Imagjinoni dy familje, me karakteristika demografike identike \u2013 i nj\u00ebjti num\u00ebr i f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, t\u00eb dy prind\u00ebrit prezent\u00eb, q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi\/banes\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebn (do t\u00eb thot\u00eb jo me qira). Tash imagjinoni q\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurat vjetore t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre dy familjeve jan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta. N\u00ebse e shohim si statistik\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave familjare, dhe t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies s\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb familjes, ekonomikisht k\u00ebto dy familje kan\u00eb standard t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs. \u00c7ka statistikat l\u00ebn\u00eb anash, dhe \u00e7ka ekonomia deri von\u00eb ka anashkaluar n\u00eb analiza, jan\u00eb specifikat e k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, e jan\u00eb po ato dallimet delikate n\u00ebn statistika \u00e7ka p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb, n\u00eb fakt, nivelin e mir\u00ebqenies p\u00ebrtej nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Tash le ta shohim at\u00eb \u00e7ka statistikat nuk e tregojn\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn nga k\u00ebto familje punon vet\u00ebm nj\u00ebri prind, t\u00eb themi baba (p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb af\u00ebrsis\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe me realitetin), nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb familjen tjet\u00ebr punojn\u00eb t\u00eb dy prind\u00ebrit. N\u00eb familjen e par\u00eb, n\u00ebna, sigurisht i dedikon nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb or\u00ebve t\u00eb saj kujdesit ndaj f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, mir\u00ebmbajtjes s\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb k\u00ebtu pastrimin e p\u00ebrgatitjen e ushqimit. N\u00eb familjen e dyt\u00eb, duke qen\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb dy prind\u00ebrit punojn\u00eb, numri i or\u00ebve t\u00eb dedikuara ndaj pun\u00ebve t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb dhe kujdesit ndaj f\u00ebmij\u00ebve bie. N\u00eb nj\u00eb model kaq t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, shpejt mund t\u00eb konstatojm\u00eb q\u00eb mir\u00ebqenia n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi e dy familjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb e ndryshme, duke qen\u00eb familja e par\u00eb q\u00eb ka mir\u00ebqenie m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta. Sidoqoft\u00eb, nj\u00eb konstatim i till\u00eb, s\u00ebrish \u00ebsht\u00eb i ngutsh\u00ebm, duhet modelim m\u00eb i detajuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb kalkuluar diferenc\u00ebn n\u00eb mir\u00ebqenie. N\u00eb familjen e dyt\u00eb, kompensimi i kujdesit ndaj f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, ose b\u00ebhet duke marr\u00eb ndihm\u00eb nga jasht\u00eb \u2013 gj\u00eb q\u00eb i ul t\u00eb ardhurat reale p\u00ebr konsum t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj familje duke e ulur k\u00ebshtu mir\u00ebqenien e tyre totale, \u2013 \u00a0ose, ajo \u00e7ka ndodh zakonisht, n\u00ebna p\u00ebrve\u00e7 pun\u00ebs n\u00eb treg, dedikon edhe koh\u00ebn e saj p\u00ebr p\u00ebrkujdesje ndaj sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, dhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, duke e minimizuar mir\u00ebqenien ekonomike t\u00eb saj. Tendenca p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuantifikuar mir\u00ebqenien vet\u00ebm sipas t\u00eb ardhurave dhe standardit t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb e mang\u00ebt. Analiza e dy familjeve me karakteristika t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta p\u00ebr t\u00eb ilustruar k\u00ebt\u00eb problem, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00eb e thjesht\u00ebsuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00eb e komplikuar \u00ebsht\u00eb diskutuar nga ekonomist\u00ebt feminist\u00eb n\u00eb dekadat e fundit, n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjeke p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb metod\u00eb m\u00eb gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse p\u00ebr matjen e mir\u00ebqenies, se ajo e ekonomis\u00eb kapitaliste e patriarkale t\u00eb tregut.<\/p>\n
