{"id":4745,"date":"2021-03-09T12:08:02","date_gmt":"2021-03-09T10:08:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4745"},"modified":"2025-01-17T12:15:16","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T10:15:16","slug":"si-u-mbijetuan-bankat-ne-kosove-dy-krizave-globale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/si-u-mbijetuan-bankat-ne-kosove-dy-krizave-globale\/","title":{"rendered":"Si u mbijetuan bankat n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dy krizave globale"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n

Bankat n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb konsiderohen si shembulli m\u00eb i suksessh\u00ebm i investimeve t\u00eb huaja n\u00eb vend n\u00eb 20 vitet e fundit, meq\u00eb 9 nga 11 bankat e licencuara jan\u00eb formuar me kapital t\u00eb huaj. Sektori bankar n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb u desh t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohej nga e para:\u00a0 infrastruktura, teknologjia, sjellja e know-how, p\u00ebrgatitja e burimeve njer\u00ebzore, etj. Sektori bankar shpeshher\u00eb ka marr\u00eb l\u00ebvdata p\u00ebr stabilitetin, q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb, funksionimin pa borxhe dhe tejkalimin e sfidave tjera jasht\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb bankave dhe jasht\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnies me kredimarr\u00ebsit.<\/p>\n

Modeli biznesor i bankave n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i thjesht\u00eb dhe konservativ. I thjesht\u00eb, sepse bankat financohen nga depozitat vendore dhe l\u00ebshojn\u00eb kredi huamarr\u00ebsve n\u00eb vend. Pjesa e mbetur e fondeve (aseteve) t\u00eb bankave diversifikohet n\u00eb investime me rrezik t\u00eb ul\u00ebt dhe p\u00ebrfitimin minimal, si\u00a0 letra me vler\u00eb dhe depozita n\u00eb bankat e huaja. Konservativ, sepse bankat n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb kryesisht kreditojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm bizneset \u2018e mira\u2019, pra t\u00eb mbimbuluara me kolateral dhe me kthyeshm\u00ebri t\u00eb rregullt t\u00eb k\u00ebsteve dhe preferojn\u00eb bizneset e m\u00ebdha, q\u00eb zakonisht kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb kolateral n\u00eb dispozion dhe kan\u00eb gjendje m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb financiare. N\u00eb sjelljen konservative mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndikuar edhe mungesa e fondeve siguruese (safety nets) deri n\u00eb vitin 2011, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht 2016, dhe kufizimi i politik\u00ebs monetare p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb euroizimit t\u00eb nj\u00ebansh\u00ebm nga ana e Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Bankat n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb investime me rrezik dhe n\u00eb instrumente komplekse, meq\u00eb edhe me k\u00ebt\u00eb model n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb realizojn\u00eb profite solide dhe n\u00eb disa raste edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se bankat e tyre am\u00eb n\u00eb vendet e zhvilluara evropiane. T\u00eb hyrat kryesore realizohen nga ark\u00ebtimi i interest n\u00eb kredi. Normat e interest n\u00eb kredi, ndon\u00ebse n\u00eb vitet e fundit kan\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar trend r\u00ebn\u00ebs dhe m\u00eb se jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjysmuar \u2013 duke p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb k\u00ebshtu trendin r\u00ebn\u00ebs n\u00eb nivel evropian dhe global, prap\u00eb mbeten relativisht m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se n\u00eb Eurozon\u00eb dhe rajon.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb, bankat faj\u00ebsojn\u00eb joefikasitetin e tregut dhe institucioneve, si problemet me ekzekutimin e kontratave kreditore, me regjistrin e kadastr\u00ebs dhe rrjedhimisht vler\u00ebsimin e kolateralit, raportimin financiar dhe pages\u00ebs s\u00eb tatimeve prej bizneseve, kultur\u00ebs kredimarr\u00ebse dhe munges\u00ebs s\u00eb projekteve profitabile p\u00ebr investim \u2013 t\u00eb cilat e b\u00ebjn\u00eb procesin kredidh\u00ebn\u00ebs m\u00eb problematik dhe t\u00eb kushtuesh\u00ebm \u2013 duke arsyetuar k\u00ebshtu normat e larta t\u00eb interesit n\u00eb kredi. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, klient\u00ebt faj\u00ebsojn\u00eb bankat se kan\u00eb k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr kolateral, ngarkojn\u00eb kredimarr\u00ebsit me norma t\u00eb larta t\u00eb interesit dhe me k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb shumta administrative, l\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs p\u00ebr kredi t\u00eb pap\u00ebrmbushur dhe dekurajojn\u00eb aplikuesit e tjer\u00eb potencial.<\/p>\n

