{"id":4786,"date":"2021-01-27T14:10:56","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T12:10:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4786"},"modified":"2024-10-31T16:06:16","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T14:06:16","slug":"si-mundet-qeveria-e-re-te-krijoje-vende-pune","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/si-mundet-qeveria-e-re-te-krijoje-vende-pune\/","title":{"rendered":"Si mundet Qeveria e re t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb vende pune?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Pandemia COVID-19 ka goditur ekonomin\u00eb bot\u00ebrore, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb miliona njer\u00ebz t\u00eb papun\u00eb. Nga kriza ekonomike, duket se personat me arsim t\u00eb ul\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb mes\u00ebm e kan\u00eb p\u00ebsuar m\u00eb s\u00eb keqi. Situat\u00eb e ngjashme \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Ndon\u00ebse nuk kemi shifra t\u00eb sakta t\u00eb individ\u00ebve q\u00eb kan\u00eb humbur vendin e pun\u00ebs, numri i tyre besohet t\u00eb jet\u00eb i konsideruesh\u00ebm. Tani, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se kurr\u00eb, nevojitet krijimi i vendeve t\u00eb reja e t\u00eb mira t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. Me fjal\u00ebn \u201ct\u00eb mira\u201d n\u00ebnkuptojm\u00eb pun\u00ebt q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb dije specifike dhe kan\u00eb paga mbi mesatare.<\/p>\n

Vendet e mira t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, zakonisht, krijohen nga kompanit\u00eb produktive t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb inovative n\u00eb treg. K\u00ebto firma, shpeshher\u00eb, p\u00ebrball\u00ebn me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb rekrutimin e personave kompetent p\u00ebr pun\u00eb. E th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe, vendet e reja t\u00eb pun\u00ebs k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb t\u00eb adresohet ana e ofert\u00ebs dhe e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs, ku n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb stimulohen firmat inovative, dhe n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr nxitet p\u00ebrgatitja e\u00a0 pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb \u2018buta\u2019 dhe t\u00eb \u2018forta\u2019. Qeverit\u00eb nd\u00ebr vite kan\u00eb pasur nj\u00eb qasje tejet neoliberale ndaj tregut. Duke marr\u00eb parasysh gjendjen ekonomike, nevojitet nj\u00eb rol aktiv n\u00eb ekonomi nga qeveria e ardhshme. Gjithsesi, intervenimi i Qeveris\u00eb shpeshher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb problemi, e jo zgjidhja.\u00a0 Sidoqoft\u00eb, n\u00ebp\u00ebr vende t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb bot\u00ebs ekziston nj\u00eb evidenc\u00eb n\u00eb rritje n\u00eb lidhje me suksesin e\u00a0programeve sektoriale t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit<\/a>. N\u00eb vazhdim do t\u00eb diskutohet p\u00ebr dy m\u00ebnyra sesi Qeveria mund ta stimuloj\u00eb krijimin e vendeve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrkrahja e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve p\u00ebrmes trajnimeve dhe certifikimeve<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fillimisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb theksohet q\u00eb trajnimet n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb pakta. Vet\u00ebm se, n\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00ebn e rasteve kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb keqdizajnuara, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos th\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb dedikuara p\u00ebr ofruesit e trajnimeve, e jo pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit. Pra, kemi pasur trajnime p\u00ebr marketing digjital p\u00ebr t\u00eb papun\u00ebt mbi 40 vje\u00e7, q\u00eb s\u2019e kan\u00eb iden\u00eb \u00e7\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb as marketingu tradicional. Kemi pasur trajnime p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsi, nga ligj\u00ebrues q\u00eb s\u2019kan\u00eb kurrfar\u00eb p\u00ebrvoje n\u00eb biznes. E k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve, k\u00ebto lloj trajnimesh kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb ofruara p\u00ebrmes OJQ-ve lokale. Certifikatat e tyre \u2013 shumic\u00ebs \u2013 jan\u00eb letra t\u00eb pavlera. At\u00ebher\u00eb, \u00e7far\u00eb trajnimesh dhe \u00e7far\u00eb certifikimesh mund t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb vende t\u00eb mira t\u00eb pun\u00ebs?