{"id":5573,"date":"2020-07-07T16:08:29","date_gmt":"2020-07-07T14:08:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=5573"},"modified":"2024-10-23T16:11:09","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T14:11:09","slug":"drejtesia-e-zorshme-e-meritokracise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/drejtesia-e-zorshme-e-meritokracise\/","title":{"rendered":"Drejt\u00ebsia e zorshme e meritokracis\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"news-left\">\n<p>Sa her\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb shp\u00ebrthejn\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00ebn e skandalit pun\u00ebsime t\u00eb \u2018pamerituara\u2019 t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb institucione publike, shihen disa shk\u00ebndija q\u00eb duken sikur burojn\u00eb nga besimet e idealet dominuese t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb son\u00eb n\u00eb meritokraci. Duke qen\u00eb se meritokracia sot n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb bot\u00ebs s\u00eb zhvilluar \u00ebsht\u00eb fryma q\u00eb informon besimet n\u00eb drejt\u00ebsi sociale, jo rrall\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb diskutimet publike aludohet n\u00eb meritokracin\u00eb, sikur t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb nocion t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht pozitiv dhe paekuivok. Mund t\u00eb v\u00ebrehet gjithashtu se n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb ekziston nj\u00eb lloj bindjeje dominante q\u00eb problemet tona marrin fund me ardhjen n\u00eb pushtet t\u00eb \u2018njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb aft\u00eb\u2018. Mir\u00ebpo, rrall\u00eb e hi\u00e7 diskutohet a hamend\u00ebsohet se si do t\u00eb dukej shoq\u00ebria jon\u00eb me nj\u00eb aplikim t\u00eb skajsh\u00ebm t\u00eb parimeve meritokratike n\u00eb kontekstin ton\u00eb social. K\u00ebshtu, kemi nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqafim symbyllur t\u00eb meritokracis\u00eb, pa e konsideruar faktin q\u00eb ajo, si\u00e7 thot\u00eb politologu Henry Farrell, \u00ebsht\u00eb e verb\u00ebr p\u00ebrball\u00eb faktit q\u00eb disa njer\u00ebz p\u00ebrballen me disavantazhe strukturore edhe n\u00eb gar\u00ebn \u2018e barabart\u00eb\u2018 t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive. Rreziku q\u00eb ngre krye n\u00eb horizontin shpresdh\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb meritokracis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb instrumentalizimi i saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrligjur nj\u00eb sistem arbitrar ndaj pabarazis\u00eb strukturore n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri.<\/p>\n<p>Ndon\u00ebse termin meritokraci, n\u00eb nj\u00eb konotacion negativ, e hodhi i pari sociologu britanik Michael Young, n\u00eb librin e tij distopik t\u00eb vitit 1958,\u00a0<em>The Rise of the Meritocracy<\/em>, duke i kombinuar fjal\u00ebt e greqisht\u00ebs s\u00eb lasht\u00eb,\u00a0<em>mereo<\/em>\u00a0(merit\u00eb) dhe\u00a0<em>cratos<\/em>\u00a0(pushtet), ky term u p\u00ebrqafua n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb per\u00ebndimore si bazament i nj\u00eb filozofie politike q\u00eb vazhdon t\u00eb dominoj\u00eb. Young n\u00eb librin e tij q\u00eb shfaqet si nj\u00eb tem\u00eb doktorature, paraqet ardhjen e nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn do t\u00eb sundoj\u00eb nj\u00eb klas\u00eb e njer\u00ebzve inteligjent\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do e zhveshin klas\u00ebn e sunduar jointeligjente nga t\u00eb drejtat dhe lirit\u00eb demokratike. Por, padyshim q\u00eb Young nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i pari q\u00eb flet mbi parimet q\u00eb ng\u00ebrthen n\u00eb vete nocioni i meritokracis\u00eb. P\u00ebr parime q\u00eb rregullojn\u00eb raportet e akomodimit t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb shtet sipas aft\u00ebsive dhe prejardhjes flitet qysh n\u00eb pllakat e bambus\u00eb s\u00eb Guodian Chu n\u00eb Kin\u00ebn e Lasht\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat datojn\u00eb rreth vitit 300 para er\u00ebs