Jan\u00eb disa arsye q\u00eb mund t\u00eb sqarojn\u00eb pozicionin dhe sjelljen e bankave n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. S\u00eb pari, bankat dominojn\u00eb tregun financiar n\u00eb vend, pra jan\u00eb financuesi kryesor i kredive p\u00ebr individ\u00ebt dhe bizneset, prandaj manifestojn\u00eb fuqi tregu (nga ana e aseteve n\u00eb bilancin e gjendjes) n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e sasis\u00eb s\u00eb kredive q\u00eb l\u00ebshojn\u00eb dhe \u00e7mimet e tyre (normat e interesit), duke realizuar fitime relativisht t\u00eb larta.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti, fuqia e tregut nga ana e aseteve u mund\u00ebson bankave t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb ekskluzivitetin e informacionit (p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt depozitues dhe kredimarr\u00ebs) dhe ankesat rreth d\u00ebshtimeve institucionale p\u00ebr t\u00eb arsyetuar normat e larta t\u00eb interest dhe mbimbulueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e kredive me kolateral \u2013 madje edhe p\u00ebr kredimarr\u00ebsit \u2018e mir\u00eb\u2019, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb profiti i tyre rezulton m\u00eb i lart\u00eb se n\u00eb rajonin e zhvilluar t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa rreziku kreditor \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i ul\u00ebti n\u00eb Eurozon\u00eb e rajon. Prandaj, normat e larta t\u00eb interest nuk reflektojn\u00eb rreziqet aktuale n\u00eb vend. S\u00eb treti, meqen\u00ebse bankat jan\u00eb t\u00eb vetmet institucione financiare q\u00eb pranojn\u00eb depozita n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, klient\u00ebt nuk kan\u00eb alternativa tjera depozitimi, dhe bankat \u2018duhet\u2019 t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb qoft\u00eb edhe depozitat e tep\u00ebrta.<\/p>\n

Depozitat n\u00eb sistemin bankar jan\u00eb nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm grumbullimi i likuiditetit. Grumbullimi i depozitave n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb dhe racionimi i kredis\u00eb (moszgjerimi i kredidh\u00ebnies p\u00ebrtej klient\u00ebve tradicional\u00eb dhe moszbutja e kushteve kredimarr\u00ebse) n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebr gati dy dekada e b\u00ebjn\u00eb sistemin bankar t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb me likuiditet t\u00eb tep\u00ebrt. Depozitat e tep\u00ebrta pothuajse e eliminojn\u00eb rrezikun e likuiditetit dhe krijojn\u00eb stabilitet n\u00eb pozicionin e likuiditetit p\u00ebr bankat.<\/p>\n

