{"id":4809,"date":"2020-10-17T14:10:50","date_gmt":"2020-10-17T12:10:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4809"},"modified":"2024-10-25T15:16:17","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T13:16:17","slug":"pese-pasojat-tronditese-te-pabarazise-ekonomike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/pese-pasojat-tronditese-te-pabarazise-ekonomike\/","title":{"rendered":"Pes\u00eb pasojat trondit\u00ebse t\u00eb pabarazis\u00eb ekonomike"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Pabarazia n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura dhe pasuri \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga fenomenet kryesore q\u00eb diskutohet n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb zhvillimit. N\u00eb dekadat e fundit, ky fenomen \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, duke i thelluar dallimet n\u00eb mes t\u00eb pasurve kundrejt t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve. <\/span>Nj\u00eb nga faktet<\/a>\u00a0m\u00eb shokuese t\u00eb pabarazis\u00eb, thot\u00eb se 1% e njer\u00ebzve m\u00eb t\u00eb pasur n\u00eb bot\u00eb, zot\u00ebrojn\u00eb dyfishin e pasuris\u00eb t\u00eb 6.9 miliard\u00eb njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Edhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb\u00a0<\/span>\u00ebsht\u00eb raportuar<\/a>\u00a0nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb n\u00eb rritjen e pabarazis\u00eb, ku 10% e njer\u00ebzve m\u00eb t\u00eb pasur zot\u00ebrojn\u00eb 1\/3 e t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme. Gjat\u00eb vitit 2020, \u00ebsht\u00eb publikuar libri i ri i ekonomistit Lucas Chancel, i titulluar \u201cUnsustainable Inequalities\u201d, i cili diskuton p\u00ebr shum\u00eb aspekte t\u00eb pabarazis\u00eb.\u00a0<\/span>Profesor Chancel<\/a>\u00a0argumenton q\u00eb pabarazia ka efekte substanciale n\u00eb kualitetin e edukimit, rritjen ekonomike, produktivitetin n\u00eb pun\u00eb, degradimin e ambientit, polarizimin e jet\u00ebs politike, e k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kualiteti i edukimit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Niveli i pabarazis\u00eb ka ndikim t\u00eb madh n\u00eb edukimin dhe form\u00ebsimin e nj\u00eb individi.\u00a0Nj\u00eb studim n\u00eb Indi<\/a>\u00a0ka nxjerr\u00eb rezultate shum\u00eb interesante n\u00eb lidhje me ndikimin e pabarazis\u00eb, respektivisht ndarjes s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb sipas shtresave shoq\u00ebrore, n\u00eb m\u00ebsimnx\u00ebnie. Studimi p\u00ebrfshin nj\u00eb eksperiment n\u00eb shkolla, ku u k\u00ebrkohet nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve t\u00eb plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb test t\u00eb matematik\u00ebs, pa deklaruar shtres\u00ebn shoq\u00ebrore t\u00eb cil\u00ebs i p\u00ebrkasin. Rezultatet nuk tregonin ndonj\u00eb dallim t\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve nd\u00ebrmjet shtresave t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. Eksperimenti i dyt\u00eb vazhdoi me po t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebt nx\u00ebn\u00ebs, por k\u00ebt\u00eb radh\u00eb iu k\u00ebrkua q\u00eb t\u00eb shkruajn\u00eb emrin dhe shtres\u00ebn t\u00eb cil\u00ebs u takojn\u00eb. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat sugjerojn\u00eb q\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit e shtresave m\u00eb t\u00eb larta dalin m\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb testin e matematik\u00ebs. Nga autor\u00ebt kjo arsyetohet me nivelin e stresit dhe ankthin q\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit e shtresave t\u00eb ul\u00ebta p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb. N\u00eb momentin q\u00eb ata hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gar\u00eb, ndjehen inferior\u00eb dhe dalin m\u00eb keq se t\u00eb pasurit.\u00a0Rezultate t\u00eb ngjashme<\/a>\u00a0jan\u00eb evidentuar edhe n\u00eb ShBA, ku f\u00ebmij\u00ebt me ngjyr\u00eb dol\u00ebn m\u00eb keq n\u00eb test t\u00eb matematik\u00ebs, pasi iu k\u00ebrkua ta shkruajn\u00eb emrin dhe u than\u00eb q\u00eb rezultatet e testit do t\u00eb kalkulohen n\u00eb not\u00ebn finale. Paraprakisht, nuk kishte kurrfar\u00eb dallimi.<\/p>\n