<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 argumenton edhe ekonomisti\u00a0Dani Rodrik<\/a>, programet sektoriale duhet t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrtej trajnimeve tradicionale \u2013 dhe duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb s\u00eb paku gjat\u00ebmujore. Kjo duke lidhur ngusht\u00eb pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit me pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e rinj, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ndjekin trajnime specifike t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatura sipas nevojave specifike t\u00eb industris\u00eb apo firm\u00ebs. N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u2013 kryesisht n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb \u2013 ekziston nj\u00eb num\u00ebr solid i kompanive t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb informative t\u00eb cilat ofrojn\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime p\u00ebr tregjet e jashtme. Qasja n\u00eb tregjet e huaja mund\u00ebson zhvillimin e shpejt t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre kompanive, t\u00eb cilat shpeshher\u00eb kan\u00eb problem t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb me dije specifike. Nj\u00eb nga pronar\u00ebt e nj\u00eb kompanie q\u00eb ofron sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb trajnimeve, deklaronte se kur rekrutojn\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb, n\u00eb gjasht\u00eb muajt e par\u00eb ata jan\u00eb shum\u00eb pak produktiv\u00eb. Pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e ri kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr dije specifike q\u00eb mund t\u00eb merret gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb kompani. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e rinj jan\u00eb t\u00eb kushtuesh\u00ebm, pasi nevojitet trajnime t\u00eb vazhdueshme p\u00ebr s\u00eb paku gjat\u00eb muaj. Mungesa e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve kompetent\u00eb i ndalon kompanit\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb zgjerohen n\u00eb tregjet e huaja. K\u00ebtu duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyj\u00eb Qeveria, duke mbuluar pagat n\u00eb gjasht\u00eb muajt e par\u00eb. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, kompanit\u00eb duhet t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb q\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e ri t\u00eb ken\u00eb kontrat\u00eb s\u00eb paku dyvje\u00e7are, dhe t\u2019i trajnojn\u00eb ata sipas nevoj\u00ebs s\u00eb pun\u00ebs. Pas dy viteve, edhe n\u00ebse k\u00ebta pun\u00ebtor\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb vazhdonin t\u00eb punonin n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat kompani, do t\u00eb ken\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb dhe dije specifike.<\/p>\n

Qeveria duhet q\u00eb t\u2019i monitoroj\u00eb programet p\u00ebr s\u00eb af\u00ebrti, duke i shmangur kompanit\u00eb parazite q\u00eb gjuajn\u00eb p\u00ebr fonde t\u00eb rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjes. Pra, incentiva t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb shembullin e karot\u00ebs dhe shkopit, ku karota simbolizon fondet nga politika sektoriale, nd\u00ebrkaq shkopi trajnimet dhe kontratat e pun\u00ebs q\u00eb kompanit\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb. Ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht, duhet pasur kujdes q\u00eb kompanit\u00eb mos t\u00eb fusin n\u00eb lista pun\u00ebtor\u00eb ekzistues, apo t\u00eb af\u00ebrm t\u00eb tyre, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb p\u00ebrfitues t\u00eb fondeve.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrtej financimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve t\u00eb firmave inovative, Qeveria n\u00ebp\u00ebrmes institucioneve kredibile, mund t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb trajnime p\u00ebr t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb e papun\u00eb. Trajnimet duhet t\u00eb kuror\u00ebzohen me certifikata q\u00eb kan\u00eb vler\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb fusha t\u00eb ndryshme. P\u00ebrs\u00ebri \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb trajnimet t\u00eb jen\u00eb s\u00eb paku gjasht\u00ebmujore, q\u00eb kan\u00eb test certifikues n\u00eb fund. Shum\u00eb nga k\u00ebto trajnime t\u00eb njohura nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtarisht mund t\u00eb ofrohen nga nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i institucioneve vendore, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb autorizuara