Depozitat e tep\u00ebrta jan\u00eb t\u00eb kushtueshme p\u00ebr bankat, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shpenzimeve p\u00ebr normat e interesit n\u00eb depozita \u2013 sado t\u00eb ul\u00ebta \u00e7ofshin ato norma, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti n\u00eb vitet e fundit. Megjithat\u00eb, bankat n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb kan\u00eb gjetur nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb \u2018t\u00eb lir\u00eb\u2019 t\u00eb dekurajimit t\u00eb depozitor\u00ebve, duke aplikuar tarifa dhe komisione relativisht t\u00eb larta n\u00eb \u00e7do transaksion dhe \u00e7do sh\u00ebrbim depozitar. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse krahasojm\u00eb nivelin e tarifave q\u00eb aplikon sistemi bankar n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb vog\u00ebl dhe t\u00eb zhvilluar evropian, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb Belgjika, del se sistemi bankar n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb aplikon mesatarisht 10 pik\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje m\u00eb shum\u00eb tarifa, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dallim i konsideruesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, bankat n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb kan\u00eb fuqi tregu edhe nga ana e detyrimeve n\u00eb bilancin e gjendjes, pra depozitave, dhe p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb edhe prej depozitave (detyrimeve). S\u00eb kat\u00ebrti, komoditeti i bankave lidhet edhe me kultur\u00ebn e mir\u00eb t\u00eb kredimarr\u00ebsve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr norm\u00ebs s\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe nivelit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb pagave n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, kredimarr\u00ebsit n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb del t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rregullt se sa kredimarr\u00ebsit e rajonit. Rreth 63 p\u00ebr qind e gjith\u00eb kredive q\u00eb l\u00ebshohen jan\u00eb p\u00ebr biznese. Rreth 90 p\u00ebr qind e bizneseve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb jan\u00eb biznese t\u00eb vogla dhe t\u00eb mesme. Si t\u00eb tilla, shpeshher\u00eb pron\u00ebn private dhe pron\u00ebn e firm\u00ebs e kan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, q\u00eb dometh\u00ebn\u00eb se edhe kolaterali i l\u00ebn\u00eb peng bank\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb pron\u00eb private. Mund\u00ebsia e humbjes s\u00eb pasuris\u00eb private mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb nga faktor\u00ebt q\u00eb inkurajon huamarr\u00ebsit n\u00eb kthimin e rregullt t\u00eb kredive.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb dy rastet e krizave globale, sektori bankar ishte n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb mir\u00eb financiare dhe me kapacitet t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqsh\u00ebm t\u00eb absorbimit t\u00eb humbjeve t\u00eb mundshme, veti k\u00ebto q\u00eb kan\u00eb kontribuuar n\u00eb ruajtjen e stabilitetit t\u00eb sistemit financiar. N\u00eb rastin e par\u00eb, kriza globale financiare (KGF) n\u00eb 2007, n\u00eb nivel global erdhi nga vet\u00eb sektori financiar i vendeve t\u00eb zhvilluara, ku faji kryesor iu la rregullimit joadekuat dhe incentivave t\u00eb gabuara n\u00eb skemat e shp\u00ebrblimit t\u00eb menaxher\u00ebve t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb institucioneve financiare. Efektet e KGF-s\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb u shfaq\u00ebn n\u00eb vitin 2009, kryesisht p\u00ebrmes kanaleve t\u00eb sektorit t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm, respektivisht p\u00ebrmes r\u00ebnies s\u00eb investimeve t\u00eb huaja, eksporteve dhe remitancave.<\/p>\n

