{"id":4855,"date":"2021-03-01T14:08:41","date_gmt":"2021-03-01T12:08:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4855"},"modified":"2024-11-13T14:11:26","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T12:11:26","slug":"ferma-e-derrave","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/ferma-e-derrave\/","title":{"rendered":"Ferma e derrave"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ka koh\u00eb q\u00eb thuhet se populizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga shprehjet politike q\u00eb e v\u00eb demokracin\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik. Po ashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebrshtypja se secili politikan apo secila parti politike n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb caktuar mund t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht n\u00eb populiz\u00ebm, e kjo p\u00ebrshtypje nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb se nuk q\u00ebndron. Koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit kemi par\u00eb gjithandej n\u00ebp\u00ebr bot\u00eb fushata elektorale ku ligj\u00ebrimi populist, ku m\u00eb pak e ku m\u00eb shum\u00eb, ishte i pranish\u00ebm. Mbase edhe BREXIT-i ishte pothuajse kryek\u00ebput ligj\u00ebrim populist. Gjithashtu, rasti me refugjat\u00ebt nga Siria dhe vendet e tjera q\u00eb m\u00ebsyn Europ\u00ebn, alarmi q\u00eb ndezi e nxori n\u00eb pah nj\u00eb populiz\u00ebm q\u00eb her\u00eb-her\u00eb kaloi edhe n\u00eb fashiz\u00ebm. Kurse, rasti n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb, me Trump-in nxori n\u00eb pah edhe m\u00eb brisht\u00ebsin\u00eb e demokracis\u00eb, por po ashtu, shp\u00ebrfaqi edhe v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb nga kampi liberal-demokrat q\u00eb t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb forc\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ballafaqohen me populizmin q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsonte ai.<\/p>\n

Pra, si\u00e7 edhe kemi v\u00ebrejtur, k\u00ebtu kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me dy mend\u00ebsi, me dy bot\u00ebkuptime mbi realitetin. Brenda diskursit liberal-demokratik dominon ligj\u00ebrimi konkret, pa ngarkesa emocionale, me nj\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb sa m\u00eb normale dhe graduale, dhe po ashtu pa ekzagjerime (n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve) dhe si i till\u00eb ai nuk provokon tek masat adrenalin\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa, tek diskursi populist ligj\u00ebrimi politik \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb shp\u00ebrputhje me realitetin. Me shum\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb emocionale, me ofrim t\u00eb zgjidhjeve (sado t\u00eb komplikuara) p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb shkurtra, me ekzagjerime, e q\u00eb synon t\u00eb ngre adrenalin\u00ebn tek masat sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr populist\u00ebt pothuajse \u00e7do problem \u00ebsht\u00eb i thjesht, mir\u00ebpo, at\u00eb e b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb komplikuesh\u00ebm mungesa e vullnetit dhe guximit. Thjesht\u00ebzimi \u00ebsht\u00eb fondamenti diskursiv politik i tyre. P\u00ebrmes moralizimit t\u00eb politik\u00ebs populist\u00ebt nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb politike q\u00eb krijon polarizime t\u00eb forta n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri dhe ku t\u00eb mir\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebqijt\u00eb tanim\u00eb duken sikur n\u00eb mes t\u00eb nj\u00eb l\u00ebndine. P\u00ebrmes\u00a0mbithjesht\u00ebzimit\u00a0<\/em>t\u00eb problemeve dhe moralizimit t\u00eb veprimeve politike ata nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb kauza politike t\u00eb paqena, e ku p\u00ebrmes tyre synojn\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm pushtetin (at\u00eb po se po), por synojn\u00eb edhe krijimin e hendekut mes atyre q\u00eb ata i konsiderojn\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe atyre q\u00eb tanim\u00eb i kan\u00eb shpallur si\u00a0e keqja e popullit<\/em>. Krejt kjo b\u00ebhet duke u thirrur n\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajturin\u00a0vullnet i popullit<\/em>.