M\u00ebnyra si i alokojm\u00eb or\u00ebt q\u00eb i kemi n\u00eb dispozicion gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs ekonomist\u00ebt e matin me utila (dobishm\u00ebri) \u2013 nj\u00eb matje e thjesht\u00eb se njer\u00ebzit racional\u00eb do t\u00eb vendosin t\u00eb alokojn\u00eb koh\u00ebn e tyre drejt asaj q\u00eb i sjell m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti dobi. M\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb e matjes b\u00ebhet n\u00eb mes t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb alokuar duke kryer pun\u00eb produktive t\u00eb tregut dhe koh\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb. Derisa dobia nga puna e tregut, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn paguhemi, e tejkalon dobin\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb na sjell\u00eb koha e lir\u00eb, do t\u00eb punojm\u00eb. Sidoqoft\u00eb, secili person e ka nj\u00eb pik\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn dobia (e matur me rrog\u00eb p\u00ebr or\u00eb) nga puna e tregut barazohet me dobin\u00eb nga koha e lir\u00eb, dhe nga aty njeriu racional preferon t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb koh\u00ebn duke iu dedikuar aktiviteteve t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb. K\u00ebt\u00eb trajektore e p\u00ebrcjell njeriu ekonomik racional, i cili vepron n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i maksimizuar utilat. Megjithat\u00eb, kjo teori i ka t\u00eb metat aty ku p\u00ebrfundon racionalja ekonomike dhe fillon definimi i koncepteve n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb bot\u00ebkuptimeve shoq\u00ebrore. Koncepti i koh\u00ebs se lir\u00eb dallon n\u00eb baza gjinore dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe koncept mashkullor. N\u00eb model dy-dimensional jan\u00eb burrat, ata t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e maksimizojn\u00eb dobin\u00eb e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre duke kombinuar alokimin e or\u00ebve n\u00eb mes t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tregut dhe koh\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb. Maksimizimi i dobis\u00eb s\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb grave b\u00ebhet kryesisht n\u00eb mes t\u00eb ndarjes s\u00eb koh\u00ebs n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e tregut dhe pun\u00ebn n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, si dy dimensionet dominante.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb konceptin e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb, le t\u2019i kthehemi familjeve t\u00eb sip\u00ebrp\u00ebrmendura. N\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe konstrukti shoq\u00ebror e kulturor dikton, sidomos tek ne, se grat\u00eb jan\u00eb ato q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, dhe pun\u00ebt e kujdesit (ndaj f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, ndaj t\u00eb moshuarve). Kjo, i l\u00eb grat\u00eb me nj\u00eb funksion t\u00eb maksimizimit t\u00eb dobis\u00eb me koh\u00ebn e tyre, t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm me at\u00eb t\u00eb burrave. P\u00ebrtej k\u00ebsaj, ky konstrukt, i rr\u00ebnjosur si e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, v\u00ebshtir\u00eb e l\u00ebkundshme, gjithashtu i l\u00eb grat\u00eb t\u00eb detyruara n\u00eb k\u00ebto pun\u00eb, p\u00ebrtej pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre n\u00eb treg t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. Duke qen\u00eb se roli i till\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje i takon gruas si nj\u00eb pritshm\u00ebri shoq\u00ebrore, kjo dinamik\u00eb krijon disbalanc n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb familjare, duke e forcuar rolin e burrit dhe duke e dob\u00ebsuar rolin e gruas n\u00eb
\nvendimmarrje. Pra, n\u00eb cil\u00ebndo nga familjet e imagjinuara, gruaja do t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb pozit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt n\u00eb cil\u00ebndo vendimmarrje familjare. Roli i primar i gruas, n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb ton\u00eb patriarkale, ende vazhdon t\u00eb mbetet ai i n\u00ebn\u00ebs dhe i nuses, asaj q\u00eb kujdeset p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb familjes. P\u00ebrderisa nuk ka asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos u admiruar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rol, fakti mbetet q\u00eb ky rol i grave nuk vler\u00ebsohet dhe nuk u jep atyre aspak fuqi negociuese brenda ekonomis\u00eb familjare.<\/p>\n
