{"id":4498,"date":"2019-02-14T14:22:23","date_gmt":"2019-02-14T12:22:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4498"},"modified":"2025-02-06T14:30:05","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T12:30:05","slug":"nudging-nje-mjet-i-ri-planifikimi-per-ndryshimin-e-sjelljes-njerezore","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/opinion\/nudging-nje-mjet-i-ri-planifikimi-per-ndryshimin-e-sjelljes-njerezore\/","title":{"rendered":"Nudging – nj\u00eb mjet i ri planifikimi p\u00ebr ndryshimin e sjelljes njer\u00ebzore"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nudging (shq. shtytja, nxitja)\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Nudging si koncept i ri, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb term i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i bazuar n\u00eb parimet nga ekonomia e sjelljes si dhe nj\u00eb mjet i dobish\u00ebm n\u00eb vendimmarrje.<\/p>\n

Nudge, ose shtytje n\u00eb shqip, pasqyron kuptimin e termit. Sidoqoft\u00eb, shtytja n\u00eb vetvete nuk p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb aktivitet fizik, por \u00a0aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur sjelljen njer\u00ebzore n\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar. D.m.th. nj\u00eb lloj udh\u00ebzimi kur nj\u00eb individ p\u00ebrballet me situata t\u00eb ndryshme zgjedhjesh.<\/p>\n

Koncepti i nudges dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i tij u zhvillua \u00a0nga laureati i \u00e7mimit Nobel p\u00ebr ekonomi n\u00eb vitin 2017, Richard Thaler. Thaler dhe Sunstein (2008) shkruan s\u00eb bashku librin:\u00a0Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness.<\/strong>\u00a0Nga at\u00ebher\u00eb nudging \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb term i pranuar gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb, ku m\u00ebnyra automatike e t\u00eb menduarit p\u00ebrdoret si nj\u00eb qasje ndaj ndryshimit t\u00eb sjelljes njer\u00ebzore.<\/p>\n

\u201cNj\u00eb nudge (shtytje), si\u00e7 do ta p\u00ebrdorim termin, \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7do aspekt i arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb zgjedhur q\u00eb ndryshon sjelljen e njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb parashikueshme pa ndaluar asnj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi ose duke ndryshuar ndjesh\u00ebm stimujt e tyre ekonomik\u00eb. P\u00ebr ta llogaritur si nj\u00eb shtytje e thjesht\u00eb, nd\u00ebrhyrja duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb e leht\u00eb dhe e lir\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u shmangur. Nudges nuk jan\u00eb mandate. V\u00ebnia e frutave n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ekspozuara ku shihen leht\u00eb, num\u00ebrohet si nj\u00eb shtytje\u201d (Thaler & Sunstein 2008)<\/em><\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb avantazh i madh i nudging \u00ebsht\u00eb mungesa e kufizimeve ose e ndalimeve, duke shmangur k\u00ebshtu detyrimin. Masat shtyt\u00ebse duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb transparente, me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb shmangen dyshimet p\u00ebr manipulime t\u00eb mundshme. N\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme, ekzistojn\u00eb lloje t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb nudges q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm, p\u00ebr shembull sistemet e navigacionit GPS, kalendari i vizitave mjek\u00ebsore ose alarmi p\u00ebr t\u2019u zgjuar \u00e7do m\u00ebngjes.<\/p>\n

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Nudging n\u00eb transport t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm dhe n\u00eb planifikimin urban<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nudging si koncept mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha fushat. Koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit k\u00ebto masa shtyt\u00ebse kan\u00eb gjetur zbatim edhe n\u00eb planifikim fizik, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb transportin dhe planifikimin urban. Shum\u00eb qytete t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, masat shtyt\u00ebse t\u00eb konceptit nudging po i aplikojn\u00eb p\u00ebr ndryshimin e sjelljes s\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve. N\u00eb Suedi, \u00e7do komun\u00eb apo qytet ka plan t\u00eb mobilitetit i cili p\u00ebrtrihet n\u00eb \u00e7do mandat qeveris\u00ebs. S\u00eb fundi koncepti nudging po aplikohet si mas\u00eb ndihm\u00ebse p\u00ebr planet e komunave dhe qyteteve.<\/p>\n

