N\u00eb anglisht, katunarit i thon\u00eb \u201cqaf\u00ebkuq\u201d, \u201chillbilly\u201d. N\u00eb fakt, k\u00ebto dy fjal\u00eb i referohen personave q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb disa zona t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs, por shpesh p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u2019iu referuar personave t\u00eb varf\u00ebr, t\u00eb bardh\u00eb e q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb zona rurale, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti ata n\u00eb jug. Nj\u00eb \u201cqaf\u00ebkuq\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb fermer i varf\u00ebr, q\u00eb ka nj\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs pun\u00ebtore, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb pak ose aspak i arsimuar apo rafinuar, por q\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb ka nj\u00eb arm\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00eb dhe bindje raciste mbi bot\u00ebn. Ai p\u00ebr\u00e7mohet nga banor\u00ebt e qyteteve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb veriut, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb kapital kulturor krahas atij ekonomik, si dhe kan\u00eb bindje shum\u00eb m\u00eb liberale.<\/p>\n
Ka shum\u00eb dallime midis katunar\u00ebve dhe liberal\u00ebve urban\u00eb, por nj\u00eb dallim shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me shijen, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ka shkruar sociologu fr\u00ebng Pierre Bourdieu n\u00eb librin e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, me titull shum\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm, \u201cLa Distinction\u201d. Sipas k\u00ebsaj skeme ve\u00e7uese, katunar\u00ebt jan\u00eb ata q\u00eb konsumojn\u00eb pije t\u00eb gazuara, Coca Cola apo Fanta, dhe birr\u00eb; vozitin kamion\u00eb pick-up, d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb muzik\u00eb country, shikojn\u00eb kanalin Fox news, arg\u00ebtohen duke ushtruar qitje me arm\u00eb, dhe ende e mbajn\u00eb karfic\u00ebn \u201cSarah Palin p\u00ebr presidente\u201d. Liberal\u00ebt urban\u00eb konsumojn\u00eb ver\u00eb, vozitin vetura por gjithashtu ngasin bi\u00e7ikleta kur t\u00eb munden, d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb shum\u00eb zhanre muzikore por jo kaq jasht\u00eb mode si country, shikojn\u00eb MSNBC, lobojn\u00eb kund\u00ebr arm\u00ebmbajtjes, dhe kan\u00eb votuar p\u00ebr Obam\u00ebn.<\/p>\n
Apo jo? Ndoshta po, por jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. N\u00eb fakt, katunar\u00ebt dhe elitat urbane jan\u00eb stereotipe, ato q\u00eb i madhi Walter Lipmann i quante \u201cpiktura n\u00eb mendjen ton\u00eb\u201d. Kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ekzistojn\u00eb, por nuk jan\u00eb grupe t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta, jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsime t\u00eb mjedisit ton\u00eb social t\u00eb cilat i kemi krijuar ne. E nj\u00ebjta mund t\u00eb thuhet p\u00ebr kategorit\u00eb e imagjinuara t\u00eb \u201ckatunarit\u201d dhe \u201cqytetarit\u201d. Jan\u00eb t\u00eb trilluara, jo plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb pabaza sepse mb\u00ebshteteten n\u00eb disa fakte praktike, por prap\u00ebseprap\u00eb t\u00eb trilluara.<\/p>\n
Idet\u00eb fiktive nuk e kapin dot diversitetin e realitetit. Si \u201cpiktura n\u00eb mendjen ton\u00eb\u201d ato riprodhojn\u00eb nj\u00eb imazh statik, t\u00eb pjessh\u00ebm t\u00eb realitetit, edhe pse ato vet\u00eb jan\u00eb fleksibile dhe t\u00eb ndryshueshme. Ne i krijojm\u00eb, i manipulojm\u00eb dhe i p\u00ebrdorim ato teksa luftojm\u00eb p\u00ebr pushtet.<\/p>\n