Statistikat n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb e ilustrojn\u00eb bukur at\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb u tha deri me tash. Shkalla e pjes\u00ebmarrjes n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb pun\u00ebtore \u00ebsht\u00eb rreh 20% p\u00ebr grat\u00eb, n\u00eb krahasim me rreth 60% p\u00ebr burrat n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Mospjes\u00ebmarrjen n\u00eb fuqi pun\u00ebtore, as edhe nj\u00eb p\u00ebr qind e burrave nuk e arsyetojn\u00eb me kujdesin p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt apo t\u00eb rriturit me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb kufizuara, derisa (\u00e7udit\u00ebrisht) mbi 2% e grave e japin k\u00ebt\u00eb arsyetim. Sidoqoft\u00eb, rreth 40% e grave, e 2% e burrave nuk jan\u00eb aktiv\u00eb n\u00eb treg t\u00eb pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr arsye tjera personale ose familjare. Edhe pse n\u00eb diskrecionin e t\u00eb anketuarve, arsyet e sip\u00ebrp\u00ebrmendura ngjasojn\u00eb me p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsit\u00eb familjare dhe sht\u00ebpiake t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb pritje t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb ndaj grave.<\/p>\n
T\u2019i kthehemi edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb familjeve hipotetike dhe mir\u00ebqenies s\u00eb tyre. Dallimi n\u00eb mir\u00ebqenie t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre dy familjeve, n\u00eb modelin e par\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00ebsuar, bie i t\u00ebri tek alokimi i or\u00ebve t\u00eb prind\u00ebrve n\u00eb kujdesin ndaj f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe sht\u00ebpis\u00eb. M\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht, n\u00eb rastin e par\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebna q\u00eb duke dedikuar koh\u00ebn e saj n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, e rrit mir\u00ebqenien e familjes, p\u00ebrtej t\u00eb ardhurave monetare t\u00eb cilat i sjell baba n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb familjare. Si e till\u00eb, n\u00ebna jep kontribut t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb mir\u00ebqenien e familjes, kontribut ky i cili duhet jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb pranohet por edhe t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohet, n\u00eb vend se t\u00eb merret si i qen\u00eb. N\u00eb modelimin m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave dhe mir\u00ebqenies familjare, n\u00eb rastin e familjes s\u00eb dyt\u00eb, \u00e7far\u00ebdo pagese e nevojshme q\u00eb i transferohet dikujt q\u00eb pun\u00ebsohet p\u00ebr t\u2019u kujdesur ndaj f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe ndaj sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb shpenzim q\u00eb ul t\u00eb ardhurat e mbetura p\u00ebr konsum dhe kursim t\u00eb familjes. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb metod\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb matet kontributi i grave n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb familjare \u2013 duke i llogaritur t\u00eb ardhurat q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb shpenzohen n\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm si kontribut i gruas n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb familjare. Metoda tjera t\u00eb propozuara p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb kalkulimin e p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt t\u00eb kontributit monetar p\u00ebr or\u00eb t\u00eb kujdesit sht\u00ebpiak, p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim m\u00eb t\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb kontributit n\u00eb mir\u00ebqenien familjare.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, metodat ekonomike t\u00eb kalkulimit t\u00eb kontributit n\u00eb ekonomi familjare edhe e hapin rrug\u00ebn, ato nuk e zgjidhin problemin e vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb kontributit t\u00eb grave. Derisa bota ka evoluar nga sistemi ekonomi i bazuar n\u00eb agrikultur\u00eb, n\u00eb sistem t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb industrializim dhe sh\u00ebrbime, roli i gruas n\u00eb familje dhe treg t\u00eb pun\u00ebs ka stagnuar. Puna jasht\u00eb tregut dhe transferet brenda familjes (qofshin ato n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb ushqimit apo kujdesit) mbesin t\u00eb pamatura dhe si rezultat edhe t\u00eb pavler\u00ebsuara, dhe koincidentalisht jan\u00eb edhe pun\u00eb t\u00eb kryera n\u00eb mas\u00eb d\u00ebrmuese nga grat\u00eb. Si t\u00eb tilla, grat\u00eb mbesin rob t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb familjes, duke luajtur rol tejet t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb mir\u00ebqenien e familjes, por rol t\u00eb neglizhuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb vendimmarrje n\u00eb