son\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Nga debatet mbi meritokracin\u00eb q\u00eb zhvillohen gjithandej, shkollar\u00ebt arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb dallojn\u00eb lloje t\u00eb ndrydhme t\u00eb meritokracis\u00eb, q\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb rezultate t\u00eb ndryshme sociale. Inspirues nd\u00ebr k\u00ebto tipologji \u00ebsht\u00eb dallimi mes meritokracis\u00eb q\u00eb priret kah\u00a0<em>lloji<\/em>\u00a0kundrejt meritokracis\u00eb q\u00eb priret kah\u00a0<em>p\u00ebrpjekja<\/em>\u00a0(shih Low, 2014). N\u00eb nj\u00eb meritokraci q\u00eb priret kah\u00a0<em>lloji<\/em>\u00a0shoq\u00ebria investon resurse t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb mekanizmat q\u00eb q\u00ebmtojn\u00eb \u2018t\u00eb aftit\u2019 n\u00eb mesin e t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve, pra q\u00eb ndajn\u00eb shapin prej sheqerit. Madje, n\u00eb nj\u00eb meritokraci t\u00eb till\u00eb, edhe institucionet q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb thirrura p\u00ebr aft\u00ebsimin e t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve padallim, p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb duke kryer m\u00eb shum\u00eb funksionin e filtruesit t\u00eb talenteve, sesa t\u00eb vet\u00eb prodhuesit t\u00eb tyre. N\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri q\u00eb investon shum\u00eb resurse n\u00eb shp\u00ebrblimin sa m\u00eb t\u00eb majm\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb pakice super-talent\u00ebsh, shkollat rrezikojn\u00eb t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohen n\u00eb institucione klasifikuese e jo kultivuese t\u00eb aft\u00ebsive individuale. M\u00eb tej, shkollat q\u00eb n\u00eb klasifikimin e tyre nxjerrin m\u00eb shum\u00eb individ\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb b\u00ebhen thjesht dor\u00ebzan\u00eb t\u00eb individ\u00ebve me \u2018atribute t\u00eb duhura\u2019, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se prodhues a katalizator\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre atributeve. P\u00ebr shembull, shum\u00eb universitete e mbajn\u00eb me krenari moton e prodhimit t\u00eb lider\u00ebve, jo pse ato e kan\u00eb formul\u00ebn se si prodhohen lider\u00ebt, por sepse p\u00ebrzgjedhin dhe p\u00ebrzgjedhen prej student\u00ebve q\u00eb prej shkollimit paraprak dalin si forma e kulluar e llojit ekselent.<\/p>\n<p>Argumenti kok\u00ebfort\u00eb kund\u00ebr meritokracis\u00eb q\u00eb priret kah\u00a0<em>lloji<\/em>\u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb ai q\u00eb e nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb pah kot\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrpjekjes s\u00eb kushtueshme t\u00eb selektimit: n\u00ebse ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb aft\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se shumica tjet\u00ebr jan\u00eb t\u00eb dalluesh\u00ebm, at\u00ebher\u00eb pse duhet gjith\u00eb ajo p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gar\u00eb q\u00eb dihet kush do ta fitoj\u00eb? N\u00ebse, si\u00e7 tregojn\u00eb disa rezultate t\u00eb shum\u00ebp\u00ebrfolura p\u00ebr shkollat e Kosov\u00ebs, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve nuk e kuptojn\u00eb tekstin q\u00eb e lexojn\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb thuhet se vet\u00eb q\u00ebllimi i shkollave \u00ebsht\u00eb i reduktuar n\u00eb evidentimin dhe filtrimin e k\u00ebsaj shumice, ose, si\u00e7 argumentojn\u00eb sociolog\u00ebt francez\u00eb, Bourdieu dhe Passeron (1977), n\u00eb p\u00ebrkthimin e kapitalit kulturor, t\u00eb cilin f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e trash\u00ebgojn\u00eb nga prind\u00ebrit, n\u00eb kualifikim arsimor t\u00eb tyre. Meritokracia mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhet sakt\u00eb me bindjet tona derisa nuk i shikojm\u00eb disavantazhet strukturore t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb p\u00ebrballen n\u00eb nj\u00eb gar\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb. Madje ka pretendime q\u00eb prekin edhe efektet biologjike t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre disavantazheve shoq\u00ebrore. Sipas studimeve n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb dhe Britani mbi zhvillimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, rezultatet sugjerojn\u00eb korelacione mes zhvillimit trupor dhe aft\u00ebsive kognitive t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, prej mosh\u00ebs trevje\u00e7are f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e mir\u00ebushqyer dhe me trupa m\u00eb t\u00eb zhvilluar dalin m\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb testet e aft\u00ebsive kognitive (shih Therborn 2013).