\u00a0Vullneti i popullit<\/em>\u00a0b\u00ebhet\u00a0kolona zanore<\/em>\u00a0e kinse legjitimitetit t\u00eb tyre politik, edhe pse Christopher H. Achen dhe Larry M. Bartels,\u00a0vullnetin e popullit<\/em>\u00a0e identifikojn\u00eb me fantazin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu, vet\u00eb kategorizimi \u201cpopull\u2019 \u00ebsht\u00eb nocion abstrakt, nuk sh\u00ebnjon di\u00e7ka konkrete, prandaj, Habermas-i mendonte se\u00a0populli si kategori ekziston vet\u00ebm n\u00eb diversitet<\/em>. Por, kjo nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi p\u00ebr populist\u00ebt, sepse ata kur i referohen popullit apo vullnetit t\u00eb tij, p\u00ebr adres\u00eb kan\u00eb grupin e pak\u00ebnaqur n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri, masat q\u00eb t\u00eb mllefosura p\u00ebr shum\u00eb arsye identifikohen me ta dhe anasjelltas. Ky totalizim krijon perspektiv\u00eb interpretimi, duke\u00a0simuluar<\/em>\u00a0kriza t\u00eb paqena ose ato q\u00eb jan\u00eb duke i hiperbolizuar dhe k\u00ebshtu krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje\u00a0hiperreale<\/em>. Kriza ose prodhimi i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0mark\u00eb zjarri populiste dhe n\u00ebse e tashmja nuk ju ofron katastrofa t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t’u shfryt\u00ebzuar, at\u00ebher\u00eb duhet prodhuar katastrofat imagjinare t\u00eb s\u00eb ardhmes<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Populizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb projeksion fatalist. Krejt kjo b\u00ebhet duke moralizuar p\u00ebr gjith\u00e7ka dhe p\u00ebr \u00e7do gj\u00eb, e ku populist\u00ebt e b\u00ebjn\u00eb mbi baz\u00ebn e ekskluzivitetit moral. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 q\u00eb besojn\u00eb se kan\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn, ata besojn\u00eb se edhe moralisht jan\u00eb e drejta absolute dhe mbi baz\u00ebn e k\u00ebsaj edhe sillen n\u00eb politik\u00eb. \u201cPopulizmi, i cili kornizon politik\u00ebn si nj\u00eb betej\u00eb midis njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm dhe elitave t\u00eb korruptuara\u201d, b\u00ebn q\u00eb bazamenti i diskursit populist t\u00eb jet\u00eb morali.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7ka u tha m\u00eb lart\u00eb e zhvendosim n\u00eb nivelin e politik\u00ebs kosovare, at\u00ebher\u00eb v\u00ebrejm\u00eb se ku dhe cila m\u00eb pak ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb identifikohen me k\u00ebto shprehje populiste, e sidomos kjo qart\u00ebsohet edhe m\u00eb me fushat\u00ebn elektorale t\u00eb fundit q\u00eb u zhvillua. Mbi baz\u00ebn e nj\u00eb ligj\u00ebrimi populist q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb instaluar nga partit\u00eb dhe grupe t\u00eb ndryshme, \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb polarizim i skajsh\u00ebm n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri. Mir\u00ebpo, ky polarizim nuk vjen si rezultat i ndasive ideologjike, sepse partit\u00eb politike tek ne kan\u00eb shp\u00ebrputhje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb mes t\u00eb diskursit teorik dhe veprimit politik. Ajo \u00e7far\u00eb propagandojn\u00eb dhe ajo \u00e7ka veprojn\u00eb pastaj jan\u00eb t\u00eb papajtueshme. Prandaj, polarizimi duke mos qen\u00eb me baz\u00eb ideologjike, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb vulgar, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb i shtres\u00ebzuar mbi baz\u00ebn inateve, e t\u00eb cilat vijn\u00eb si pasoj\u00eb e mospajtimeve n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve mbi t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn. I gjith\u00eb ky mllef u kanalizua n\u00ebp\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha partit\u00eb politike dhe ku nga aty u plasua p\u00ebrmes ligj\u00ebrimit populist.<\/p>\n