familje. N\u00eb raste t\u00eb divorcit, grat\u00eb nuk marrin pjes\u00ebn reale t\u00eb pasuris\u00eb q\u00eb u takon, sepse kontributi i tyre n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb familjare kurr\u00eb nuk vler\u00ebsohet drejt\u00ebsisht. E ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e dhimbshmja \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00eb rastet e keqtrajtimit dhe dhun\u00ebs ndaj tyre, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb ekonomike, grat\u00eb mbesin peng t\u00eb lidhjeve e martesave abuzuese. Sepse, ende, grat\u00eb jan\u00eb rob t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, e jo pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebse t\u00eb barabarta.<\/p>\n
E p\u00ebr t\u00eb rregulluar k\u00ebto padrejt\u00ebsi q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb pabarazi, duhet t\u00eb punojm\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb tejkaluar pritjet shoq\u00ebrore q\u00eb pun\u00ebt e kujdesit, pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, e obligimet familjare jan\u00eb detyrim dhe rol vet\u00ebm i gruas. Por p\u00ebrtej k\u00ebsaj, duhet t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsojm\u00eb kontributin ndaj obligimeve familjare, p\u00ebrtej nj\u00eb rroge t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, si t\u00eb till\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb vazhduar drejt nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie t\u00eb barabart\u00eb, ku kontributi i secilit vler\u00ebsohet, p\u00ebrtej vler\u00ebs specifike monetare q\u00eb e ka. Pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb ekskluzivisht t\u00eb feminizuara, pun\u00ebt e tregut nuk jan\u00eb ekskluzivisht mashkullore, dhe dinamika brenda familjes duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb e bazuar n\u00eb barazi dhe vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjell\u00ebt t\u00eb kontributeve, sesa n\u00eb sistem t\u00eb n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsimit dhe rob\u00ebrimit t\u00eb nj\u00ebrit kundrejt tjetrit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Imagjinoni dy familje, me karakteristika demografike identike \u2013 i nj\u00ebjti num\u00ebr i f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, t\u00eb dy prind\u00ebrit prezent\u00eb, q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi\/banes\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebn (do t\u00eb thot\u00eb jo me qira). Tash imagjinoni q\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurat vjetore t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre dy familjeve jan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta. N\u00ebse e shohim si statistik\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave familjare, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":249,"featured_media":11003,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1366,1713,972],"ppma_author":[2031],"class_list":["post-5079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-ekonomia","tag-familja","tag-kosove"],"authors":[{"term_id":2031,"user_id":249,"is_guest":0,"slug":"dita-dobranja","display_name":"Dita Dobranja","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dita-dobranja-e1734014066516.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dita-dobranja-e1734014066516.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Dobranja","first_name":"Dita","description":"Dita Dobranja \u00ebsht\u00eb ekonomiste e fokusuar n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb e tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, ekonomin\u00eb gjinore dhe tregtin\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Ajo i ka kryer studimet masters n\u00eb deg\u00ebn e ekonomis\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb Universitetin Amerikan n\u00eb Uashington DC. Dita punon si ekonomiste n\u00eb projekte t\u00eb ndryshme. Aktualisht ligj\u00ebron n\u00eb RIT Kosovo dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb autore n\u00eb platform\u00ebn \u201cExploring Economics\u201d (Eksplorimi i Ekonomis\u00eb)."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5079","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/249"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5079"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5079\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11005,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5079\/revisions\/11005"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11003"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5079"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=5079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}