{"id":5451,"date":"2020-09-14T09:17:21","date_gmt":"2020-09-14T07:17:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=5451"},"modified":"2024-10-22T10:35:02","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T08:35:02","slug":"mini-shengeni-si-makro-fantazme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/mini-shengeni-si-makro-fantazme\/","title":{"rendered":"Mini-shengeni si Makro Fantazm\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"news-left\">\n<p>Nj\u00eb fantazm\u00eb po i vie v\u00ebrdall\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs \u2013 ajo e mini-shengenit. T\u00eb majt\u00eb e t\u00eb djatht\u00eb, konzervator\u00eb e liberal, etatist e nacionalist, gazetar e intelektual, militant e civil, pushtet (i djesh\u00ebm) e opozit\u00eb (e djeshme e e sotme) u ngrit\u00ebn n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb p\u00ebr ta sulmuar fantazm\u00ebn. Sepse fantazma ishte v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Serbia. S\u00eb paku n\u00eb perceptimin ton\u00eb. Mini-shengeni \u00ebsht\u00eb i papranuesh\u00ebm sepse prapa tij fshihet hegjemonia ekonomike e politike e Serbis\u00eb. Pra, prapa kund\u00ebrshtimit fshihet frika. Dhe k\u00ebshtu e kemi rastin e radh\u00ebs t\u00eb diskutimit t\u00eb ideve politike nga pozicioni i frik\u00ebs, jo i arsyes, jo i shpres\u00ebs. Sikur q\u00eb e diskutojm\u00eb gati se \u00e7do gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Me frik\u00eb dhe n\u00ebn frik\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Por mbase k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb koha t\u00eb diskutojm\u00eb m\u00eb racionalisht. Dhe mbase ta shohim dimensionin e shpres\u00ebs. Dhe t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me pyetjen bazike. Cili ka qen\u00eb problem i vazhduesh\u00ebm tregtar q\u00eb e kemi pasur me Serbin\u00eb? Fakti q\u00eb ata eksportonin n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb pakrahasimisht m\u00eb shum\u00eb se ne atje. Pse ka ndodhur kjo? Sepse fuqia e potenciali industrial i Kosov\u00ebs ka qen\u00eb i shkat\u00ebrruar si pasoj\u00eb e keqmenaxhimit t\u00eb dhunsh\u00ebm t\u00eb t\u00eb 90\u2019tave, shkat\u00ebrrimi i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt e strategjik i luft\u00ebs, dhe keqmenaxhimi-p\u00ebr-privatizim i pas luft\u00ebs. Por edhe p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pengesave t\u00eb vazhdueshme jo-tarifore politike t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb karshi cilitdo prodhim kosovar. Prandaj \u00ebsht\u00eb insistuar n\u00eb reciprocitet. \u00c7far\u00ebdo pengese q\u00eb na b\u00ebn Serbia n\u00eb rrafshin tregtar t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn duhet t\u2019ia b\u00ebjm\u00eb edhe ne. Reciprociteti n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim \u00ebsht\u00eb barazi n\u00eb trajtim (m\u00eb shum\u00eb se sa barazi n\u00eb rezultat). Dhe kjo mas\u00eb ka p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim eliminimin e barrierave jo-tarifore m\u00eb shum\u00eb se sa p\u00ebrjet\u00ebsimin e tyre n\u00eb t\u00eb dyja an\u00ebt e kufirit.\u00a0<strong>Reciprociteti \u00ebsht\u00eb mas\u00eb n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb parimit t\u00eb tregtis\u00eb s\u00eb lir\u00eb<\/strong>, sepse e m\u00ebton ta arrij\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht at\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb kulluar (pra q\u00eb t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt t\u2019i zhdukin t\u00eb gjitha barrierat). Duke qen\u00eb k\u00ebshtu t\u00eb jesh p\u00ebr reciprocitet e kund\u00ebr mini-shengenit \u00ebsht\u00eb kontradikt\u00eb logjike. Sepse mini-shengeni si marr\u00ebveshje multilaterale q\u00eb bazohet n\u00eb etablimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb kat\u00ebr lirive (t\u00eb mallrave, sh\u00ebrbimeve, kapitalit dhe njer\u00ebzve) e arrin\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht at\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn lufton Reciprociteti \u2013 pra i heq barrierat nga t\u00eb gjitha an\u00ebt e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kufijve.