Ndarja n\u00eb \u201cata\u201d q\u00eb identifikohen me defektin n\u00eb histori, me korrupsionin n\u00eb qeverisje dhe t\u00eb keqen n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, dhe n\u00eb \u201cne\u201d q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb\u00a0vullnetin e popullit<\/em>\u00a0p\u00ebr liri, p\u00ebr demokraci, p\u00ebr past\u00ebrti morale e politike, rrjedhimisht t\u00eb mir\u00ebn, \u00ebsht\u00eb kauza politike q\u00eb i karakterizon t\u00eb gjitha partite politike n\u00eb vend. Nisur nga ky simplifikim, at\u00ebher\u00eb vijm\u00eb edhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin, si\u00e7 thot\u00eb Jan-Werner M\u00fcller: \u201cNe kemi nj\u00eb publik t\u00eb gjer\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb injorant n\u00eb lidhje me \u00e7\u00ebshtjet publike dhe shum\u00eb i ndjesh\u00ebm ndaj parullave thjesht\u00ebzuese\u201d, at\u00ebher\u00eb krijohen mekanizma t\u00eb shantazhit moral mbi t\u00eb cilat u nd\u00ebrtua ngrehina e t\u00eb mir\u00ebve dhe e t\u00eb k\u00ebqinj\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Totalizimi se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb pushtet jan\u00eb t\u00eb korruptuar \u00ebsht\u00eb jo i sakt\u00eb, sikruse q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e pasakt\u00eb p\u00ebrshtypja se ata q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb qeverisur jan\u00eb t\u00eb past\u00ebrt, kjo p\u00ebr faktin e vet\u00ebm, sepse trajtimi n\u00eb bllok e zhvleft\u00ebson p\u00ebrgjrgj\u00ebsin\u00eb individuale dhe i penalizon edhe ata q\u00eb ishin\/jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm. N\u00ebse, qoft\u00eb vet\u00ebm edhe nj\u00eb zyrtar\/politikan nuk ishte\/\u00ebsht\u00eb i\/e korruptuar, at\u00ebher\u00eb e prish rendin e gj\u00ebrave, sepse si\u00e7 thoshte Karl Popper-i n\u00ebse brenda llojit t\u00eb pul\u00ebbardhave ekziston nj\u00eb pul\u00ebbardh\u00eb e zez\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb themi se t\u00eb gjitha pul\u00ebbardhat jan\u00eb t\u00eb bardha (si\u00e7!).<\/p>\n

Marr\u00eb parasysh se jetojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrvarur me t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb digjitalizuar po ashtu, problemet lokale jo \u00e7doher\u00eb jan\u00eb edhe t\u00eb tilla. Nj\u00eb problem lokal mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb efekte globale dhe anasjelltas. Oferta populiste se kinse ka zgjidhje p\u00ebr gjith\u00e7ka dhe \u00e7do gj\u00eb, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb mashtrim ordiner, por mund t\u00eb prodhoj\u00eb edhe d\u00ebme t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Shpesh mendohet se populizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb\u00a0irritim momental politik<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb rendin demokratik dhe se shum\u00eb shpejt ai pushon s\u00eb qeni i pranish\u00ebm nd\u00ebr ne. P\u00ebrderisa kemi politikan\u00eb q\u00eb veten e projektojn\u00eb si pjes\u00eb inherente t\u00eb halleve t\u00eb\u00a0popullit<\/em>, nd\u00ebrsa kauz\u00ebn e tyre si domosdoshm\u00ebri historike, e kur kemi parasysh se populizmi veprimtarin\u00eb e tij e ushtron edhe me metoda demokratike, at\u00ebher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb iluzion se ai do t\u00eb zhduket leht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ndoshta nj\u00eb sjellje t\u00eb till\u00eb populiste m\u00eb s\u2019miri do ta ilustronte derri Skuileri. Kur ata (derrat) gjenden n\u00ebn akuzat se po merrnin qum\u00ebshtin dhe moll\u00ebt vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr vete, derri Skuileri ju drejtohet k\u00ebshtu shtaz\u00ebve t\u00eb ferm\u00ebs: \u201cShok\u00eb, s\u2019besoj t\u2019ju shkoj\u00eb nd\u00ebr mend se mos ne, derrat, po e b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb duke u nisur nga interesi personal p\u00ebr t\u2019i krijuar vetes privilegje. \u00c7\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e mir\u00eb prej nesh nuk i v\u00eb n\u00eb goj\u00eb as qum\u00ebshtin dhe as moll\u00ebt. Por jemi t\u00eb detyruar t\u2019i marrim me zor dhe me t\u00eb vetmin synim: ruajtjen e sh\u00ebndetit.