Ato q\u00eb ne i mendojm\u00eb si deklarata faktike \u2013 \u201cai \u00ebsht\u00eb katunar\u201d ose \u201cajo \u00ebsht\u00eb urbane\u201d \u2013 kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me gjykime mbi vlerat, sepse \u201cqaf\u00ebkuqi\u201d, si katunar, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb personazh i degraduar i shoq\u00ebrive moderne. N\u00eb \u201cQuaderni dal Carcere\u201d, Antonio Gramsci paraqiti paragraf\u00ebt historik dhe semantik q\u00eb e shnd\u00ebrruan fjal\u00ebn fr\u00ebnge \u201ct\u00eb krishter\u00eb\u201d, chr\u00e9tien, n\u00eb fjal\u00ebn cr\u00e9tin (italisht cretino, anglisht cretin): meq\u00eb fshatar\u00ebt i referoheshin vetes me termin chretien, kjo fjal\u00eb mori kuptimin \u201cbudalla\u201d.<\/p>\n
Dallimi n\u00eb shije midis katunar\u00ebve dhe elit\u00ebs urbane, n\u00eb fakt, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb neutrale ndaj vlerave, sepse njer\u00ebzit urban gjithashtu p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb hierarkin\u00eb e shijes n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri, q\u00eb, si\u00e7 thot\u00eb Bordieu, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb dominimi. Fanta \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00eb mode, vera \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb mod\u00eb. Dhe jo vet\u00ebm kaq, edhe birra \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb mod\u00eb, por duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb artizanale vendore n\u00eb shishe me etiket\u00eb atraktive. Marketingu komercial \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur mbi stereotipe q\u00eb kur Lipmann foli p\u00ebr fuqin\u00eb e tyre n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb nj\u00ebzet\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Marketingu politik e mori t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin m\u00ebsim. Ai i ofron publikut stereotipe n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb spektakleve, si\u00e7 parashikoi Theodor Adorno, duke sh\u00ebrbyer imazhe t\u00eb paketuara t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve autentik dhe inautentik. N\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn, imazhi i katunarit, i interpretuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme, shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb ikon\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrshtatur me trajtat e konstruktuara t\u00eb karakterit komb\u00ebtar. Prandaj, ky imazh nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb koherent. P\u00ebrfshin karakteristika t\u00eb degraduara dhe jofisnike, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb i hapur ndaj manipulimit.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr shembull, ata q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb katunar\u00eb, kur luftojn\u00eb p\u00ebr pushtet, shpesh b\u00ebhen sikur t\u00eb till\u00eb. George Bush i pari, si shembull, pati v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u2019u lidhur me elektoratin n\u00eb vitin 1988 derisa e ndryshoi imazhin dhe u shnd\u00ebrrua nga nj\u00eb person i urt\u00eb dhe elegant, n\u00eb nj\u00eb burr\u00eb me \u00e7izme, me t\u00eb folur t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr, p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues anti-intelektual<\/p>\n
i trajtave t\u00eb stereotipizuara amerikane q\u00eb i mveshen kaubojit \u2013 katunari romantik si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nga Hollivudi. I biri i tij, George W. Bush b\u00ebri pik\u00ebrisht t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb, por ishte m\u00eb e leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb, sepse ai v\u00ebrtet\u00eb ishte anti-intelektual.<\/p>\n
