{"id":4757,"date":"2021-03-19T13:20:30","date_gmt":"2021-03-19T11:20:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4757"},"modified":"2024-11-06T13:22:31","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T11:22:31","slug":"puna-gjate-pandemise-dhe-efektet-ne-shendetin-mendor-tek-gazetaret","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/puna-gjate-pandemise-dhe-efektet-ne-shendetin-mendor-tek-gazetaret\/","title":{"rendered":"Puna gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb dhe efektet n\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin mendor tek gazetar\u00ebt"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Puna gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb dhe efektet n\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin mendor tek gazetar\u00ebt<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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Gazetar\u00ebt, p\u00ebr nga natyra e profesionit t\u00eb tyre, jan\u00eb t\u00eb trajnuar dhe t\u00eb adaptuar q\u00eb t\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00ebn stres dhe presion t\u00eb shtuar. Shpesh i kemi par\u00eb t\u00eb raportojn\u00eb nga zona t\u00eb luft\u00ebrave, protestave t\u00eb dhunshme, fatkeq\u00ebsive natyrore si t\u00ebrmetet, v\u00ebrshimet, zjarret masive, aksidentet dhe incidentet e ndryshme etj. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e tyre jan\u00eb d\u00ebshmitar\u00eb dhe pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb situata t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira, me shum\u00eb rreziqe dhe k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn dhe mir\u00ebqenien e tyre fizike. Por, gati n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rastet neglizhohet fakti se t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit, duke kryer pun\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb terren, i ekspozohen situatave t\u00eb caktuara q\u00eb e r\u00ebndojn\u00eb gjendjen e tyre emocionale dhe psikologjike t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb pas mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb efekte afatgjata dhe t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb jo pak n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb nga fillimi i pandemis\u00eb \u2013 tash e mbi nj\u00eb vit \u2013 gazetar\u00ebt, redaktor\u00ebt, kameraman\u00ebt, teknik\u00ebt e mediave, nj\u00ebsoj si pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor\u00eb, m\u00ebsuesit apo edhe policia, p\u00ebr asnj\u00eb dit\u00eb nuk e kan\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb pun\u00ebn. Ky angazhim i tyre i vazhduesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb informuar publikun n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb globale e cila p\u00ebrve\u00e7 rrezikut p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin dhe jet\u00ebn e gjithsecilit, shoq\u00ebrohej edhe me paqart\u00ebsi t\u00eb shumta p\u00ebr natyr\u00ebn e vet\u00eb virusit, p\u00ebrhapjen e informacioneve t\u00eb rreme, historive konspirative dhe dyshimeve e mosbesimit n\u00eb mesin e qytetar\u00ebve p\u00ebr ekzistimin e virusit, ka b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb puna dhe angazhimi i punonj\u00ebsve t\u00eb mediave t\u00eb mbingarkohej dhe komplikohej duksh\u00ebm. Kur i shtojm\u00eb k\u00ebsaj edhe frik\u00ebn permanente nga infektimi me virusin Covid-19 dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia q\u00eb, duke kryer pun\u00ebn e tyre ditore, do rrezikonin q\u00eb pa dashje t\u2019i infektonin edhe shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb apo an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e familjes, shkalla e v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsis\u00eb, presioni psikologjik dhe i pasojave q\u00eb shkaktohen prej tij rriteshin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb drastike.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim, studiues t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm q\u00eb merren me fush\u00ebn e sh\u00ebndetit mendor jan\u00eb angazhuar t\u00eb analizojn\u00eb efektet psikologjike t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve t\u00eb mediave gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e pandemis\u00eb. Sipas nj\u00eb\u00a0hulumtimi<\/a>\u00a0t\u00eb realizuar nga Instituti Reuters n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim m\u00eb Universitetin e Torontos, q\u00eb kishte si q\u00ebllim identifikimin e mir\u00ebqenies emocionale tek gazetar\u00ebt, u identifikua se puna gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb ka shkaktuar tek shumica prej tyre stres, ankth dhe depresion. Nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e till\u00eb, thekson raporti, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur vet\u00ebm tek gazetar\u00ebt e rinj dhe me m\u00eb pak p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb, por edhe tek ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb pasur vite t\u00eb t\u00ebra eksperienc\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb dhe t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe m\u00eb p\u00ebrpara n\u00eb raportimin e ngjarjeve t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira me ngarkes\u00eb t\u00eb shtuar emocionale.<\/p>\n