Niveli i t\u00eb ardhurave\u00a0t\u00eb\u00a0nj\u00eb familjeje kosovare \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrcaktuesit kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb suksesit n\u00eb edukim. Familjet e pasura i d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt n\u00eb shkolla e kolegje private, kryesisht n\u00eb zonat urbane. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, f\u00ebmij\u00ebt q\u00eb shkollohen n\u00eb zona rurale \u2013 ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb pakta \u2013 kan\u00eb gjasa m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla, le t\u00eb themi, t\u00eb studiojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb vendit. Personalisht kam qen\u00eb p\u00ebrfitues i nj\u00ebr\u00ebs nga bursave q\u00eb sponsorizohet nga Bashkimi Evropian. Nga rreth 20 student\u00eb sa ishim duke studiuar n\u00eb Angli, vet\u00ebm nj\u00ebri kishte p\u00ebrfunduar shkollimin fillor dhe t\u00eb mes\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb qytez\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb vendit. Pjesa tjet\u00ebr, ndon\u00ebse aty-k\u00ebtu me prejardhje nga fshatrat t\u00eb ndryshme, kishin p\u00ebrfunduar shkollimin fillor dhe t\u00eb mes\u00ebm n\u00eb kryeqytet ose n\u00eb nj\u00ebrin nga qytetet e m\u00ebdha. Nga kureshtja i kam shikuar listat e p\u00ebrfituesve t\u00eb burs\u00ebs n\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e fundit. P\u00ebrs\u00ebri, n\u00eb secil\u00ebn gjenerat\u00eb, shumica e p\u00ebrfituesve jan\u00eb student\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar shkoll\u00ebn e mesme private dhe kolegjin amerikan. Pra, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb si rezultat i regjionit\u00a0vetvetiu, por i nivelit t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave, sepse edhe familjet e pasura nga zona rurale i d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, le t\u00eb themi, n\u00eb kolegjin amerikan.<\/p>\n

Rritja ekonomike<\/strong><\/p>\n

Efekti i pabarazis\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin e rritjes ekonomike \u00ebsht\u00eb tem\u00eb me konkluzione kund\u00ebrth\u00ebn\u00ebse. Ekonomisti Arthur Okun, argumenton se dallimi n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura nxit\u00eb firmat t\u00eb inovojn\u00eb dhe pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt t\u00eb punojn\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr. K\u00ebshtu, tregu \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb efi\u00e7ent. Sipas tij,\u00a0\u201cNe nuk mund marrim tort\u00ebn q\u00eb del nga efi\u00e7enca e tregut dhe ta ndajm\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt\u00a0<\/em>\u201d. Por, p\u00ebrtej diskutimeve ideologjike, ekonomist\u00eb nga Fondi Monetar Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb rishtazi kan\u00eb publikuar nj\u00eb\u00a0hulumtim<\/a>\u00a0q\u00eb vler\u00ebson politikat kund\u00ebr pabarazis\u00eb n\u00eb tri dekadat e fundit. Ata kolaudojn\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebto politika, n\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00ebn e rasteve, nuk kan\u00eb pasur efekt negativ n\u00eb rritjen ekonomike. P\u00ebrkundrazi, k\u00ebto politika stimulojn\u00eb zhvillimin e bizneseve t\u00eb vogla dhe t\u00eb mesme.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 q\u00eb nuk aplikohet ndonj\u00eb politik\u00eb aktive kund\u00ebr pabarazis\u00eb ekonomike, ka vendime institucionale q\u00eb garantojn\u00eb monopolin. E th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe, Qeveria para se t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb dizajnimin e politikave antipabarazi, duhet t\u2019i ndaloj\u00eb veprimet q\u00eb stimulojn\u00eb rritjen e hendekut mes t\u00eb pasurve kundrejt t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Produktiviteti n\u00eb pun\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Studimet e fundit<\/a>\u00a0n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e \u2018ekonomiksit t\u00eb sjelljes\u2019 tregojn\u00eb q\u00eb pabarazia n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura ndikon negativisht n\u00eb produktivitetin e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve. N\u00ebse p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt marrin paga t\u00eb ndryshme, at\u00ebher\u00eb motivi i tyre p\u00ebr pun\u00eb bie. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj,\u00a0 gjetjet e nj\u00eb studimi tjet\u00ebr tregojn\u00eb se pagat relative jan\u00eb pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebrcaktuese t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqshm\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb. Kur pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt paguhen \u00a0pak\u00ebz m\u00eb shum\u00eb se paga baz\u00eb, kjo nuk ka ndonj\u00eb efekt t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb nivelin e k\u00ebnaqshm\u00ebris\u00eb. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, n\u00ebse pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt paguhen m\u00eb pak se paga baz\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb niveli i pak\u00ebnaqshm\u00ebris\u00eb rritet duksh\u00ebm.\u00a0K\u00ebshtu, sipas profesorit Lucas Chancel, \u201cjemi shum\u00eb larg bot\u00ebs hipotetike t\u00eb Artur Okunit, ku pabarazia nxit\u00eb inovacionet dhe motivon pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt t\u00eb punojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Degradimi i ambientit<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00eb pasurit jan\u00eb ndot\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb ambientit.\u00a0E p\u00ebrkthyer n\u00eb numra<\/a>, rritja e t\u00eb ardhurave prej 1% \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me rritje t\u00eb emetimit t\u00eb karbonit me 0.6% – me ndryshime t\u00eb vogla var\u00ebsisht prej vendit. Gjithsesi, ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm. T\u00eb pasurit, pothuajse n\u00eb \u00e7do vend, jan\u00eb pronar\u00eb t\u00eb fabrikave dhe minierave q\u00eb jan\u00eb ndot\u00ebs t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb ambientit. T\u00eb pasurit, jan\u00eb ndot\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj edhe nga konsumi i tyre ditor.<\/p>\n