R\u00ebnia e remitancave mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndikuar n\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsimin e rritjes s\u00eb depozitave dhe rritjen e norm\u00ebs s\u00eb kredive joperformuese (kredit\u00eb q\u00eb nuk kthehen), t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyer n\u00eb humbje p\u00ebr bankat, por q\u00eb edhe pas rritjes p\u00ebrs\u00ebri mbet\u00ebn n\u00eb nivelin m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb rajon. Sektori bankar at\u00eb koh\u00eb pati ngadal\u00ebsuar kreditimin e ekonomis\u00eb, m\u00eb shum\u00eb si p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb bankave am\u00eb n\u00eb vendet e zhvilluara si pasoj\u00eb e sentimentit t\u00eb pasiguris\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen si dhe e p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimit t\u00eb portfolios kreditore n\u00eb nivel nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, se sa si reflektim i rreziqeve reale n\u00eb tregun bankar n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Fatmir\u00ebsisht, sektori bankar mbeti likuid dhe mir\u00eb i kapitalizuar gjat\u00eb dhe pas KGF-s\u00eb dhe vet\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrjetoi tronditje. Madje, sektori bankar mbeti i paafektuar edhe n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e kriz\u00ebs s\u00eb borxhit sovran gjat\u00eb 2010-2012, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mosintegrimit financiar nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar dhe t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb bankave greke n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rastin e dyt\u00eb, sektori bankar p\u00ebrballoi mir\u00eb recesionin ekonomik fal\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb likuiditetit, kapitalit dhe rezervave t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb absorbuar humbjet e pritura t\u00eb para pandemis\u00eb Covid-19, duke d\u00ebshmuar edhe nj\u00ebher\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e stabilitetin bankar. Krahasuar me rastin e KGF-s\u00eb, pandemia Covid-19 e gjeti sektorin bankar m\u00eb t\u00eb rregulluar (si p.sh. u rrit\u00ebn k\u00ebrkesat rregullative p\u00ebr menaxhimin e rrezikut t\u00eb likuiditetit dhe operacional) dhe me dy fonde shtes\u00eb, Fondi p\u00ebr Sigurimin e Depozitave n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb (FSDK) dhe Fondi Kosovar p\u00ebr Garantimin e Kredive (FKGK), q\u00eb rrisin sigurin\u00eb e bankave dhe qytetar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb efekti i zvog\u00eblimit t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave pas rritjes s\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar me rritjen e remitancave. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e remitancave mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb shkuar n\u00eb pagesa kredish, marr\u00eb parasysh mosp\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimin e protfolios kreditore n\u00eb sektorin bankar. Sipas statistikave t\u00eb publikuara nga BQK, bankat n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar rreth 3 300 pun\u00ebtor\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr recesionit ekonomik, nuk ka pasur t\u00eb shpun\u00ebsuar nga ky sektor.<\/p>\n

Niveli i stabilitetit bankar megjithat\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyer n\u00eb gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshirje financiare. Shtrirja e produkteve dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rajonet dhe sidomos shtresat e margjinalizaura t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb konsiderohet e ul\u00ebt, sepse nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e individ\u00ebve dhe bizneseve akoma nuk kan\u00eb qasje n\u00eb financa. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb vitet e fundit, disa nga bankat e m\u00ebdha n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb kan\u00eb filluar t\u00eb digjitalizohen dhe ta zvog\u00eblojn\u00eb numrin e deg\u00ebve fizike si dhe kan\u00eb filluar t\u00eb koncentrohen m\u00eb shum\u00eb te kredimarr\u00ebsit e m\u00ebdhenj, duke braktisur pjes\u00ebrisht kredimarr\u00ebsit e vegj\u00ebl dhe duke i shtyr\u00eb ata t\u2019iu drejtohen Institucioneve Mikrofinanciare (IMF). IMF-t\u00eb zakonisht jan\u00eb m\u00eb pak burokratike dhe k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb m\u00eb pak kolateral, por ngarkojn\u00eb kredimarr\u00ebsit me norma relativisht m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb interesit se bankat, duke i b\u00ebr\u00eb kredit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb kushtueshme.<\/p>\n

