{"id":4541,"date":"2021-07-05T13:22:41","date_gmt":"2021-07-05T11:22:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4541"},"modified":"2024-10-23T11:00:53","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T09:00:53","slug":"si-te-permiresohet-programi-qeveritar-pa-kosto-shtese-pjesa-ii-ekonomia-dhe-zhvillimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/opinion\/si-te-permiresohet-programi-qeveritar-pa-kosto-shtese-pjesa-ii-ekonomia-dhe-zhvillimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Si t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet programi qeveritar pa kosto shtes\u00eb (pjesa II): Ekonomia dhe zhvillimi"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

N\u00eb shkrimin e kaluar fola p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyrat se si mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet programi qeveritar pa shtuar kostot. Aty thash\u00eb se m\u00ebnyra kryesore si t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet programi \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrthurjes dhe integrimit (mainstreaming) t\u00eb gjasht\u00eb fushave n\u00eb sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb sektor\u00eb t\u00eb politik\u00ebb\u00ebrjes: T\u00eb mirat publike, Industrializimi, prodhimi dhe eksporti, Meritokracia, Diaspora, Bashk\u00ebpunimi me Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb, dhe Interneti.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Gjithashtu theksova se duhet njohur fakti se disa fusha nd\u00ebrlidhen ngusht\u00eb me nj\u00ebra tjetr\u00ebn duke krijuar nyje (neksuse) t\u00eb politikave publike si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00eb ballafaqimi me pandemin\u00eb. K\u00ebtu do t\u00eb flas\u00eb p\u00ebr disa politika konkrete n\u00eb fusha t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndryshohen pa kosto (e ku disa mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb kosto t\u00eb vogla e disa tjera mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb edhe fitimprur\u00ebse).<\/p>\n

Pandemia dhe rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbja ekonomike<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari, sa i p\u00ebrket ndihm\u00ebs direkte p\u00ebr familjet q\u00eb kan\u00eb humbur kryefamiljarin ose burimin e financimit, si pasoj\u00eb e humbjes s\u00eb jet\u00ebs nga pandemia, kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet duke shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb pako me produkte vendore. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb linj\u00eb m\u00eb q\u00ebllimet p\u00ebr t\u00eb forcuar industrin\u00eb vendore. Nj\u00eb opsion tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb edhe teknologjin\u00eb e lart\u00eb ku jepet nj\u00eb kartel\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr shpenzime vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr produkte vendore, sipas modelit jugkorean. Kjo mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb edhe zbatim afatgjat\u00eb p\u00ebr skema t\u00eb ndryshme sociale.<\/p>\n

Te rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbja ekonomike, krijimi i vendeve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe zhvillimi ekonomik,t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb fond p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilit shteti investon si investitor engj\u00ebll (angel investor) n\u00eb biznese t\u00eb reja (start up). Kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmes ICK-s\u00eb dhe poashtu si pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb fushate p\u00ebr ta nxitur edhe kapitalin privat t\u00eb veperoj\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pra p\u00ebr biznese t\u00eb reja q\u00eb konsiderohen me interes p\u00ebr shtetin, shteti mund t\u00eb investoj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebhet bashk\u00ebpronar. Sa i p\u00ebrket zhvillimit rajonal, mund t\u00eb formohen m\u00eb shum\u00eb agjenci t\u00eb zhvillimit rajonal, si dhe euroregjione ku p\u00ebrfshihen zonat e shteteve tjera, si\u00e7 do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb euroregjion p\u00ebr zhvillimin e turizmit t\u00eb alpeve shqiptare.<\/p>\n

Politikat fiskale<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sa i perket politikave fiskale, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb ngritjes s\u00eb pragut t\u00eb pag\u00ebs q\u00eb nuk tatohet n\u00eb nivelin e pag\u00ebs minimale, mund t\u00eb lihet pragu aty ku \u00ebsht\u00eb, por t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohet shkalla e par\u00eb e tatimit n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje simbolike. Kjo b\u00ebhet p\u00ebr shkak se \u00ebsht\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi q\u00eb sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin tatimor, p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb shtetnd\u00ebrtimit. Gjithashtu duhet t\u00eb konsiderohen tatimet n\u00eb eksport t\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebve t\u00eb para, tatimi i pasuris\u00eb, dhe tatimi i tok\u00ebs bujq\u00ebsore p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur prodhimin e kulturave profitabile.<\/p>\n

Investimet kapitale p\u00ebr zhvillim<\/strong><\/p>\n

Te planifikimi i integruar duhet zhvilluar indeksin e treguesve vendor\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillimit n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me sektorin akademik. Sa i p\u00ebrket pik\u00ebs ku thuhet se do t\u00eb themelojm\u00eb Bank\u00ebn Zhvillimore t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, k\u00ebtu mund t\u00eb themelohet edhe fondi zhvillimor si di\u00e7ka e p\u00ebrkohshme e q\u00eb mund t\u00eb bashk\u00ebjetoj\u00eb me bank\u00ebn m\u00eb von\u00eb. Ky do t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbente p\u00ebr intervenime m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejta p\u00ebr t\u2019u ballafaquar me pandemin\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar kohezionin social me investime n\u00eb zona multientike si pjes\u00eb e strategjis\u00eb s\u00eb dialogut t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Dalim te pika ku programi thot\u00eb \u201ct\u00eb sigurohemi q\u00eb kapitali i m\u00ebrgat\u00ebs son\u00eb t\u00eb kanalizohet n\u00eb investime q\u00eb krijojn\u00eb vende pune\u201d. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 emetimit t\u00eb bonove t\u00eb thesarit t\u00eb dedikuara p\u00ebr m\u00ebrgat\u00ebn, duhet studiuar m\u00ebnyrat e mundshme t\u00eb konvertimit t\u00eb pages\u00ebs p\u00ebr sigurim n\u00eb pages\u00eb q\u00eb shkon n\u00eb nj\u00eb fond t\u00eb m\u00ebrgat\u00ebs. Kjo gj\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet n\u00eb konsultim me diaspor\u00ebn dhe ky fond do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb drejtonte investimet n\u00eb fusha q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen bashk\u00eb me diaspor\u00ebn (si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shembull turizmi kulturor).<\/p>\n