Numri i an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb familjes dallon shum\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet familjeve t\u00eb pasura dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve. T\u00eb par\u00ebt, jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpia t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, t\u00eb cilat shpenzojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb energji p\u00ebr ngrohje. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, familjet jo t\u00eb pasura jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb num\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebve n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn sht\u00ebpi, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb pak emetimin e karbonit p\u00ebr kok\u00eb familjari.<\/p>\n

Polarizimi i jet\u00ebs politike<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ekspert\u00ebt e shkencave politike argumentojn\u00eb se sa m\u00eb e madhe pabarazia, aq m\u00eb e polarizuar do t\u00eb jet\u00eb sfera politike. N\u00eb kushtet kur pabarazia mbetet e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, zvog\u00eblimi i k\u00ebtij polarizimi \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, top 10% e njer\u00ebzve m\u00eb t\u00eb pasur, p\u00ebrmes lobeve t\u00eb fuqishme ndikojn\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb fakt, pabarazia t\u00eb thellohet edhe m\u00eb tej. ShBA \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga vendet me pabarazin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Zgjedhjet e fundit na treguan sa e polarizuar \u00ebsht\u00eb skena politike atje. Ish presidenti Trump, kishte zvog\u00ebluar tatimet p\u00ebr elit\u00ebn e pasur duke e rritur nivelin e pabarazis\u00eb n\u00eb shifra rekorde. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn linj\u00eb, edhe polarizimi i sken\u00ebs politike duket se shkoi n\u00eb nivel rekord.<\/p>\n

Pabarazia \u00ebsht\u00eb goxha e theksuar edhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. As niveli i polarizimit politik nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl. Zgjedhjet, zakonisht, shp\u00ebrfaqin k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomen. Rrjetet sociale jan\u00eb t\u00eb st\u00ebrmbushura me statuse dhe komente partiake. Sharje e fyerje. Pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha televizionet nacionale, prej or\u00ebs 20 e deri pas mesnat\u00ebs, p\u00ebr \u00e7do nat\u00eb t\u2019lume, transmetojn\u00eb debate politike. Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm atmosfer\u00eb zgjedhore. \u00cbsht\u00eb polarizim i skajsh\u00ebm i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb ton\u00eb. Diskutimet shkojn\u00eb aq larg, saq\u00eb i nxjerrin n\u00eb sondazh dhe i ballafaqojn\u00eb Dema\u00e7in e Rugov\u00ebn \u2013 gjoja se cili ka merita m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr shtetin e Kosov\u00ebs. Duket se norma e lart\u00eb e papun\u00ebsis\u00eb, e shoq\u00ebruar me nivelin e lart\u00eb t\u00eb pabarazis\u00eb, jan\u00eb lubrifikant\u00eb t\u00eb polarizimit.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto jan\u00eb pes\u00eb pasoja t\u00eb pabarazis\u00eb n\u00eb pika t\u00eb shkurtra, t\u00eb cilat natyrisht, jan\u00eb tema n\u00eb vete. Po ashtu, pabarazia ekonomike nuk kusht\u00ebzohet vet\u00ebm me k\u00ebto pasoja. Ndoshta ka pasoj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb n\u00eb vetvete \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe se k\u00ebto t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb diskutim.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pabarazia n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura dhe pasuri \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga fenomenet kryesore q\u00eb diskutohet n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb zhvillimit. N\u00eb dekadat e fundit, ky fenomen \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, duke i thelluar dallimet n\u00eb mes t\u00eb pasurve kundrejt t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve. Nj\u00eb nga faktet\u00a0m\u00eb shokuese t\u00eb pabarazis\u00eb, thot\u00eb se 1% e njer\u00ebzve […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":8568,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1366,1394,1395],"ppma_author":[1012],"class_list":["post-4809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-ekonomia","tag-pabarazia","tag-te-ardhurat"],"authors":[{"term_id":1012,"user_id":441,"is_guest":0,"slug":"albian-krasniqi","display_name":"Albian Krasniqi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Krasniqi","first_name":"Albian","description":"Albian Krasniqi \u00ebsht\u00eb kandidat p\u00ebr doktoratur\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin Teknologjik t\u00eb Dublinit, duke u specializuar p\u00ebr tregun e pun\u00ebs. Paraprakisht ka mbaruar studimet master p\u00ebr ekonomi t\u00eb zhvillimit, n\u00eb Universitetin e Sussexit, n\u00eb Angli. Albiani ka p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb pune si ekonomist n\u00eb institucionet vendore dhe organizatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/441"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4809"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4809\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8569,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4809\/revisions\/8569"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8568"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4809"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}