FKGK si nj\u00eb instrument mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebs p\u00ebr sektorin bankar momentalisht garanton kredit\u00eb e rreth 6 600 bizneseve t\u00eb vogla dhe t\u00eb mesme\u00a0 (kjo vler\u00eb ndryshon me koh\u00eb) t\u00eb portfolios kreditore t\u00eb bankave t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsuara n\u00eb Fond \u2013 pra jo t\u00eb gjitha kredit\u00eb biznesore. Ky fond ka pasur rolin\u00a0 e tij n\u00eb zvog\u00eblimin e rrezikut real dhe t\u00eb perceptuar t\u00eb bankave pas pandemis\u00eb duke stimuluar nj\u00eb rritje relative t\u00eb kredive t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr bizneset. P\u00ebr t\u00eb shtyr\u00eb bankat t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb instrumentin e garantimit dhe t\u00eb kreditojn\u00eb sektor\u00ebt e n\u00ebnsh\u00ebrbyer (agrobiznesin, prodhimtarit\u00eb, grat\u00eb n\u00eb biznes etj.) pas pandemis\u00eb, FKGK ka rritur mbulueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e kredive t\u00eb kualifikuara me garancion prej 50% n\u00eb 80% t\u00eb kryegj\u00ebs\u00eb (n\u00eb rast se d\u00ebshton kthimi i kredis\u00eb), ka zbritur tarifat e aplikimit t\u00eb bankave n\u00eb FKGK sa her\u00eb q\u00eb aplikojn\u00eb p\u00ebr garancion kredie dhe ka ofruar leht\u00ebsira tjera administrative p\u00ebr fermer\u00ebt q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb t\u00eb regjistruar num\u00ebr biznesi.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 rritjes s\u00eb siguris\u00eb p\u00ebr bankat, garancionet e FKGK-s\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsojn\u00eb edhe\u00a0 kolateralin e munguar p\u00ebr bizneset me potencial t\u00eb mir\u00eb biznesor \u2013 sidomos p\u00ebr bizneset q\u00eb aplikojn\u00eb p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr kredi. Kriteret e reja vlejn\u00eb vet\u00ebm pas aprovimit t\u00eb \u2018Ligjit p\u00ebr Rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbje Ekonomike – Covid-19\u2019 n\u00eb dhjetor 2020, prandaj konsiderohet her\u00ebt t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohet ndikimi i tyre, edhe p\u00ebr faktin se muaji janar dhe shkurt zakonisht jan\u00eb muaj m\u00eb t\u00eb ngadalsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Gjithsesi, n\u00eb \u2018Anket\u00ebn e Kreditimit Bankar\u2019 (2021), bankat kan\u00eb raportuar se FKGK-ja ka ndikuar leht\u00eb por pozitivisht n\u00eb inkurajimin e l\u00ebshimit t\u00eb kredive t\u00eb reja pas pandemis\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, kushtet q\u00eb nj\u00eb kredi biznesore t\u00eb kualifikohet p\u00ebr garancion nga FKGK-ja jan\u00eb relativisht rigoroze: nd\u00ebr tjerash, kualifikohen vet\u00ebm bizneset q\u00eb kan\u00eb pasur gjendje t\u00eb mir\u00eb financiare para pandemis\u00eb dhe pagesat e kredive t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme i kan\u00eb pasur t\u00eb gjitha me rregull (t\u00eb klasifikuara n\u00eb \u2018Regjistrin e Kredive t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs\u2019 n\u00eb kategorin\u00eb A). Kjo tregon se edhe FKGK-ja, ngjash\u00ebm si bankat,\u00a0 shfaq sjellje\u00a0konservative meq\u00eb p\u00ebrkrah vet\u00ebm kredimarr\u00ebsit \u2018e mir\u00eb\u2019 apo ato biznese q\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb paku kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrkrahje financiare, prandaj p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr faktit q\u00eb stimulon kreditimin e sektor\u00ebve t\u00eb n\u00ebnsh\u00ebrbyer, jo domosdo mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb efekt kund\u00ebrciklik n\u00eb koh\u00eb krizash.<\/p>\n

Disa nga bankat qendrore t\u00eb rajonit, pas kriz\u00ebs ekonomike reaguan shpejt duke ulur\u00a0 norm\u00ebn referente t\u00eb interesit (norm\u00ebn baz\u00eb), hapjes s\u00eb ankandeve p\u00ebr rritjen e likuiditetit t\u00eb bankave, moratoriumit t\u00eb kredive etj., n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb leht\u00ebsimit t\u00eb barr\u00ebs mbi individ\u00ebt dhe kompanit\u00eb e prekura nga pandemia. Banka Qendrore e Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs (BQK), ka n\u00eb dispozicion vet\u00ebm instrumentin p\u00ebr \u2018Mb\u00ebshtetje Emergjente p\u00ebr Likuiditet\u2019, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar n\u00eb shum\u00eb dhe deri tash nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb testuar asnj\u00ebher\u00eb te bankat \u2013 si\u00e7 tham\u00eb, bankat tona asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb shfaqur probleme me likuiditet.<\/p>\n

