n\u00eb mjedise m\u00eb t\u00eb favorshme jasht\u00eb vendit.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00ebshtimi p\u00ebr t\u2019iu p\u00ebrshtatur nevojave t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb globale dhe nj\u00eb mjedisi ekonomik q\u00eb ndryshon me shpejt\u00ebsi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Integrimi i limituar ekonomik dhe konkurrenca e fort\u00eb kur hyhet n\u00eb tregje t\u00eb reja.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tregu i kufizuar vendor p\u00ebr produkte t\u00eb reja.<\/span><\/p>\n

Paaft\u00ebsia e tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb absorbuar 30.000 t\u00eb diplomuar t\u00eb rinj \u00e7do vit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fat\u00ebkeq\u00ebsisht, k\u00ebto jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb fraksion i mang\u00ebsive dhe kjo list\u00eb mund t\u00eb zgjerohet edhe shum\u00eb m\u00eb gjat\u00eb. Natyrisht se diferenca e madhe midis eksportit dhe importit \u00ebsht\u00eb kufizim themelor p\u00ebr rritjen e ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Kosova eksporton p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht 10 her\u00eb m\u00eb pak sesa importon. N\u00eb tregun rajonal dhe n\u00eb tregun e Bashkimit Evropian, Kosova konkurron me vendet e tjera t\u00eb Ballkanit dhe t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Lindore, t\u00eb cilat jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb kan\u00eb sektore m\u00eb t\u00eb forta eksportuese, por edhe nj\u00eb klim\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr investime q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb element esencial p\u00ebr t\u00ebrheqjen e kapitalit t\u00eb huaj.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kaq sa i p\u00ebrket dob\u00ebsive t\u00eb shumta t\u00eb SIK t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Sigurisht q\u00eb kritikat jan\u00eb pa asnj\u00eb vler\u00eb, kur ato nuk shoq\u00ebrohen nga alternativa konkrete. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb le t\u00eb shohim tani s\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb ka shkuar mir\u00eb dhe t\u00eb japim disa rekomandime, edhe pse p\u00ebr k\u00ebto probleme nuk ka nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb vetme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb gj\u00eb duksh\u00ebm pozitive ka qen\u00eb performanca ekonomike e Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebrball\u00eb nj\u00eb krize ekonomike globale me p\u00ebmasa shkat\u00ebrruese. Rritja mesatare e GDP-s\u00eb reale n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb q\u00eb nga 2006 ka qen\u00eb pothuajse gjithmon\u00eb mbi 4.5 %, nd\u00ebrsa gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb GDP\u2019ja p\u00ebr kok\u00eb banori<\/a> \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 30%. Edhe pse k\u00ebto shifra mbesin m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebtat kur krahasohen me rajonin, n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb ka p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb mjedisin e biznesit. Kjo reflektohet edhe n\u00eb raportin \u201cDoing Bussiness\u201d t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb raport, Kosova k\u00ebt\u00eb vit radhitet n\u00eb vendin 81 <\/a>nga 185 ekonomi gjithsej. Kjo sh\u00ebnon nj\u00eb ngritje p\u00ebr 36 vende, q\u00eb nga viti 2012.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si nj\u00eb shembull i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, sektori i teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb informimit dhe komunikimit (TIK) n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb ka p\u00ebrjetuar nj\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm q\u00eb nga viti 1999. Nga t\u00eb qenit pothuajse inekzistente 10 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb, kompanit\u00eb kosovare n\u00eb TIK tani ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve<\/a> \u00a0p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt e tyre lokal\u00eb, si dhe p\u00ebr shum\u00eb kompani t\u00eb huaja. N\u00eb epok\u00ebn e digjitalizimit, Kosova duhet ta p\u00ebrdor\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb si nj\u00eb avantazh me potencial t\u00eb madh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rekomandimet p\u00ebr t\u00eb forcuar sistemin inovativ n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb shumta, mir\u00ebpo un\u00eb po i p\u00ebrmendi disa q\u00eb besoj se jan\u00eb vendimtare p\u00ebr ngritjen e q\u00ebndrushme t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb vendit:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Zhvillimi njer\u00ebzor – njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb komponenca me e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e zhvillimit komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb nj\u00eb vendit. M\u00eb popullat\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb re n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, Kosova duhet t\u00eb fokusohet tek fuqizimi i popullit t\u00eb saj. Duhet t\u00eb investohet n\u00eb zhvillimit e njohurive dhe shkatht\u00ebsive t\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve. Kjo do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrparim tek t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sektor\u00ebt. V\u00ebmendje e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb duhet t’i kushtohet edukimit t\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve n\u00eb fushat e shkenc\u00ebs dhe teknologjis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Infrastruktura adekuate – Kosova ka nevoj\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar investime nga jasht\u00eb dhe qasje n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb globale. Tani p\u00ebr tani, kompanit\u00eb kosovare nuk jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb t\u00eb konkurrojn\u00eb me kompanit\u00eb e