Bill Clinton, nj\u00eb katunar \u201cautentik\u201d i cili gjithashtu, si shum\u00eb \u201ckatunar\u00eb\u201d t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, i edukuar n\u00eb shkollat m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, tejet intelektual dhe liberal, u desh t\u00eb shtirej si \u201ckatunar\u201d dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebhej \u201cBubba\u201d, p\u00ebr ta bindur elektoratin e klas\u00ebs pun\u00ebtore amerikane q\u00eb ishte edhe ky nj\u00ebri nga ata. P\u00ebr Obam\u00ebn ishte padyshim e pamundur ta performonte rolin e katunarit, madje ai u p\u00ebrball me momente t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira kur rival\u00ebt republikan\u00eb e konfrontuan me \u201cJoe hidraulikun\u201d. \u201cJoe hidrauliku\u201d tejet mashkullor, i vet\u00ebpun\u00ebsuar, konservator, fliste gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, direkte dhe idiomatike, p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsonte n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkryer versionin e kund\u00ebrt t\u00eb Obam\u00ebs, i cili duke qen\u00eb i sofistikuar, doli t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb pak \u201cburr\u00ebror\u201d.<\/p>\n
Gjinia, natyrisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuarit e simbolizmit t\u00eb katunarit. Aq shum\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i ngarkuar me stereotipe gjinore ky debat, saq\u00eb John Kerry, veteran i dekoruar i luft\u00ebs dhe burr\u00eb shum\u00eb guximtar n\u00eb betej\u00eb dhe jasht\u00eb saj, u portretizua si i zhburr\u00ebruar dhe anti-amerikan. P\u00ebr cilat arsye? Sepse kishte diplomuar n\u00eb Harvard, fliste fr\u00ebngjisht, pinte ver\u00eb dhe ishte aq liberal sa t\u00eb kritikonte krimet e luft\u00ebs q\u00eb kishte kryer vendi i tij.<\/p>\n
Njer\u00ebzit urban\u00eb padyshim jan\u00eb t\u00eb konstruktuar si m\u00eb pak autentik sepse jan\u00eb m\u00eb kozmopolitan\u00eb, m\u00eb t\u00eb hapur ndaj kulturave t\u00eb ndryshme dhe si rrjedhoj\u00eb, m\u00eb pak t\u00eb lidhur p\u00ebr identitetin konkret komb\u00ebtar. Por q\u00eb qaf\u00ebkuqi\/katunari t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb ikon\u00eb komb\u00ebtare, ai duhet t\u00eb fisnik\u00ebrohet p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrshtatur me q\u00ebllime t\u00eb caktuara. T\u2019i kthehemi Ballkanit. N\u00eb vitin 1918, studiuesi dhe diplomati serb Jovan Cvijic shpiku burrin Dinarik (bjeshkatari, apo versioni i fisnik\u00ebruar i katunarit), p\u00ebr t\u00eb mish\u00ebruar cil\u00ebsit\u00eb heroike t\u00eb shpirtit komb\u00ebtar por t\u00eb pasofistikuar serb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb stereotip, ata q\u00eb banonin n\u00eb male q\u00eb shtriheshin n\u00eb Bregun Adriatik, nga Sllovenia e sotme deri te Shkodra ishin serb\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb past\u00ebr sepse nuk ishin kontaminuar kurr\u00eb nga zakonet orientale osmane. Shqiptar\u00ebt nuk p\u00ebrfshiheshin n\u00eb tipologjin\u00eb ballkanike t\u00eb Cvijicit, edhe pse jetonin n\u00eb po t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat male. Ai i shihte ata si aq t\u00eb pacivilizuar, saq\u00eb as q\u00eb i p\u00ebrfshiu n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kategori. Ai i paraqiti k\u00ebto ide raciste n\u00eb fr\u00ebngjisht, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur vizionin e nj\u00eb Jugosllavie t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr nga serb\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
Poeti Gjergj Fishta propozoi q\u00eb bjeshkatari \u2013 versioni i fisnik\u00ebruar i katunarit \u2013 ishte shqiptar m\u00eb origjinal. Kur fliste me v\u00ebllain e tij fran\u00e7eskan Pal Dodaj mbi dob\u00ebsin\u00eb e l\u00ebvizjes komb\u00ebtare emancipuese shqiptare, ai shkruante n\u00eb vitin 1907 se: \u201cKush mendoni se mund ta nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend? Ndoshta kretin\u00ebt, qyqar\u00ebt, t\u00eb paturp\u00ebt, burrat tan\u00eb urban\u00eb q\u00eb s\u2019kan\u00eb karakter, q\u00eb b\u00ebhen edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt kur b\u00ebjn\u00eb ndere prapa skene p\u00ebr patron\u00ebt e interesuar, dhe m\u00eb budallenj nga mbrojtja e tyre dob\u00ebt? Jo, padyshim q\u00eb jo. Sidoqoft\u00eb, shtysa p\u00ebr p\u00ebrparim civil dhe ekonomik t\u00eb kombit duhet t\u00eb vij\u00eb nga qytetet. Por un\u00eb ju them, do t\u00eb ishte problematike sikur fshatrat dhe malet tona t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin si\u00e7 jan\u00eb qytetet \u2013 vatrat e civilizimit!\u201d<\/p>\n