<\/p>\n<p>Si nj\u00eb vend i varf\u00ebr dhe i izoluar, Kosova do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb ashp\u00ebr me k\u00ebt\u00eb tensionin mes pabarazis\u00eb sociale dhe meritokracis\u00eb, ose, n\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb keq, me d\u00ebshtimin ku meritokracia e legjitimon pabarazin\u00eb sociale. Shkollimi jasht\u00eb vendit \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e nj\u00eb pakice student\u00ebsh, dhe kthimi i garantuar i tyre mund t\u00eb arrihet vet\u00ebm kundrejt garantimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb pozite t\u00eb d\u00ebshirueshme sociale dhe ekonomike. Deri n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment, akoma nuk jemi n\u00eb terrenin e sunduar nga meritokracia. N\u00eb at\u00eb terren hyjm\u00eb tek at\u00ebher\u00eb kur ata q\u00eb shkollohen n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb p\u00ebrballen n\u00eb gar\u00ebn \u2018e barabart\u00eb\u2018 p\u00ebr pozita shoq\u00ebrore me ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb studiuar n\u00eb universitete t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb zhvilluara. Kjo do t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte nj\u00eb konkurrenc\u00eb t\u00eb pamundur, sepse meritokracia q\u00eb priret kah\u00a0<em>soji<\/em>\u00a0e p\u00ebrzgjedh sojin, \u2018atributet e duhura\u2018 t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit i garanton institucioni q\u00eb njihet si m\u00eb kredibil. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht kjo do t\u00eb shkaktonte edhe nj\u00eb thellim t\u00eb hendekut mes pozitave shoq\u00ebrore dhe riprodhim shum\u00eb besnik t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n<p>Zbutjen e k\u00ebtij tensioni, shum\u00eb ekspert\u00eb t\u00eb psikologjis\u00eb sociale ia atribojn\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht besimit n\u00eb meritokraci, ku individi beson q\u00eb n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb ku jeton secili merr at\u00eb q\u00eb meriton dhe meriton aq sa ka. Por, n\u00eb vende ku ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna v\u00ebrehet se edhe ky besim varion mes klasave shoq\u00ebrore: individ\u00ebt nga shtresat e privilegjuara ia atribojn\u00eb pozit\u00ebn e tyre meritokracis\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa ata n\u00eb pozita t\u00eb ul\u00ebta ia atribojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb faktor\u00ebve jasht\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb tyre (shih Duru-Bellat &amp; Tenret, 2012). N\u00ebse e shohim k\u00ebt\u00eb besim n\u00eb meritokraci n\u00eb kontekstin e Kosov\u00ebs, duket se meritokracia \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb ideal n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb ton\u00eb sesa nj\u00eb besim i krijuar prej praktikimit aktual t\u00eb meritokracis\u00eb. Shoq\u00ebria kosovare vjen prej nj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoje t\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb diskriminimit etnik t\u00eb ushtruar mbi t\u00eb. Prandaj shihen prirje q\u00eb i n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsojn\u00eb disavantazhet q\u00eb akumulohen n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e poshtme t\u00eb shtres\u00ebzimit social. Kap\u00ebrcimi i nepotizmit dhe i ryshfetit perceptohet si fundi i problemeve, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb edhe n\u00eb sundimin e meritokracis\u00eb (s\u00eb verb\u00ebr ndaj pabarazis\u00eb