huaja si n\u00eb tregun e jasht\u00ebm ashtu edhe n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm. Sistemi i vjet\u00ebruar i energjis\u00eb elektrike p\u00ebrmendet gjithmon\u00eb si nj\u00eb prej pengesave kryesore p\u00ebr bizneset dhe qytetar\u00ebt. Me gjith\u00eb shqet\u00ebsimet e ambientalist\u00ebve, Kosov\u00ebs i nevojitet nj\u00eb termocentral i ri elektrik q\u00eb do t\u00eb siguronte furnizim t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm. Bile duke qen\u00eb m\u00eb efikas, ky central ka gjasa ta ruaj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb ambientin sesa central\u00ebt e st\u00ebrvjetruara q\u00eb e degradojn\u00eb ambientin dhe e humbasin n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Hulumtimi dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat – Mungesa e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave baz\u00eb q\u00eb lidhen me inovacionin e kufizojn\u00eb analiz\u00ebn dhe hartimin e politikave adekuate zhvillimore. Qeveria dhe kompanit\u00eb private duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb si q\u00ebllim t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb kushtet p\u00ebr hulumtim dhe t\u00eb vendosin qendra k\u00ebrkimore t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruara n\u00eb k\u00ebrkimin dhe zhvillimin e inovacionit dhe t\u00eb tekonlogjis\u00eb. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb komunikimi midis qeveris\u00eb, kompanive private dhe instituteve k\u00ebrkimore l\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar. N\u00eb rastin ideal kjo do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb triple-helix t\u00eb lartp\u00ebrmendur, nd\u00ebrsa bizneset \u201cstartup\u201d do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb organizoheshin n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb inkubator\u00ebve.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr fund, ekonomit\u00eb e Hong Kongut, Kores\u00eb s\u00eb Jugut, Singaporit dhe Tajvanit citohen si \u201cmrekulli zhvillimore\u201d p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb investimeve t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb arsim dhe teknologji. Natyrisht q\u00eb koha dhe rrethanat kur k\u00ebto ekonomi jan\u00eb ngritur dallojn\u00eb shum\u00eb, mir\u00ebpo Kosova mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitoj\u00eb nga praktikat e mira ekonomike t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb tjera. \u00cbsht\u00eb evidente q\u00eb bota b\u00ebhet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb e globalizuar dhe konkurrenca \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb n\u00eb rritje. Vendet e vogla si Kosova q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb dalje n\u00eb det dhe kan\u00eb resurse t\u00eb kufizuara, me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb atyre minerale, duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn t\u00eb \u201czgjuara\u201d q\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb avantazh n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mjedis.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sistemi Inovativ Komb\u00ebtar (SIK) \u00ebsht\u00eb rrjedha e t\u00ebr\u00ebsishme e teknologjis\u00eb dhe informatave mes njer\u00ebzve, nd\u00ebrmarrjeve dhe institucioneve, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb ky\u00e7 p\u00ebr procesin inovativ n\u00eb nivel vendi. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, inovacioni dhe zhvillimi i teknologjis\u00eb jan\u00eb rezultat i nj\u00eb grupi kompleks t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve mes aktor\u00ebve n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem t\u00eb nd\u00ebrthurur. Q\u00eb t\u00eb arrihet forcimi i […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":11411,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[664,2178],"ppma_author":[73],"class_list":["post-4409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-kosovo","tag-sik"],"authors":[{"term_id":73,"user_id":64,"is_guest":0,"slug":"bujar-aruqaj","display_name":"Bujar Aruqaj","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-4-2.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-4-2.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Aruqaj","first_name":"Bujar","description":"Bujar Aruqaj \u00ebsht\u00eb hulumtues i shkencave sociale dhe aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb duke ndjekur studimet e doktorat\u00ebs n\u00eb Universitetin Humboldt n\u00eb Berlin. P\u00ebr shum\u00eb vite ka punuar n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, n\u00eb organizata t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile, kryesisht n\u00eb fushat e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrfshirjes sociale, arsimit dhe t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut. Ai ka p\u00ebrfunduar studimet Bachelor n\u00eb Shkenca Politike n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs dhe ato Master n\u00eb Zhvillimin Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar nga Universiteti i Denverit n\u00eb ShBA. Fushat e tij t\u00eb ekspertiz\u00ebs dhe interesit p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb Zhvillimin Njer\u00ebzor dhe Ekonomin\u00eb Zhvillimore, si dhe Kohezionin Social dhe Identitetin."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4409","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/64"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4409"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4409\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11575,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4409\/revisions\/11575"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11411"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4409"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4409"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4409"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4409"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}