Euroizimi i nj\u00ebansh\u00ebm ngushton \u00e7do mund\u00ebsi tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr intervenim me likuiditet. T\u00eb vetmin instrument q\u00eb BQK ka p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb zbutjen e efekteve t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb te huamarras\u00ebit, ishte fillimisht aprovimi i vendimit p\u00ebr pezullimin e pagesave t\u00eb k\u00ebsteve t\u00eb kredis\u00eb dhe m\u00eb pas aprovimi i \u2018Udh\u00ebzuesi p\u00ebr ristrukturimin e kredive p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb Covid-19\u2019, i cili\u00a0 k\u00ebrkoi nga bankat komerciale, q\u00eb kredimarr\u00ebsve q\u00eb kan\u00eb hasur n\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi financiare pas pandemis\u00eb Covid-19, t\u2019u mund\u00ebsohet pezullimi dhe rikstrukturimi i pages\u00ebs s\u00eb kredis\u00eb p\u00ebr disa muaj (moratorium i borxhit), pa penalizim n\u00eb historikun kreditor n\u00eb \u2018Regjistrin e Kredive t\u00eb\u00a0 Kosov\u00ebs\u2018. Fal\u00eb edhe k\u00ebtij udh\u00ebzuesi, treguesi i kredive joperformuese nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar, por bankat gjithsesi kan\u00eb ndar\u00eb provizione (rezerva) p\u00ebr humbjet e pritura.<\/p>\n

Rrjedhimisht, n\u00eb gjith\u00eb sektorin bankar u ristrukturuan rreth 1.3 miliard\u00eb euro kredi. Moratoriumi kreditor mund t\u2019ua leht\u00ebsoj\u00eb bizneseve p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht problemet me para rrjedh\u00ebse, mir\u00ebpo n\u00eb afatgjat\u00eb gjithsej bilanci i kredis\u00eb q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kthehet do t\u00eb rritet. Ky udh\u00ebzues u drejtohet si bankave ashtu edhe kredimarr\u00ebsve (ku jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb ekspert\u00eb financiar\u00eb). Ky udh\u00ebzues ka l\u00ebn\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb interpretimi (\u2018\u2018…p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur nd\u00ebshkime t\u00eb padrejta ndaj kredimarr\u00ebsve…\u2019\u2019) duke mos cekur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb eksplicite (p\u00ebrve\u00e7 n\u00eb lajmet e publikuara) se tarifat nd\u00ebshkuese p\u00ebr muajt e pezulluar t\u00eb kredis\u00eb nuk duhet t\u00eb aplikohen (q\u00eb p\u00ebrkthehen n\u00eb t\u00eb hyra shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr bankat) si dhe ka shkaktuar paqart\u00ebsi rreth m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb pages\u00ebs s\u00eb k\u00ebsteve t\u00eb pezulluara te qytetar\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Si te \u00e7do bank\u00eb qendrore, edhe BQK duhet t\u00eb komunikoj\u00eb me publikun e gjer\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb dhe transparente p\u00ebr vendimet q\u00eb i merr, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rolit t\u00eb saj n\u00eb ruajtjen e stabilitetit financiar dhe mbrojtjen e konsumatorit q\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzon sh\u00ebrbime financiare. Transparenca e BQK-s\u00eb gjithashtu kontribuon n\u00eb ruajtjen e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe kredibilitetit t\u00eb saj n\u00eb publik, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb krizash.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ka duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet tutje? N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, nevoja p\u00ebr investime dhe kapital qarkullues ka qen\u00eb e madhe edhe para pandemis\u00eb, dhe kjo nevoj\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes\u00a0 investimeve t\u00eb huaja. Prandaj, syt\u00eb edhe nj\u00ebher\u00eb jan\u00eb kthyer kah bankat, sepse pritet q\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahjen e bizneseve duke mir\u00ebmbajtur trendin rrit\u00ebs t\u00eb kredive t\u00eb reja. Bankat, fillimisht mund t\u00eb mos ken\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitura t\u2019u p\u00ebrgjigjen ndryshimeve q\u00eb ndodh\u00ebn brenda nat\u00ebs, si ndryshimet n\u00eb orarin e pun\u00ebs me staf t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar, sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb automatizuara dhe personalizuara.<\/p>\n

