{"id":5315,"date":"2020-11-16T10:49:53","date_gmt":"2020-11-16T08:49:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=5315"},"modified":"2024-10-09T11:50:42","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T09:50:42","slug":"burnout-dhe-ndikimi-te-punetoret-shendetesor-gjate-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/opinion\/burnout-dhe-ndikimi-te-punetoret-shendetesor-gjate-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cBurnout\u201d dhe ndikimi t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor gjat\u00eb COVID-19"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb gati dhjet\u00eb muaj q\u00ebkur Kosova po ballafaqohet me pandemin\u00eb e shkaktuar nga virusi COVID-19. N\u00eb momentin q\u00eb po shkruajm\u00eb, n\u00ebntor 2020, shifrat e t\u00eb infektuarve dhe t\u00eb vdekurve n\u00eb nivel global kan\u00eb arritur numra t\u00eb friksh\u00ebm, duke e shnd\u00ebrruar k\u00ebt\u00eb s\u00ebmundje n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga sfidat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda socio-politike dhe ekonomike t\u00eb epok\u00ebs moderne. Rrjeti amerikan i lajmeve\u00a0CNN<\/a>\u00a0me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb e ka krahasuar at\u00eb, dhe ndikimin multidimensional q\u00eb pandemia ka shkaktuar n\u00eb bot\u00eb, me efektet e Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Vendet e rajonit dhe Kosova nuk b\u00ebjn\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim nga k\u00ebto trende negative bot\u00ebrore. Konkretisht n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb mesatarja e t\u00eb infektuarve t\u00eb raportuar brenda dit\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 700-800 raste \u2013 me tendenc\u00eb rritje. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb shtet si ky i yni me rreth 1.9 milion banor\u00eb, me nj\u00eb ekonomi t\u00eb dob\u00ebt dhe nj\u00eb sistem sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor fragjil, k\u00ebto shifra dhe ky trend n\u00eb rritje duket t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb problematik.<\/p>\n

Kuptohet, me COVID-19 po p\u00ebrballet e gjith\u00eb shoq\u00ebria. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikuar dhe t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuar si n\u00eb aspektin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor e psikologjik, ashtu edhe n\u00eb at\u00eb financiar e material. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, kush m\u00eb shum\u00eb dhe kush m\u00eb pak, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb po mundohen q\u00eb t\u00eb japin kontributin e tyre n\u00eb ballafaqimin me k\u00ebt\u00eb kriz\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore. Mir\u00ebpo, duhet theksuar se pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor jan\u00eb me t\u00eb ekspozuarit ndaj rrezikut sepse ata jan\u00eb n\u00eb vij\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb \u201cfrontit\u201d n\u00eb \u201cluft\u00eb\u201d me s\u00ebmundjen. Ata po b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb pamundur\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebtuar sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb jet\u00eb njer\u00ebzore. S\u00eb k\u00ebndejmi, t\u00eb ballafaquar me numrin enorm n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb t\u00eb infektuarve, kapacitetet e limituara logjistike e kadrovike dhe koh\u00ebzgjatjen gati nj\u00eb vje\u00e7are t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb \u2013 fundi i t\u00eb cil\u00ebs, p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, ende nuk dihet \u2013 personeli sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor k\u00ebrc\u00ebnohet nga rreziku i lodhjes rraskapit\u00ebse kronike fizike dhe emocionale q\u00eb n\u00eb literatur\u00ebn e shkenc\u00ebs s\u00eb psikologjis\u00eb njihet si \u201cburnout\u201d.<\/p>\n

Prema\u00a0Klasifikimit Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar t\u00eb S\u00ebmundjeve (ICD-11)<\/a>, \u201cburnout\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sindrom\u00eb e cila shkaktohet nga stresi kronik n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs. Zakonisht karakterizohet nga tri elemente: ndjenja e rraskapitjes; ndjenja e negativizmit q\u00eb lidhet me pun\u00ebn dhe efikasiteti profesional i zvog\u00ebluar. Kuptohet, situata t\u00eb tilla kan\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb madh tek pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor. Studimet e kryera n\u00eb rrethana t\u00eb ngjashme kan\u00eb treguar se p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs s\u00eb madhe n\u00eb pun\u00eb, profesionist\u00ebt sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb predispozuar ndaj gjendjeve emocionale si ankthi apo depresioni. Kjo lloj \u201cdjegie profesionale\u201d shfaqet si rezultat i stresit kronik n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs dhe ekspozimit ndaj ngjarjeve traumatike. Pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kalojn\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr k\u00ebsi situatash ndjehen t\u00eb acaruar, zem\u00ebruar, t\u00eb pasigurt, t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuar, kan\u00eb munges\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrimi, jan\u00eb t\u00eb pamotivuar, t\u00eb lodhur dhe t\u00eb mbingarkuar. Sipas\u00a0nj\u00eb studimi t\u00eb kryer n\u00eb ShBA<\/a>., q\u00eb si grup t\u00eb synuar kishte pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, rezultoj se 42% e k\u00ebtyre profesionist\u00ebve shfaqen depresion dhe ankth gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs me pacient t\u00eb infektuar me COVID-19. Kurse, 49% e t\u00eb anketuarve kishin nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb ngritur t\u00eb stresit.