{"id":4423,"date":"2021-10-01T10:21:46","date_gmt":"2021-10-01T08:21:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4423"},"modified":"2024-11-12T15:21:19","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T13:21:19","slug":"grate-si-ndermarrese-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/opinion\/grate-si-ndermarrese-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Grat\u00eb si nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Pjes\u00ebmarrja e lart\u00eb e grave n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, qoft\u00eb si pun\u00ebtore apo si nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse, \u00ebsht\u00eb parakusht p\u00ebr zhvillimin ekonomik t\u00eb nj\u00eb vendi. M\u00eb shum\u00eb gra t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuara n\u00ebnkupton, mes t\u00eb tjerash, p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies familjare, ulje t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb si dhe ngritje m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb edukimit. Ndon\u00ebse grat\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, angazhimi i tyre n\u00eb veprimtari ekonomike mbetet i ul\u00ebt n\u00eb krahasim me burrat. Me vet\u00ebm 11.42%, Kosova p\u00ebrballet me nj\u00eb nga normat m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta t\u00eb grave nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse; ndon\u00ebse ka nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim evident p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb fundit, kur krahasohet me nivelin global (37%), kjo norm\u00eb mbetet ende e ul\u00ebt. Si motivues kryesor\u00eb q\u00eb nxisin grat\u00eb drejt hapjes s\u00eb biznesit mbeten sigurimi i nj\u00eb mir\u00ebqenieje m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb si dhe potenciali p\u00ebr fitime financiare.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nd\u00ebrmarrjet n\u00eb pron\u00ebsi t\u00eb grave n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb jan\u00eb kryesisht t\u00eb fokusuara n\u00eb sektorin e sh\u00ebrbimeve, tregtis\u00eb me pakic\u00eb dhe shumic\u00eb, p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb ushqimit, etj. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, nd\u00ebrmarrjet e grave jan\u00eb mikro dhe t\u00eb vogla, dhe shum\u00eb pak nga to jan\u00eb biznese me vler\u00eb t\u00eb shtuar apo potencial t\u00eb rritjes. P\u00ebr nga forma e regjistrimit, nd\u00ebrmarrjet e grave jan\u00eb kryesisht biznese individuale (78.6%), shoq\u00ebri me p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi t\u00eb kufizuar (20.4%), ortak\u00ebri (0.51%) dhe t\u00eb tjera (0.49%). Nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb e till\u00eb e bizneseve n\u00eb pron\u00ebsi t\u00eb grave mund edhe t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndikuar q\u00eb grat\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse t\u00eb ballafaqohen me barriera t\u00eb ndryshme, qoft\u00eb t\u00eb jashtme apo t\u00eb brendshme, si obligimet familjare, kombinuar me munges\u00ebn e qasjes n\u00eb burime t\u00eb financimit. Ndon\u00ebse grat\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse norm\u00ebn e kthimit t\u00eb kredis\u00eb e kan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb sesa burrat, ato p\u00ebrs\u00ebri refuzohen nga bankat.<\/p>\n

Kjo kryesisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb kolateralit, nj\u00eb barrier\u00eb shtes\u00eb kjo me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ballafaqohen grat\u00eb \u2013 mungesa e pron\u00ebs dhe pasuris\u00eb private. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat tregojn\u00eb se vet\u00ebm 21% e grave nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse kan\u00eb n\u00eb pron\u00ebsi lokalet afariste ku ato operojn\u00eb, nd\u00ebrkaq vet\u00ebm 12% e tyre kan\u00eb marr\u00eb kredi n\u00eb institucionet financiare p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb investimeve (Riinvest, 2017). Bazuar n\u00eb hulumtimin e Institutit Riinvest (2017), disa nga barrierat m\u00eb t\u00eb shpeshta me t\u00eb cilat ballafaqohen grat\u00eb jan\u00eb:\u00a0(i)<\/strong>\u00a0barrierat fiskale,<\/strong>\u00a0t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb normat e taksave, efikasitetin e administrat\u00ebs tatimore;\u00a0(ii) barriera e tregut,<\/strong>\u00a0p.sh. tregu i vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr plasimin e produkteve; si dhe\u00a0(iii)<\/strong>\u00a0barrierat financiare e pron\u00ebsore,\u00a0<\/strong>mosposedimi i pron\u00ebs s\u00eb paluajtshme.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu, mungesa e aft\u00ebsive menaxheriale theksohet si nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr barrier\u00eb e listuar nga grat\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse; kjo si pasoj\u00eb e munges\u00ebs s\u00eb njohurive dhe trajnimeve t\u00eb duhura. N\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb e vendeve n\u00eb zhvillim si Kosova, ekzistojn\u00eb paragjykime p\u00ebr grat\u00eb lidhur me aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e tyre menaxhuese, duke mos marr\u00eb parasysh faktin q\u00eb ato nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb koh\u00ebs e shpenzojn\u00eb p\u00ebr kujdesin ndaj familjes.<\/p>\n