Ikoninizimi i outsajderit t\u00eb parafinuar jourban si hero komb\u00ebtar \u00ebsht\u00eb i fuqish\u00ebm. Por m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti hyn n\u00eb pun\u00eb kur \u00ebsht\u00eb i shtirur. N\u00eb fakt, politikani m\u00eb i famsh\u00ebm amerikan i njohur si katunar kauboj \u00ebsht\u00eb Ronald Reagan, q\u00eb s\u2019ishte fare i till\u00eb, por e luajti rolin mjaft mir\u00eb. Outsajderi i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb vet\u00ebm figur\u00eb e romantizuar. Regjisori dhe krijuesi i miteve, John Ford, e shpjegoi k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb filmin e vitit 1962 \u201cWho Shot Liberty Valance\u201d. Jimmy Steward, nj\u00eb avokat urban shkon n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim, ku p\u00ebrballet dhe e vret Lee Marvin-in, kriminelin Valance q\u00eb po terrorizon qytetin e vog\u00ebl. Ky akt ia siguron atij nj\u00eb vend n\u00eb senat dhe n\u00eb zemr\u00ebn e Vera Miles. Vite m\u00eb von\u00eb, ai e pranon q\u00eb ishte John Wayne, kauboji i parafinuar por i fort\u00eb, i cili e vrau Valance-n dhe ia shp\u00ebtoi jet\u00ebn.<\/p>\n
Nuk ka asgj\u00eb m\u00eb amerikane sesa John Wayne me arm\u00eb, q\u00eb flet direkt dhe me p\u00ebr\u00e7mim ndaj intelektualit t\u00eb dob\u00ebt, t\u00eb rafinuar dhe urban q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb hidhet n\u00eb aksion. Wayne \u00ebsht\u00eb heroi q\u00eb sakrifikon gjith\u00e7ka, madje edhe t\u00eb dashur\u00ebn e tij Miles, ashtu q\u00eb tipi urban t\u00eb ket\u00eb sukses politik, duke iu p\u00ebrshtatur m\u00eb s\u00eb miri shoq\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb civilizuar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u00eb anglisht, katunarit i thon\u00eb \u201cqaf\u00ebkuq\u201d, \u201chillbilly\u201d. N\u00eb fakt, k\u00ebto dy fjal\u00eb i referohen personave q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb disa zona t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs, por shpesh p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u2019iu referuar personave t\u00eb varf\u00ebr, t\u00eb bardh\u00eb e q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb zona rurale, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti ata n\u00eb jug. Nj\u00eb \u201cqaf\u00ebkuq\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb fermer i varf\u00ebr, q\u00eb […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":565,"featured_media":11636,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[2195,2194,999,991],"ppma_author":[2193],"class_list":["post-5008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-dallimet-klasore","tag-qafekuq","tag-shba","tag-shoqeria"],"authors":[{"term_id":2193,"user_id":565,"is_guest":0,"slug":"anna-dilellio","display_name":"Anna di Lellio","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Anna01-1-e1735047538322.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Anna01-1-e1735047538322.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"di Lellio","first_name":"Anna","description":"Anna di Lellio \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sociologe, gazetare dhe ish-konsulente n\u00eb Kombet e Bashkuara."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5008","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/565"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5008"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5008\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11638,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5008\/revisions\/11638"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11636"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5008"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=5008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}