Shembull i mir\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb qyteti i G\u00ebteburgut i cili shtrihet n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn p\u00ebrendimore t\u00eb bregdetit suedez. Qyteti, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 planit t\u00eb mobilitetit dhe planeve tjera, aplikon edhe nudging p\u00ebr ndryshimin e sjelljes s\u00eb banor\u00ebve dhe vizitor\u00ebve. P\u00ebr shembull \u00a0nxitjen e banor\u00ebve q\u00eb n\u00eb vend t\u00eb makinave t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret trafiku urban, shtigjet e bi\u00e7ikletave dhe k\u00ebmb\u00ebsor\u00ebve. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr mas\u00eb shtyt\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe fleksibiliteti i blerjes s\u00eb biletave p\u00ebr trafik urban. Biletat mund t\u00eb blehen n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet aplikacioneve t\u00eb ndryshme nga telefonat e men\u00e7ur, apo n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet internetit. Biletat mund t\u00eb transferohen nga nj\u00eb person n\u00eb personin tjet\u00ebr n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet aplikacioneve t\u00eb ndryshme. Shpeshher\u00eb, qyteti dhe kompanit\u00eb e trafikut urban ofrojn\u00eb bileta falas p\u00ebr qytetar\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i nxisin qytetar\u00ebt q\u00eb n\u00eb vend t\u00eb makin\u00ebs t\u2019i p\u00ebrdorin linjat urbane. Gjat\u00eb organizimeve sportive, kulturore, aranzhuesit n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb biletave, ofrojn\u00eb edhe udh\u00ebtimin n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet linjave urbane.<\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb mas\u00eb tjet\u00ebr nxit\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe nd\u00ebrtimi i shtigjeve t\u00eb bi\u00e7ikletave jasht\u00eb\u00a0 \u00a0 konturave t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb p\u00ebr makinat si dhe ngjyrosja e tyre me\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 ngjyra t\u00eb ndryshme atraktive. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, n\u00eb vendet ku ka kryq\u00ebzime t\u00eb\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 trotuareve dhe bi\u00e7iklistave me rrug\u00ebt e makinave, semafor\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0 \u00a0 sinkronizuar n\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00ebsor\u00ebve dhe bi\u00e7iklistave n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ata\u00a0 mos t\u00eb presin shum\u00eb gjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Di\u00e7itur\u00eb e fotos:\u00a0Ju lutem hidhni filtrat e cigares n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shport\u00eb. P\u00ebllumbat po provojn\u00eb ta l\u00ebn\u00eb duhanin!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr masat nxit\u00ebse, e cila edhe \u00ebsht\u00eb fituese e nj\u00eb \u00e7mimi nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr qytetet e past\u00ebrta, \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe nudging p\u00ebr vendosjen e shportave dhe shenjave informuese p\u00ebr hedhjen e filtrave t\u00eb cigareve. Si rezultat, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr, sasia e filtrave t\u00eb cigareve t\u00eb hedhura n\u00eb tok\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar n\u00eb mbi 70%.<\/p>\n

—-<\/p>\n

– Thaler, R. H., och Sunstein, C. R. (2008).\u00a0Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness<\/em>. London: Penguin Books Ltd.<\/p>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Nudging (shq. shtytja, nxitja)\u00a0 Nudging si koncept i ri, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb term i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i bazuar n\u00eb parimet nga ekonomia e sjelljes si dhe nj\u00eb mjet […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":522,"featured_media":12398,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[2450,2449],"ppma_author":[1582],"class_list":["post-4498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-mjet-i-ri","tag-nudging"],"authors":[{"term_id":1582,"user_id":522,"is_guest":0,"slug":"arben-vojvoda","display_name":"Arben Vojvoda","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/arben-vojvoda-e1730218548954.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/arben-vojvoda-e1730218548954.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Vojvoda","first_name":"Arben","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4498","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/522"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4498"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4498\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12399,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4498\/revisions\/12399"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4498"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4498"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}