Studimi konkludon se rreth 70% e gazetar\u00ebve gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb pandemis\u00eb kan\u00eb vuajtur nga disa nivele shqet\u00ebsimesh psikologjike. Konkretisht 26% e pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve kan\u00eb raportuar ankth klinik t\u00eb shoq\u00ebruar me simptoma shqet\u00ebsimi, pagjum\u00ebsie, \u201clodhje rraskapit\u00ebse\u201d (burnout) dhe p\u00ebrqendrim t\u00eb dob\u00ebt n\u00eb pun\u00eb. Kurse, 11% e tyre shfaq\u00ebn simptoma t\u00eb stresit post-traumatik q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin kujtime t\u00eb nj\u00eb ngjarjeje traumatike lidhur me pandemin\u00eb, ndjenj\u00eb faji, frik\u00eb, zem\u00ebrim etj. Duke qen\u00eb se pandemia ka transformuar edhe form\u00ebn e kryerjes s\u00eb pun\u00ebve \u2013 p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kufizimeve p\u00ebr ruajtjen e distanc\u00ebs fizike me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb mosshp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb virusit \u2013 60% e gazetar\u00ebve kan\u00eb raportuar se punojn\u00eb me or\u00eb t\u00eb tejzgjatura q\u00eb nga fillimi i pandemis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto konkluzione i mb\u00ebshtet edhe nj\u00eb hulumtim i fundit i realizuar nga Rrjeti Ballkanik i Gazetaris\u00eb Hulumtuese (BIRN<\/a>) mbi kushtet e gazetar\u00ebve n\u00eb vendet e Ballkanit q\u00eb nga fillimi i pandemis\u00eb Covid-19. Raporti konstaton se pandemia ka ndikuar duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb rritjen e sasis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb intensitetit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, por n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr ka pasur efekte negative edhe n\u00eb t\u00eb hyrat e tyre financiare sepse nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb madhe i \u00ebsht\u00eb ulur paga. Sipas raportit, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 60% e t\u00eb anketuarve theksuan se, q\u00eb nga fillimi i pandemis\u00eb, kishin \u201cm\u00eb shum\u00eb\u201d ose \u201cshum\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb\u201d pun\u00eb sesa zakonisht. N\u00eb mesin e gazetar\u00ebve t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs ky shqet\u00ebsim arrinte shifr\u00ebn 73%, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Serbi ishin 70% e tyre q\u00eb deklaroheshin nj\u00ebjt\u00eb. Nuk do mend se kjo e r\u00ebndon edhe m\u00eb tep\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin mendor t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

Pra, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, gazetar\u00ebt p\u00ebrve\u00e7 se duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrball\u00ebn me rrezikun e infektimit t\u00eb tyre dhe familjar\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre \u2013 e q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim serioz p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn \u2013 jan\u00eb n\u00eb ankth permanent se mos iu zvog\u00eblohet paga, apo edhe mund ta humbin pun\u00ebn krejt\u00ebsisht. K\u00ebt\u00eb konstatim e mb\u00ebshtet edhe raporti n\u00eb fjal\u00eb ku 55% t\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve vler\u00ebsuan se jan\u00eb duke humbur t\u00eb ardhurat p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb dhe 58% than\u00eb se raportimi mbi Covid-19 ka prekur sh\u00ebndetin e tyre mendor. N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, shifrat jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb 73%. Gazetar\u00ebt n\u00eb Malin e Zi duket se q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb ku 29% thon\u00eb se kan\u00eb hasur disa probleme me sh\u00ebndetin mendor. Kurse n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb e Veriut, 62% deklaruan se kriza ka prekur sh\u00ebndetin e tyre mendor, nd\u00ebrsa 48% se kishin nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje psikologjike profesionale.<\/p>\n

Pra, duket se me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn sfid\u00eb po p\u00ebrball\u00ebn pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e mediave n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb globin, pa marr\u00eb parasysh shtetin, sistemin socio-politik, nivelin e zhvillimit ekonomik apo edhe avancimin profesional t\u00eb tyre. N\u00eb nj\u00eb\u00a0studim<\/a>\u00a0t\u00eb shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb realizuar nga Universiteti i Kolombias, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin kan\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb 125 vende t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, ka rezultuar se 70% t\u00eb t\u00eb anketuarve e rendisin ndikimin psikologjik dhe at\u00eb emocional t\u00eb mbulimit t\u00eb kriz\u00ebs s\u00eb pandemis\u00eb si aspektin m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, t\u00eb pasuar nga frika p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbetur pa pun\u00eb, mbingarkesa n\u00eb pun\u00eb, izolimi social etj. N\u00eb pyetjen se cili \u00ebsht\u00eb reagimi emocional dhe psikologjik si pasoj\u00eb e pandemis\u00eb, 42% e gazetar\u00ebve e raportuan nivelin e rritur t\u00eb ankthit, nd\u00ebrsa 38% raportuan lodhje dhe \u201clodhje rraskapit\u00ebse\u201d (burnout) \u2013 q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00a0sindrom\u00eb e cila shkaktohet nga stresi kronik n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs dhe zakonisht karakterizohet nga ndjenja e rraskapitjes dhe e negativizmit q\u00eb lidhet me pun\u00ebn dhe efikasitet profesional t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar.<\/p>\n