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjitha shtetet n\u00eb bot\u00eb, ku numri i t\u00eb infektuarve ka arritur num\u00ebr jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb lart\u00eb, raportojn\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb menaxhimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve p\u00ebr pacient\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb zgjidhje n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme p\u00ebr t\u2019ju ofruar ndihm\u00eb dhe mb\u00ebshtetje sa m\u00eb adekuate p\u00ebr trajtim, por p\u00ebrmenden edhe sfidat me stafin e kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsori i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb duke p\u00ebsuar rraskapitje n\u00eb aspektin fizik dhe n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti at\u00eb emocional. Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb fundit nga\u00a0Organizata Bot\u00ebrore e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb (OBSh)<\/a>, rreth 14% e rasteve me COVID-19 t\u00eb raportuara n\u00eb OBSh, n\u00eb nivel bot\u00ebror, jan\u00eb n\u00eb mesin e\u00a0 pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor. N\u00eb disa vende p\u00ebrqindja mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb, deri n\u00eb 35%. Sidoqoft\u00eb, disponueshm\u00ebria dhe cil\u00ebsia e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u00ebsht\u00eb e kufizuar dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet qart\u00eb n\u00ebse pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor jan\u00eb infektuar n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs apo n\u00eb mjedise t\u00eb tjera si: familja apo kontakti me miqt\u00eb dhe koleg\u00ebt jasht\u00eb orarit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. Si pasoj\u00eb, mij\u00ebra pun\u00ebtor\u00eb sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor t\u00eb infektuar me COVID-19 e kan\u00eb humbur jet\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn, duke shkaktuar jo vet\u00ebm humbje njer\u00ebzore, por edhe zvog\u00eblimin e kapaciteteve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore p\u00ebr p\u00ebrballje m\u00eb pandemin\u00eb. N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, q\u00eb nga fillimi i pandemis\u00eb, jan\u00eb raportuar shum\u00eb raste t\u00eb prekjes nga s\u00ebmundja n\u00eb mesin e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor. Deri me tani konsiderohet se rreth 1300 mjek\u00eb e infermier\u00eb t\u00eb prekur nga COVID-19. Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, si pasoj\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj, nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i tyre kan\u00eb humbur jet\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Pa marr\u00eb parasysh rolin e tyre specifik, n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme, pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor i ekspozohen, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur, rr\u00ebfimeve dhe ngjarjeve t\u00eb pacienteve t\u00eb tyre. Ata mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb d\u00ebshmitar\u00eb t\u00eb skenave t\u00eb r\u00ebnda, mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb p\u00ebrvoja t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira, apo edhe mund t\u2019i n\u00ebnshtrohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kronike rrezikut serioz p\u00ebr infektim. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, k\u00ebta profesionist\u00eb n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb r\u00ebnda dhe jo t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme logjistike dhe hap\u00ebsinore. Java e tyre karakterizohet me ngarkes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, orar t\u00eb gjat\u00eb e lodhje kronike, si dhe me munges\u00eb t\u00eb privat\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs personale. E gjith\u00eb kjo rrit duksh\u00ebm nivelin e stresit.<\/p>\n

Ngarkesa kronike fizike dhe emocionale (burnout) \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem i madh n\u00eb mesin e ofruesve t\u00eb kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor edhe kur punohet n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb zakonshme. N\u00eb raste t\u00eb krizave sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo me COVID-19, kjo v\u00ebrehet edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, kjo gjendje tek kjo kategori shoq\u00ebrohet me nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb stresuesve n\u00eb pun\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb COVD-19 fuqia pun\u00ebtore e vij\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb ka p\u00ebrjetuar nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb stresor t\u00eb shumt\u00eb psiko-social mund t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin e tyre mendor dhe emocional.