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 e ka v\u00ebrtetuar edhe Shkenca Bashk\u00ebkohore, shok\u00eb, qum\u00ebshti dhe moll\u00ebt p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb substanca absolutisht t\u00eb domosdoshme p\u00ebr mir\u00ebqenien e derrave. Ne, derrat, shok\u00eb, b\u00ebjm\u00eb pun\u00eb mendore, mbi supet tona ka r\u00ebn\u00eb barra e drejtimit dhe udh\u00ebheqjes s\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb ferm\u00ebs. As gjumi i nat\u00ebs nuk na z\u00eb nga meraku q\u00eb kemi p\u00ebr mbar\u00ebvajtjen tuaj. P\u00ebr ju, dhe vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr ju, jemi t\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb pim\u00eb at\u00eb far\u00eb qum\u00ebshti dhe t\u00eb ham\u00eb ato palo moll\u00eb. Po a e dini se \u00e7\u2019rrezik na kanoset t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve po t\u00eb mos na krijohen ne, derrave, leht\u00ebsira p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer si duhet detyr\u00ebn? Kthehet Xhonsi. Po, po! Do t\u00eb kthehet Xhonsi, Pa diskutim, shok\u00eb! Nuk ma do mendja t\u00eb ket\u00eb midis jush ndonj\u00eb q\u00eb ka qejf t\u2019i kthehet Xhonsi, apo jo?\u201d (GeorgeOrwell,\u00a0Ferma e kafsh\u00ebve<\/em>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ka koh\u00eb q\u00eb thuhet se populizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga shprehjet politike q\u00eb e v\u00eb demokracin\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik. Po ashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebrshtypja se secili politikan apo secila parti politike n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb caktuar mund t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht n\u00eb populiz\u00ebm, e kjo p\u00ebrshtypje nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb se nuk q\u00ebndron. Koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit kemi par\u00eb gjithandej n\u00ebp\u00ebr […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":266,"featured_media":10162,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1047,868,1048],"ppma_author":[733],"class_list":["post-4855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-demokracia","tag-politika","tag-populizmi"],"authors":[{"term_id":733,"user_id":266,"is_guest":0,"slug":"dritan-dragusha","display_name":"Dritan Dragusha","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/dritan.webp","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/dritan.webp"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Dragusha","first_name":"Dritan","description":"Dritan Dragusha \u00ebsht\u00eb i diplomuar n\u00eb filozofi, n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs. Dritani \u00ebsht\u00eb i fokusuar n\u00eb teori t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs dhe gjithashtu n\u00eb let\u00ebrsi, kinema dhe muzik\u00eb. Po ashtu, merret edhe me gazetari. \u00cbsht\u00eb kolumnist i rregullt n\u00eb platform\u00ebn online \"sbunker.net\". Ka qen\u00eb edhe m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebs i filozofis\u00eb dhe etik\u00ebs n\u00eb \"The British School Kosova\". Bashkautor n\u00eb projektin kulturor televiziv \"Filozofema\", n\u00eb Radio Televizionin e Kosov\u00ebs. Aktualisht Dritani \u00ebsht\u00eb autor dhe moderator i emisionit \"Prizma\", n\u00eb televizionin T7."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/266"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4855"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10163,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4855\/revisions\/10163"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10162"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4855"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}