t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb trajnime dhe japin certifikata. Po ashtu, Qeveria duhet t\u00eb shikoj\u00eb opsionin e trajnimeve online, t\u00eb cilat i mbajn\u00eb kompanit\u00eb e njohura bot\u00ebrore. Certifikatat e marra nga to do t\u2019u ndihmonin t\u00eb rinjve t\u00eb pun\u00ebsoheshin. Marrja e dijes nga trajnimi nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, e cila v\u00ebrtetohet me certifikat\u00ebn p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse, do t\u2019i mund\u00ebsonte nj\u00eb t\u00eb riu t\u00eb gjente pun\u00eb, si\u00e7 thuhet shpesh, online. Me pun\u00ebtor\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt punojn\u00eb p\u00ebr kontraktor\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb zhvillohej e ashtuquajtura \u2018gig economy\u2019 \u2013 treg i pun\u00ebs i bazuar n\u00eb kontrata afatshkurtra.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrkrahja e bizneseve q\u00eb operojn\u00eb n\u00eb tregjet e huaja<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tim Bartik<\/a>\u00a0nga instituti Upjohn, ofron nj\u00eb diskutim t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr incentivat t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb suksesshme n\u00eb krijimin e vendeve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. S\u00eb pari, duhet t\u00eb targetohen disa firma t\u00eb caktuara, t\u00eb cilat vler\u00ebsohet se jan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb efektive. Zakonisht firmat e vogla nuk p\u00ebrdorin teknologji t\u00eb re, dhe nuk p\u00ebrdorin praktika moderne t\u00eb menaxhimit. Pra, Qeveria duhet t\u00eb targetoj\u00eb firmat e vogla t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb potencial t\u00eb rriten, dhe n\u00ebp\u00ebrmes kompanive t\u00eb d\u00ebshmuara t\u00eb konsulenc\u00ebs, t\u2019u ofroj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime p\u00ebr t\u2019i p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar proceset e pun\u00ebs. P\u00ebr shembull, certifikimi me ISO standarde i b\u00ebn firmat m\u00eb efikase dhe m\u00eb konkurruese n\u00eb tregje vendore dhe nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Certifikimi me k\u00ebto standarde \u00ebsht\u00eb i kushtuesh\u00ebm, dhe n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste firmat nuk e din\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e aplikimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre standardeve. Standardizimi i sh\u00ebrbimeve bazuar n\u00eb praktikat m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb menaxhimit mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb efekte t\u00eb m\u00ebdha multiplikuese, pasi firmat do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb zhvilloheshin, dhe rrjedhimisht t\u00eb pun\u00ebsonin m\u00eb shum\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, firmat q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb orientuara n\u00eb ofrimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve p\u00ebr tregjet e huaja duhet t\u00eb ishin prioritet. Duke pasur parasysh q\u00eb struktura e mosh\u00ebs e t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve \u00ebsht\u00eb relativisht e re, at\u00ebher\u00eb edhe efektet e p\u00ebrhapjes (ang. Spillovers) n\u00eb industrin\u00eb e sh\u00ebrbimeve do t\u00eb ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Zakonisht, pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e ri motivohen n\u00eb firm\u00eb ku punojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb hapur biznesin e tyre. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, p\u00ebrkrahja e firmave q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime p\u00ebr tregjet e jashtme mund t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb vende t\u00eb reja e t\u00eb mira t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Aplikimin e politikave sektoriale t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsojn\u00eb dy gj\u00ebra: mungesa e statistikave cil\u00ebsore dhe mungesa e hulumtimeve.