Sa i p\u00ebrket zhvillimit t\u00eb politikave industriale dhe tregtare, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrpilohet nj\u00eb Marr\u00ebveshje e madhe (Grand bargain) mes industris\u00eb, shtetit dhe shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile (sindikatave). Kjo marr\u00ebveshje n\u00ebnkupton ndihm\u00ebn e shtetit p\u00ebr industrin\u00eb, n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs t\u00eb sigurta dhe me paga t\u00eb mira si dhe pagimit t\u00eb tatimeve.<\/p>\n

Teknologjia e bujq\u00ebsia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Me fokus n\u00eb sektor\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, ka potencial p\u00ebr zhvillim m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb te zhvillimi i infrastruktur\u00ebs dhe kapaciteteve t\u00eb TIK duke zgjeruar sh\u00ebrbimet e internetit t\u00eb Telekomit (broadband), si dhe duke nxitur prodhimin i hardware-it n\u00eb vend, n\u00eb linj\u00eb me promovimin e prodhimit vendor.<\/p>\n

Dihet tashm\u00eb potenciali i sektorit p\u00ebr outsourcing dhe duhet fokus m\u00eb i madh n\u00eb leht\u00ebsimin e k\u00ebtij fenomeni. Dhe n\u00eb sektorin e mbrojtjes duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb fokus m\u00eb t\u00eb madh te mbrojtja kibernetike duke krijuar nj\u00eb departament t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me DARPA-n amerikane i cili edhe do t\u2019i ndihmonte sektorit TIK.<\/p>\n

Kurse n\u00eb sektor\u00ebt si bujq\u00ebsia, pylltaria dhe zhvillimi rural, duhet t\u00eb promovohet agro-pylltaria, duke ditur resurset ekzistuese n\u00eb vend. Poashtu duhet t\u00eb mirren iniciativa p\u00ebr t\u2019i shpallur persona ligjor\u00eb resurset si lumenjt\u00eb, malet, pyjet e kullosat e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta, me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb mbrojtjes m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb si nga degradimet ashtu edhe nga ndryshimet klimatike (kjo lidhet edhe me fush\u00ebn e mjedisit).<\/p>\n

Kurse, tek zhvillimi rural, duhet p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe ndihma p\u00ebr industri rurale, q\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb zgjerimi i kapacitetit p\u00ebrpunues t\u00eb produkteve bujq\u00ebsore. Kurse sa i p\u00ebrket sektorit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb duhet t\u00eb leht\u00ebsohet qasja n\u00eb tregun energjetik t\u00eb prodhuesve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb alternative.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb shkrimin e kaluar fola p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyrat se si mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet programi qeveritar pa shtuar kostot. Aty thash\u00eb se m\u00ebnyra kryesore si t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet programi \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrthurjes dhe integrimit (mainstreaming) t\u00eb gjasht\u00eb fushave n\u00eb sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb sektor\u00eb t\u00eb politik\u00ebb\u00ebrjes: T\u00eb mirat publike, Industrializimi, prodhimi dhe eksporti, Meritokracia, Diaspora, Bashk\u00ebpunimi me Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb, dhe […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":8396,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[691],"ppma_author":[29],"class_list":["post-4541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-economy"],"authors":[{"term_id":29,"user_id":19,"is_guest":0,"slug":"seb-bytyci","display_name":"Seb Byty\u00e7i","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1668771566235.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1668771566235.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Byty\u00e7i","first_name":"Seb","description":"Dr. Seb Bytyci ka p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebse n\u00eb hulumtim shkencor dhe m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnie p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy dekada, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb angazhime me University of London\/LSE, University of York, University of Winchester, William College, IPOL Institute, si dhe Police Federation of England and Wales. Ai ka qen\u00eb gjithashtu i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb avokim praktik dhe ka bashk\u00ebpunuar me organizata nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare si OKB, UNDP dhe OSBE.\r\n\r\nSeb ka doktoratur\u00eb (PhD) nga University of York; nj\u00eb Master n\u00eb Administrat\u00eb Publike (MPA) n\u00eb Analiz\u00eb Politikash dhe \u00c7\u00ebshtje Krahasuese & Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare nga Indiana University (Bloomington), si dhe nj\u00eb MES n\u00eb Integrim Evropian dhe Rajonaliz\u00ebm nga University of Graz\/EIPA\/EURAC.\r\n\r\nHulumtimi i tij i doktoratur\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb fokusuar n\u00eb institucionet n\u00eb vende n\u00eb tranzicion, nd\u00ebrsa fushat e tij t\u00eb interesit p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e institucioneve efektive dhe lidershipin, \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e BE-s\u00eb dhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, zgjidhjen e konflikteve, shtetin zhvillimor dhe proceset e transformimit shoq\u00ebror."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4541","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4541"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4541\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8910,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4541\/revisions\/8910"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4541"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4541"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4541"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4541"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}