sociale) fshihen lumenj kund\u00ebr rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebve noton shoq\u00ebria p\u00ebr shekuj t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Sidoqoft\u00eb, p\u00ebrvojat m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb shoq\u00ebrive t\u00eb zhvilluara tregojn\u00eb p\u00ebr sukseset e sistemeve arsimore t\u00eb orientuara kah sheshimi i disavantazheve t\u00eb prejardhjes sociale t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe aplikimi i meritokracis\u00eb mbi performanc\u00ebn absolute ku gara nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb loj\u00eb me shum\u00eb-zero. N\u00eb aspektin politik, p\u00ebrvojat tregojn\u00eb q\u00eb parimet e meritokracis\u00eb q\u00eb nyj\u00ebtohen n\u00eb ligjerimin e partive politike priren t\u00eb sajojn\u00eb nj\u00eb ep\u00ebrsi morale me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mvishen an\u00ebtar\u00ebt dhe p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebsit e partis\u00eb p\u00ebr fituar gar\u00ebn me t\u00eb barabartit e \u2018pamoralsh\u00ebm\u2018. Sado q\u00eb meritokracia mund t\u00eb na duket si nocioni q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledh t\u00eb gjitha besimet tona p\u00ebr drejt\u00ebsi sociale, edhe ajo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb drejt\u00ebsi e zorshme, madje edhe e stisur, n\u00ebse nuk vjen s\u00eb bashku me p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb adresuar pabarazin\u00eb sociale dhe disavantazhet me t\u00eb cilat nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb p\u00ebrballet n\u00eb gar\u00ebn \u2018e barabart\u00eb&#8217;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"news-right\">\n<div class=\"post\">\n<p class=\"author\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sa her\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb shp\u00ebrthejn\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00ebn e skandalit pun\u00ebsime t\u00eb \u2018pamerituara\u2019 t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb institucione publike, shihen disa shk\u00ebndija q\u00eb duken sikur burojn\u00eb nga besimet e idealet dominuese t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb son\u00eb n\u00eb meritokraci. Duke qen\u00eb se meritokracia sot n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb bot\u00ebs s\u00eb zhvilluar \u00ebsht\u00eb fryma q\u00eb informon besimet n\u00eb drejt\u00ebsi sociale, [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9069,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1329,972,1528],"ppma_author":[264],"class_list":["post-5573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-drejtesia","tag-kosove","tag-meritokracia"],"authors":[{"term_id":264,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"eroll-gashi","display_name":"Eroll Gashi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/gashi-eroll.jpeg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/gashi-eroll.jpeg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"","first_name":"","description":"Eroll Gashi \u00ebsht\u00eb politolog. Ka mbaruar studimet Bachelor n\u00eb shkenca politike n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs dhe vijon studimet nd\u00ebrdiciplinare MA n\u00eb Universitetin e Siegenit n\u00eb Gjermani me fokus n\u00eb perspektivat historike dhe bashk\u00ebkohore mbi kultur\u00ebn politike dhe pabarazin\u00eb sociale. Ka qen\u00eb aktivist dhe bashk\u00ebthemelues i Klubit Politik t\u00eb Student\u00ebve n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5573","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5573"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5573\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9071,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5573\/revisions\/9071"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9069"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5573"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5573"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5573"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=5573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}