Edhe gazetar\u00ebt n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe Shqip\u00ebri ballafaqohen me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat sfida dhe probleme. Sipas nj\u00eb\u00a0raporti<\/a>\u00a0t\u00eb publikuar nga Asociacioni i gazetar\u00ebve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs (AGK), konstatohet se gazetar\u00ebt q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb terren nuk jan\u00eb siguruar nga pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit mjetet e nevojshme mbrojt\u00ebse kund\u00ebr virusit. Rreth 10% e t\u00eb anketuarve n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb raport deklaruan se nuk u ishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb asnj\u00eb pajisje mbrojt\u00ebse n\u00eb kryerjen e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme dhe duhej q\u00eb ato t\u2019i siguronin vet\u00eb. Kuptohet, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 rrezikut t\u00eb infektimit, puna gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb ndikoi edhe n\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin mendor t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve t\u00eb medias n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim, sipas t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit raport, 19% e gazetar\u00ebve deklaruan se raportimi gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb e p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsoi shum\u00eb gjendjen e tyre t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit mendor, kurse 46% e tyre theksuan se kishin p\u00ebrjetuar nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsim t\u00eb leht\u00eb psikologjik.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri n\u00eb nj\u00eb vit pandemie tet\u00eb gazetar\u00eb dhe pun\u00ebtor\u00eb t\u00eb mediave humb\u00ebn jet\u00ebn dhe qindra t\u00eb tjer\u00eb u infektuan, n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve duke infektuar k\u00ebshtu edhe rrethin dhe an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb familjes. Natyrisht, lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb tem\u00eb ka nevoj\u00eb ende t\u00eb realizohen studime t\u00eb specializuara dhe me metodologji rigoroze shkencore n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb dilet me konkluzione t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetura q\u00eb do t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbenin q\u00eb kjo problematik\u00eb t\u00eb trajtohej m\u00eb me n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

Nuk do mend se gazetar\u00ebt, sidomos ata q\u00eb raportojn\u00eb nga terreni, nuk e kan\u00eb t\u00eb mundur t\u00eb punojn\u00eb nga sht\u00ebpia, p\u00ebr ket\u00eb arsye duhet t\u00eb konsiderohen si kategori e rrezikuar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kontakteve t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme dhe t\u00eb pashmangshme. Sipas raporteve fillestare n\u00eb nivel global, rajonal por edhe ne nivel vendi, duket se efektet nga st\u00ebrngarkesa n\u00eb pun\u00eb, k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi permanent p\u00ebr uljen e pag\u00ebs apo humbjen e pun\u00ebs apo edhe rreziku evident p\u00ebr t\u2019u infektuar me virusin Covid-19, e ka r\u00ebnduar duksh\u00ebm sh\u00ebndetin e tyre mendor. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, duke marr\u00eb n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb gazetar\u00ebve p\u00ebr informimin e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me nivelin e rrezikut n\u00eb ushtrimin e profesionit, institucionet e vendit do t\u00eb duhej q\u00eb t\u2019i p\u00ebrfshinin gazetar\u00ebt n\u00eb kategorin\u00eb prioritare t\u00eb vaksinimit, kurdo q\u00eb ky proces t\u00eb filloj\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Puna gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb dhe efektet n\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin mendor tek gazetar\u00ebt Gazetar\u00ebt, p\u00ebr nga natyra e profesionit t\u00eb tyre, jan\u00eb t\u00eb trajnuar dhe t\u00eb adaptuar q\u00eb t\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00ebn stres dhe presion t\u00eb shtuar. Shpesh i kemi par\u00eb t\u00eb raportojn\u00eb nga zona t\u00eb luft\u00ebrave, protestave t\u00eb dhunshme, fatkeq\u00ebsive natyrore si t\u00ebrmetet, v\u00ebrshimet, zjarret masive, aksidentet dhe […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":334,"featured_media":9731,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1690,1186,1237],"ppma_author":[346],"class_list":["post-4757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-gazetaret","tag-pandemia","tag-shendeti-mendor"],"authors":[{"term_id":346,"user_id":334,"is_guest":0,"slug":"violeta-zefi","display_name":"Violeta Zefi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/ssjdoals-e1776417820433.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/ssjdoals-e1776417820433.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Zefi","first_name":"Violeta","description":"Violeta Zefi ka ndjekur studimet themelore dhe ato master, n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e Psikologjis\u00eb, n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs. N\u00eb vitin 2017 ka p\u00ebrfunduar studimet e doktorat\u00ebs n\u00eb Masaryk University, Republik\u00eb \u00c7eke. Aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb ligj\u00ebruese n\u00eb Kolegjin \u201cUBT\u201d, dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb ndjek specializimin n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e \u201cPsikologjis\u00eb Klinike\u201d. Nga viti 2006 ka punuar p\u00ebr organizata t\u00eb ndryshme vendore dhe nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. P\u00ebrpos ligj\u00ebrimit ajo punon edhe si Psikologe n\u00eb Asociacionin Kosovar t\u00eb Personave q\u00eb Jetojn\u00eb me HIV\/AIDS (n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb Global Fund p\u00ebr HIV\/AIDS) dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht \u00ebsht\u00eb e angazhuar si psikologe, konsulente dhe trajnere n\u00eb projekte t\u00eb ndryshme."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/334"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4757"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4757\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9732,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4757\/revisions\/9732"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9731"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4757"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}