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrjetimi i ngjarjeve k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuese p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn ose ngjarjeve traumatike ndikon ndryshe nga nj\u00eb person n\u00eb tjetrin. N\u00eb disa rrethana, shqet\u00ebsimi mund t\u00eb menaxhohet me sukses p\u00ebr t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar rezultatet negative t\u00eb \u00a0lidhura me sh\u00ebndetin dhe sjelljet. N\u00eb raste t\u00eb tjera, disa pun\u00ebtor\u00eb t\u00eb kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor mund t\u00eb p\u00ebsojn\u00eb shqet\u00ebsime t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb tilla si\u00a0\u00e7rregullimi akut i stresit, stresi post traumatik (PTSD) ose stresi traumatik sekondar<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Edhe pse tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur q\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillohet nj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb potenciale nga kompania gjermane \u201cBioNTech\u201d dhe firma amerikane \u201cPfizer\u201d, e cila p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb mir\u00eb konsiderohet se\u00a0ka rezultuar 90% efektive<\/a>, ekspert\u00ebt mjek\u00ebsor t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeve infektive paralajm\u00ebrojn\u00eb se \u00a0pandemia do t\u00eb zgjas ende edhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb. E gjith\u00eb kjo situat\u00eb e krijuar mund t\u00eb vazhdoj t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasoja serioze t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor. Lodhja dhe ngarkesa emocionale tashme \u00ebsht\u00eb evidente. Nd\u00ebrhyrjet me koh\u00eb dhe t\u00eb analizuara mir\u00eb nga ana e institucioneve p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse, t\u00eb tilla si ato individuale dhe t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb sistem, do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndikonin n\u00eb zbutjen e k\u00ebsaj ngarkese fizike dhe emocionale, dhe rrjedhimisht tu jepte mund\u00ebsin\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb betej\u00ebn e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb kund\u00ebr COVID-19.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb gati dhjet\u00eb muaj q\u00ebkur Kosova po ballafaqohet me pandemin\u00eb e shkaktuar nga virusi COVID-19. N\u00eb momentin q\u00eb po shkruajm\u00eb, n\u00ebntor 2020, shifrat e t\u00eb infektuarve dhe t\u00eb vdekurve n\u00eb nivel global kan\u00eb arritur numra t\u00eb friksh\u00ebm, duke e shnd\u00ebrruar k\u00ebt\u00eb s\u00ebmundje n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga sfidat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda socio-politike dhe ekonomike t\u00eb epok\u00ebs […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":334,"featured_media":7966,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[646],"ppma_author":[346],"class_list":["post-5315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-covid-19"],"authors":[{"term_id":346,"user_id":334,"is_guest":0,"slug":"violeta-zefi","display_name":"Violeta Zefi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/ssjdoals-e1776417820433.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/ssjdoals-e1776417820433.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Zefi","first_name":"Violeta","description":"Violeta Zefi ka ndjekur studimet themelore dhe ato master, n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e Psikologjis\u00eb, n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs. N\u00eb vitin 2017 ka p\u00ebrfunduar studimet e doktorat\u00ebs n\u00eb Masaryk University, Republik\u00eb \u00c7eke. Aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb ligj\u00ebruese n\u00eb Kolegjin \u201cUBT\u201d, dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb ndjek specializimin n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e \u201cPsikologjis\u00eb Klinike\u201d. Nga viti 2006 ka punuar p\u00ebr organizata t\u00eb ndryshme vendore dhe nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. P\u00ebrpos ligj\u00ebrimit ajo punon edhe si Psikologe n\u00eb Asociacionin Kosovar t\u00eb Personave q\u00eb Jetojn\u00eb me HIV\/AIDS (n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb Global Fund p\u00ebr HIV\/AIDS) dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht \u00ebsht\u00eb e angazhuar si psikologe, konsulente dhe trajnere n\u00eb projekte t\u00eb ndryshme."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5315","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/334"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5315"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5315\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8122,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5315\/revisions\/8122"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7966"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5315"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5315"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5315"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=5315"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}