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb kushte normale, statistikat nga Anketa e Fuqis\u00eb Pun\u00ebtore do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb na jepte shifra t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrta p\u00ebr numrin e atyre q\u00eb kan\u00eb humbur vendin e pun\u00ebs. Por, ashtu si edhe shum\u00eb raporte tjera t\u00eb institucioneve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, raportet e Agjencis\u00eb s\u00eb Statistikave jan\u00eb t\u00eb padobishme n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast. P\u00ebr shembull,\u00a0Anketa e Fuqis\u00eb Pun\u00ebtore<\/a>\u00a0p\u00ebr tremujorin e tret\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2019, thot\u00eb q\u00eb 123,901 persona ishin t\u00eb papun\u00eb, nd\u00ebrkaq n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb t\u00eb vitit\u00a02020<\/a>, numri i t\u00eb papun\u00ebve u zvog\u00eblua n\u00eb 120,348 persona. Logjika e sh\u00ebndosh\u00eb nuk mund ta pranoj\u00eb argumentin se n\u00eb vitin e pandemis\u00eb, papun\u00ebsia ka r\u00ebn\u00eb \u2013 pavar\u00ebsisht se respektohen praktikat standarde t\u00eb mbledhjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, politikat e bazuara n\u00eb hulumtime jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakta. N\u00eb fakt, jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb rralla hulumtimet e lidhjeve shkak-pasoj\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb mund t\u2019u ofronin politik\u00ebb\u00ebr\u00ebsve nj\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb t\u00eb suksesit t\u00eb incentivave. Konsideroj q\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr institucionet tona ekziston nj\u00eb num\u00ebr solid i burimeve njer\u00ebzore, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt mund t\u00eb angazhohen n\u00eb hulumtime. Qeveria e re, duhet q\u00eb krahas politikave q\u00eb i nd\u00ebrmerr, t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb ekipe hulumtuese brenda administrat\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb vler\u00ebsonin efektin e incentivave dhe do t\u00eb ofronin rekomandime.<\/p>\n

Tekefundit, edhe n\u00ebse kjo lloj politike sektoriale nuk do t\u00eb jepte efektet e pritura, do t\u00eb kishim evidenc\u00eb p\u00ebr suksesin apo mossuksesin e saj. Si\u00e7 thot\u00eb edhe ekonomisti Rodrik:\u00a0nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb problemi se qeveria b\u00ebn gabime; sepse n\u00ebse nuk b\u00ebn, i bie q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb duke punuar sa duhet<\/em>. Gjithsesi, ky argument nuk vlen kur Qeveria e p\u00ebrs\u00ebrit t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin gabim.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrderisa shpenzohen miliona euro n\u00eb masa fiskale t\u00eb pamenduara mir\u00eb, Qeveria e re duhet q\u00eb gjithsesi t\u00eb provoj\u00eb politika t\u00eb reja kreative, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb siguronin jo vet\u00ebm rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbje, por edhe zhvillim t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm ekonomik.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pandemia COVID-19 ka goditur ekonomin\u00eb bot\u00ebrore, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb miliona njer\u00ebz t\u00eb papun\u00eb. Nga kriza ekonomike, duket se personat me arsim t\u00eb ul\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb mes\u00ebm e kan\u00eb p\u00ebsuar m\u00eb s\u00eb keqi. Situat\u00eb e ngjashme \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Ndon\u00ebse nuk kemi shifra t\u00eb sakta t\u00eb individ\u00ebve q\u00eb kan\u00eb humbur vendin e pun\u00ebs, numri i tyre […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":9354,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1397,1396,1049],"ppma_author":[1012],"class_list":["post-4786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-pune","tag-qeveria","tag-zhvillimi-ekonomik"],"authors":[{"term_id":1012,"user_id":441,"is_guest":0,"slug":"albian-krasniqi","display_name":"Albian Krasniqi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Krasniqi","first_name":"Albian","description":"Albian Krasniqi \u00ebsht\u00eb kandidat p\u00ebr doktoratur\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin Teknologjik t\u00eb Dublinit, duke u specializuar p\u00ebr tregun e pun\u00ebs. Paraprakisht ka mbaruar studimet master p\u00ebr ekonomi t\u00eb zhvillimit, n\u00eb Universitetin e Sussexit, n\u00eb Angli. Albiani ka p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb pune si ekonomist n\u00eb institucionet vendore dhe organizatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4786","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/441"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4786"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4786\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8572,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4786\/revisions\/8572"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4786"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4786"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4786"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4786"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}