Ligji i pun\u00ebs po ashtu mbetet nj\u00eb penges\u00eb shum\u00eb e madhe, sidomos rregullimi i dispozitave t\u00eb pushimit t\u00eb\u00a0 lehonis\u00eb. Balancimi i pun\u00ebs dhe jet\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i pamundur pa nd\u00ebrlidhje t\u00eb politikave publike. Duke e pasur parasysh se p\u00ebr nga natyra grat\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse pun\u00ebsojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gra, ato po ballafaqohen me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi sa i p\u00ebrket pages\u00ebs s\u00eb pushimit t\u00eb lehonis\u00eb. Nj\u00eb situat\u00eb e till\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndryshohet n\u00ebse kjo barr\u00eb ndahet n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ekuilibruar midis sektorit publik, sektorit privat dhe familjeve.<\/p>\n

Zhvillimi i ngadalsh\u00ebm ekonomik me nj\u00eb mjedis jo t\u00eb favorsh\u00ebm dhe mungesa e nj\u00eb angazhimi sistematik nga qeverit\u00eb ka b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb shum\u00eb nga barrierat t\u00eb cilat prekin kryesisht grat\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse t\u00eb mbesin t\u00eb paadresuara. Derisa grat\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse konsiderohen kontribuuese t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb ekonomi, shum\u00eb prej tyre punojn\u00eb ose jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira n\u00eb sektorin joformal, prandaj edhe kontributi i tyre i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb mbetet i paevidentuar. Sidoqoft\u00eb, kjo situat\u00eb ka ndryshuar shum\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb vitit t\u00eb fundit, pasi grat\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse kan\u00eb filluar t\u2019i regjistrojn\u00eb kompanit\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndihmave t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga pakoja emergjente dhe pakoja e rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjes p\u00ebr leht\u00ebsimin e gjendjes se shkaktuar nga situata pandemike n\u00eb vitin 2020. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb 6-mujorin e par\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2020, nga 6000 biznese t\u00eb reja t\u00eb regjistruara n\u00eb ARBK, 21% e tyre kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb regjistruara nga grat\u00eb ku pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha jan\u00eb mikro-nd\u00ebrmarrje.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar pozit\u00ebn e grave n\u00eb ekonomi fillimisht duhet t\u00eb rritet vet\u00ebdijesimi i grave p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebmarrjen e tyre n\u00eb tregun formal. Andaj, nevojitet avokim i vazhduesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e politikave q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me pozit\u00ebn e grave n\u00eb ekonomi. Nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e till\u00eb rekomandohet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmes platformave t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebr synim fuqizimin ekonomik t\u00eb gruas, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0Forumi Ekonomik i Grave<\/em>.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb tutje rekomandohet q\u00eb Qeveria \u00a0ta vazhdoj\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahjen e grave nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse p\u00ebrmes granteve qeveritare si dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i korniz\u00ebs ligjore dhe rregullative, me fokus n\u00eb dispozitat e Ligjit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. Po ashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb tejet i nevojsh\u00ebm nj\u00eb avokim m\u00eb i madh rreth s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs pron\u00ebsore p\u00ebr grat\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ato t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb mund\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb lehta p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb financa. P\u00ebrmes qasjes m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb kredi, bizneset e udh\u00ebhequra nga grat\u00eb do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb rritje t\u00eb prodhimit\/sh\u00ebrbimeve, p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb, si dhe rritje t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. Gjithashtu, duhet t\u00eb punohet n\u00eb standardizimin e produkteve, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb kusht p\u00ebr tregun vendor dhe at\u00eb rajonal. \u00cbsht\u00eb esenciale t\u00eb punohet edhe n\u00eb rrjet\u00ebzimin e nd\u00ebrmarrjeve dhe bashk\u00ebpunimin mes tyre, gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndikonte n\u00eb rritjen e mir\u00ebbesimit n\u00eb mes nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebseve.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb me interes t\u00eb lart\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb organizohen trajnime p\u00ebr riaktivizimin e shkatht\u00ebsive t\u00eb grave t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme, t\u00eb cilat konsiderohen me potencial t\u00eb lart\u00eb pune. Ngritja e shkatht\u00ebsive, qofshin ato udh\u00ebheq\u00ebse, menaxheriale, organizative,\u00a0 t\u00eb marketingut, t\u00eb shitjeve online etj., ndihmon grat\u00eb t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtojn\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e biznesit dhe rrjedhimisht t\u00eb rrisin pjes\u00ebmarrjen e tyre n\u00eb ekonomi.<\/p>\n

Ky editorial \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e projektit \u201cMb\u00ebshtetje n\u00eb zbatimin e Agjend\u00ebs Komb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr Fuqizimin e Grave p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb avokimit\u201d, i implementuar nga Instituti Riinvest dhe i mb\u00ebshtetur nga Projekti Human Rightivism, i financuar nga Agjencia Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare Suedeze p\u00ebr Bashk\u00ebpunim e Zhvillim (SIDA) dhe zbatuar nga Fondi p\u00ebr Zhvillim t\u00eb Komunitetit (CDF).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pjes\u00ebmarrja e lart\u00eb e grave n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, qoft\u00eb si pun\u00ebtore apo si nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse, \u00ebsht\u00eb parakusht p\u00ebr zhvillimin ekonomik t\u00eb nj\u00eb vendi. M\u00eb shum\u00eb gra t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuara n\u00ebnkupton, mes t\u00eb tjerash, p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies familjare, ulje t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb si dhe ngritje m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb edukimit. Ndon\u00ebse grat\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e popullsis\u00eb […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":345,"featured_media":9690,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[357],"class_list":["post-4423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion"],"authors":[{"term_id":357,"user_id":345,"is_guest":0,"slug":"vlera-mati","display_name":"Vlera Mati","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1635930811912.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1635930811912.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Mati","first_name":"Vlera","description":"Vlera Mati ka p\u00ebrfunduar studimet Master n\u00eb Menaxhment n\u00eb Universitetin e Evrop\u00ebs Juglindore, nd\u00ebrsa studimet bachelor n\u00eb Universitetin Staffordshire. Vlera \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e Institutit Riinvest nga viti 2016, ku mban pozit\u00ebn e hulumtueses. P\u00ebrvoja e saj n\u00eb institutin Riinvest \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb shkrimin e raporteve, n\u00eb menaxhimin e projekteve, koordinimin e aktiviteteve t\u00eb projekteve, hartimi i pyet\u00ebsor\u00ebve, hartimi i punimeve t\u00eb k\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb politikave, avokimi p\u00ebr axhenda t\u00eb caktuara zhvillimi, organizimi i debateve, konferencave, trajnimeve etj."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/345"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4423"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10070,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4423\/revisions\/10070"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9690"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4423"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4423"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}