Si mas\u00eb parandaluese e p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb virusit, bankat duhet t\u00eb rrisin p\u00ebrdorimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve digjitale e automatike (si konsultime online dhe p\u00ebrmes telefonit), kundrejt vazhdimit t\u00eb kujdesjes p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt pa qasje n\u00eb kompjuter\u00eb dhe smartphone ose pa aft\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur platforma digjitale. Pandemia ka v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb pah edhe nevoj\u00ebn e aprovimit t\u00eb ligjit p\u00ebr identifikim elektronik n\u00eb transaksione elektronike dhe njohjen e n\u00ebnshkrimit elektronik nga gjykatat n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, i cili do t\u00eb mund\u00ebsonte identifikimin virtual t\u00eb klient\u00ebve, pa pasur nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr prezenc\u00eb fizike.<\/p>\n

FKGK-ja duhet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb revidim t\u00eb klauzolave ligjore, dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb edhe bizneset q\u00eb n\u00eb historikun e kredive paraprake kan\u00eb pasur kredi t\u00eb klasifikuara edhe n\u00eb kategorin\u00eb B (kredit\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht kan\u00eb devijuar nga kredit\u00eb me kthim t\u00eb rregullt).<\/p>\n

BQK-ja, brenda mandatit ligjor dhe sipas objektivit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes efikase t\u00eb resurseve, duhet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb nga bankat t\u00eb rrisin shtrirjen financiare deri te grupet n\u00ebnsh\u00ebrbyera dhe grupet m\u00eb t\u00eb prekura nga pandemia. Pandemia Covid-19 ka v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb pah, nd\u00ebr tjerash, se edhe komunikimi i BQK-s\u00eb duhet t\u00eb rritet p\u00ebrtej raporteve periodike dhe thjesht\u00ebsia e transparenca e komunikimit duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohen, ashtu q\u00eb t\u00eb arrij\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr publikut gjer\u00eb. Pjes\u00eb e rolit t\u00eb BQK-s\u00eb, edhe pse n\u00eb kapacitet t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe mbrojtja e konsumatorit, p\u00ebrmes \u2018Departamentit t\u00eb Ankesave p\u00ebr Shfryt\u00ebzimin e Sh\u00ebrbimeve Financiare\u2019. Sasia, natyra dhe shkaku i ankesave duhet t\u00eb shpalosen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar dhe m\u00eb shpesh se vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bankat n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb konsiderohen si shembulli m\u00eb i suksessh\u00ebm i investimeve t\u00eb huaja n\u00eb vend n\u00eb 20 vitet e fundit, meq\u00eb 9 nga 11 bankat e licencuara jan\u00eb formuar me kapital t\u00eb huaj. Sektori bankar n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb u desh t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohej nga e para:\u00a0 infrastruktura, teknologjia, sjellja e know-how, p\u00ebrgatitja e burimeve njer\u00ebzore, etj. Sektori […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":632,"featured_media":12221,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[2395,2396],"ppma_author":[2393],"class_list":["post-4745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-bankat-e-kosoves","tag-kriza-globale"],"authors":[{"term_id":2393,"user_id":632,"is_guest":0,"slug":"albulene-kastrati","display_name":"Albulen\u00eb Kastrati","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/1569716702881.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/1569716702881.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Kastrati","first_name":"Albulen\u00eb","description":"Dr. Kastrati is an academic with over 14 years of experience in higher education and research, and a banking professional with a decade of central banking service. "}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/632"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4745"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12227,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4745\/revisions\/12227"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12221"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4745"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}