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrndryshe masa tjet\u00ebr ekonomike (nj\u00eb prej masave t\u00eb modelit t\u00eb shtetit zhvillimor) do t\u00eb kishte me qen\u00eb proteksionizmi (mbrojtja e tregut p\u00ebr industri t\u00eb caktuara me q\u00ebllim zhvillimin e tyre). Po kjo si mas\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb drejtohet ndaj nj\u00eb shteti t\u00eb caktuar. Kjo i aplikohet produkteve\/industrive t\u00eb caktuara nga cilido shtet. Dhe p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim ka mbrojtjen e prodhimit\/industris\u00eb vendore deri n\u00eb arritjen e shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb konkurrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb nga kjo e fundit. Pra t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb shkall\u00ebs. Proteksionizmi i pjessh\u00ebm nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb mas\u00eb reciprociteti ndaj nj\u00eb shteti por mas\u00eb reciprociteti ndaj masave t\u00eb shteteve q\u00eb e shtremb\u00ebrojn\u00eb parimin e tregtis\u00eb s\u00eb lir\u00eb (p.sh. n\u00eb rastin e subvencioneve n\u00eb produktet bujq\u00ebsore kur lejohen tarifat doganore ndaj produkteve p\u00ebrfituese t\u00eb subvencioneve qeveritare). Megjithat\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb prej masave t\u00eb modelit t\u00eb shtetit zhvillimor. Ka forma e m\u00ebnyra tjera se si mund t\u00eb ndihmohen ekonomia jon\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur shkall\u00eb konkurrueshm\u00ebrie, e krijuar p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi krahasuese me vendet tjera t\u00eb rajonit \u2013 potencialisht pjes\u00eb t\u00eb mini-shengenit \u2013 n\u00eb sektor\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb industris\u00eb s\u00eb prodhimit e sh\u00ebrbimit. Qasja m\u00eb e leht\u00eb e m\u00eb e lir\u00eb n\u00eb kapital \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00ebra prej tyre. Investimi n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe standardit t\u00eb produktit por edhe n\u00eb organizim m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb procesit t\u00eb prodhimit (q\u00eb n\u00eb anglishte quhet Research and Development). Investim n\u00eb trajnimin e fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore p\u00ebr t\u2019ju p\u00ebrshtatur nevojave e aft\u00ebsive t\u00eb koh\u00ebs (mini-shengeni nuk besoj se na pengon n\u00eb ngritjen e cil\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb arsim).<\/p>\n<p>Natyrisht q\u00eb integrimi i menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb treg m\u00eb t\u00eb madh me agjent ekonomik m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm e m\u00eb t\u00eb zhvilluar se sa nd\u00ebrmarrjet afariste tonat bart me vete rreziqe e sfida. Por t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat rreziqe e sfida ne tashm\u00eb i kemi. Me marr\u00ebveshjes e CEFTA-s, marr\u00ebveshjet tjera p\u00ebrcjell\u00ebse, ne tashm\u00eb kemi liri t\u00eb plot\u00eb p\u00ebr mallrat. Po e p\u00ebrmendi k\u00ebt\u00eb meq\u00eb frika m\u00eb e madhe nga mini-shengeni duket t\u00eb jet\u00eb v\u00ebrshimi i tregut t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs nga Serbia (thua ti deri tash kemi pasur ndonj\u00eb sukses n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim). Por edhe kjo frik\u00eb, edhepse jo krejt e pabaz\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb shtrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrafsh m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb diskutimi e analize. Nj\u00ebra nga to \u00ebsht\u00eb fakti q\u00eb tregu i Kosov\u00ebs sot v\u00ebrshohet nga produktet e m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb shteti. P.sh nga vendet e rajonit p\u00ebrve\u00e7 Serbis\u00eb importojm\u00eb shum\u00eb edhe nga Maqedonia. Pastaj shuma e importit n\u00eb rritje \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe ajo nga Turqia e Kina. Pra ne e kemi nj\u00eb problem m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb cilin duhet ta adresojm\u00eb. I t\u00ebr\u00eb rajoni v\u00ebrshohet nga mallrat e vendeve t\u00eb treta, m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti nga vendet an\u00ebtare t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtosh integrimin n\u00eb tregun e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt rajonal e t\u00eb k\u00ebrkosh me ngulm integrimin n\u00eb tregun e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt evropian nuk ka sens ekonomik. Sepse gllab\u00ebrimi nga nj\u00eb ekonomi e nj\u00eb shkalle shum\u00eb t\u00eb madhe e m\u00eb t\u00eb zhvilluar \u00ebsht\u00eb rrezik shum\u00eb m\u00eb i madh n\u00eb BE (nga ekonomia e Gjermanis\u00eb e ajo e Franc\u00ebs ta z\u00ebm\u00eb) se sa n\u00eb rajon ku megjithat\u00eb kemi potencial konkurrues me ekonomin\u00eb e Serbis\u00eb e t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se kaq nga statistikat shihet se Kosova eksportin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh e ka me vendet e rajonit krahasuar me ato t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb vitit 2018, viti i fundit taks\u00ebs, realiteti tregtar me jasht\u00eb ka qen\u00eb k\u00ebshtu: kemi eksportuar 367.5 milion\u00eb euro prej t\u00eb cilave n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri (18.6%), Maqedoni (11.9%), Serbi (9.1%), Mali t\u00eb Zi (5.3%), Gjermani (6.8%), Holand\u00eb (4.0%), Slloveni (3.7%) dhe Britania e Madhe (2.7%); nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb kemi importuar 3 miliard\u00eb e 347 milion\u00eb prej t\u00eb cilave nga Gjermania (11.8%), Serbia (11.6%), Shqip\u00ebria (6.2%), Italia (6.1%), Maqedonia (5.1%), Greqia (3.7%), Sllovenia (2.8%) dhe Polonia (2.6%). Nga k\u00ebto statistika shihet se, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht kur flitet p\u00ebr eksport nga Kosova, vendet me p\u00ebrqindjen m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe jan\u00eb vendet e rajonit.<\/p>\n<p>Natyrisht problemi mbetet politik. Dhe ky \u00ebsht\u00eb thelbi i k\u00ebtij diskutimi. Prandaj gj\u00ebja e par\u00eb q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb sigurohemi \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb integrimin n\u00eb mini-shengen ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb si shtet i barabart\u00eb me t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt. Mund\u00ebsi tjet\u00ebr nuk duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb. E dyta pastaj \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb negociimin e marr\u00ebveshjes si pal\u00eb e barabart\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kemi bashk\u00ebpunim t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb me Tiran\u00ebn n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i avansojm\u00eb interesit tona t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta karshi tregut t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashkuar rajonal. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht, Prishtina e Tirana duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb NJ\u00cb q\u00eb ta shmangin secil\u00ebn tendenc\u00eb e secilin insistim t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb pozit\u00eb hegjemoni n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb e politik\u00ebn e rajonit.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb gj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb: ideja e tashme e mini-shengenit \u00ebsht\u00eb ide e interesave biznesore (t\u00eb korporata nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, nd\u00ebrmarrje e vendore qofshin ato), n\u00eb interes t\u00eb kapitalit. Si e till\u00eb ajo edhe mund t\u00eb na rrezikoj\u00eb. Rajoni me treg t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt e nj\u00eb dinamik\u00eb t\u00eb re ekonomike mund ta p\u00ebsoj\u00eb n\u00eb dy drejtime ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht. N\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb t\u00eb rr\u00ebzohet \u00e7mimi i pun\u00ebs, dhe k\u00ebshtu ta rrisim pun\u00ebsimin me koston e lart\u00eb t\u00eb pagave t\u00eb ul\u00ebta e trajtimit gati se \u00e7njer\u00ebzor t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve. Por ky \u00ebsht\u00eb rrezik t\u00eb cilin e bartim edhe sot. P.sh. shihe Kosov\u00ebn dhe munges\u00ebn gati se absolute t\u00eb sindikalizimit t\u00eb sektor\u00ebve kryesor aktiv t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb sot (prej nd\u00ebrtimtaris\u00eb e deri te hoteleria, e sektori financiar). Ose shihe Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe trajtimin q\u00eb i b\u00ebhet pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve t\u00eb fasonerive ose atyre t\u00eb Bulqiz\u00ebs. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr zhvillimi i hovsh\u00ebm industrial, si rezultat i mundsh\u00ebm i p\u00ebrbashkimit t\u00eb tregut dhe ardhjes s\u00eb investimeve t\u00eb huaja direkte, ka reperkusione t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta n\u00eb mjedisin n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi. Prej uj\u00ebrave e te toka e ajri mund t\u00eb ndoten p\u00ebrtej t\u00eb menaxhueshmes, meq\u00eb rritja e shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb mund\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb profitit bie ndesh me parimin e zhvillimit t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm e, shpesh, edhe me mir\u00ebqenien e qytetar\u00ebve. Raste t\u00eb tilla kemi kudo n\u00ebp\u00ebr rajon\u00eb, prej Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, n\u00eb Maqedoni e n\u00eb Serbi. Dhe s\u00eb fundmi nj\u00eb zhvillim i till\u00eb mund t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb barr\u00eb serioze p\u00ebr resurset tona natyrore, minerare, ujore, etj. P\u00ebrdorimi i tyre do t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishohet nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb vlera e tyre n\u00eb treg mund t\u00eb ulet.<\/p>\n<p>Por mini-shengeni paradoksalisht e shtron rrug\u00ebn e nj\u00eb dinamike politike t\u00eb re. Krahas qarkullimit t\u00eb lir\u00eb t\u00eb mallit e kapitalit mini-shengeni e garanton qarkullimin e lir\u00eb t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dobi t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve, por edhe n\u00eb dobi t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimit nd\u00ebrkufitar t\u00eb sindikatave, e organizatave mjedisore t\u00eb cilat k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr mund\u00ebsi zhvillimi n\u00eb rajon. Nj\u00eb qasje e till\u00eb karshi integrimeve rajonale \u00ebsht\u00eb domosdoja e koh\u00ebs. Integrimi n\u00eb vehte nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm. Lloji i tij mundet t\u00eb jet\u00eb. K\u00ebtu duhet t\u00eb fokusohemi. Nuk mund t\u00eb jetojm\u00eb jasht\u00eb bot\u00ebs (n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast rajonit). Por duhet t\u00eb luftojm\u00eb q\u00eb ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb jet\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb brenda tij.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nj\u00eb fantazm\u00eb po i vie v\u00ebrdall\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs \u2013 ajo e mini-shengenit. T\u00eb majt\u00eb e t\u00eb djatht\u00eb, konzervator\u00eb e liberal, etatist e nacionalist, gazetar e intelektual, militant e civil, pushtet (i djesh\u00ebm) e opozit\u00eb (e djeshme e e sotme) u ngrit\u00ebn n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb p\u00ebr ta sulmuar fantazm\u00ebn. Sepse fantazma ishte v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Serbia. S\u00eb paku n\u00eb perceptimin [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":338,"featured_media":8807,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[664],"ppma_author":[350],"class_list":["post-5451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-kosovo"],"authors":[{"term_id":350,"user_id":338,"is_guest":0,"slug":"visar-ymeri","display_name":"Visar Ymeri","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/oo.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/oo.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Ymeri","first_name":"Visar","description":"Visar Ymeri \u00ebsht\u00eb Drejtor Ekzekutiv i Institutit p\u00ebr Politika Sociale \u201cMusine Kokalari\u201d."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/338"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5451"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8874,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5451\/revisions\/8874"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=5451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}