{"id":6012,"date":"2020-03-25T11:07:52","date_gmt":"2020-03-25T09:07:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=6012"},"modified":"2024-10-17T11:10:34","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T09:10:34","slug":"tre-etapa-te-politikes-se-jashtme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/tre-etapa-te-politikes-se-jashtme\/","title":{"rendered":"Tre etapa t\u00eb politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb vonuar p\u00ebr t\u2019iu p\u00ebrshtatur rikonfigurimit t\u00eb rendit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar. Ajo ka v\u00ebshtruar e hutuar gjersa dob\u00ebsimi i rendit unipolar amerikan, q\u00eb ka mbizot\u00ebruar nga fillimvitet 1990, ka m\u00ebdyshur vlerat b\u00ebrtham\u00eb t\u00eb politik\u00ebs bot\u00ebrore dhe ka rritur p\u00ebrmas\u00ebn e paparashikueshm\u00ebris\u00eb. K\u00ebto transformime kan\u00eb shtyr\u00eb edhe superfuqit\u00eb t\u00eb adaptojn\u00eb ligj\u00ebrim dhe sjellje t\u00eb re n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb jashtme. Kjo ka ndodhur edhe n\u00eb kontekst t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Nga vitet 1990, Kosova ka kaluar dy etapa t\u00eb politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme, por pa arritur ta b\u00ebj\u00eb kap\u00ebrcimin n\u00eb etap\u00ebn e tret\u00eb. Ky kap\u00ebrcim \u00ebsht\u00eb i domosdosh\u00ebm p\u00ebr dekad\u00ebn, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn sapo kemi hyr\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Fillet e politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme kosovare shtrihen n\u00eb fillimvitet 1990, kur institucionet e asokohshme filluan t\u00eb takoheshin me personalitete shtetesh dhe institucione nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. N\u00eb epiqend\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj nd\u00ebrmarrjeje t\u00eb re ishin tri pika. S\u00eb pari, synohej rritja e vet\u00ebdijes s\u00eb komunitetit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr shkeljen e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut brenda territorit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs nga regjimi i Millosheviqit. S\u00eb dyti, ishte k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr p\u00ebrkrahjen p\u00ebr nj\u00eb zgjidhje politike paq\u00ebsore t\u00eb konfliktit me pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs, demokracin\u00eb si sistem politik pasardh\u00ebs, bashk\u00ebjetes\u00ebn si model shoq\u00ebror dhe hapjen ndaj Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb dhe Serbis\u00eb n\u00eb aspektin e jasht\u00ebm. S\u00eb treti, l\u00ebvizja e Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsi, n\u00eb vitet 1990, i dha hov perceptimit se zgjidhja afatgjat\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs nuk ishte \u00e7\u00ebshtje ballkanike, por duhej zgjidhur nga komuniteti nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast SHBA dhe BE, me protektorat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar si faz\u00eb tranzitore. Kjo, th\u00ebn\u00eb shkurt, n\u00ebnkuptonte q\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtja e Kosov\u00ebs nuk ishte \u00e7\u00ebshtje jugosllave apo ballkanike, por evropiane e bot\u00ebrore. N\u00eb fakt, ishte hera e par\u00eb q\u00eb formacionet politike n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb e shihnin zgjidhjen e \u00e7\u00ebshtjes p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtyre thjerr\u00ebzave, pra p\u00ebrmes politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme. P\u00ebr dekada me radh\u00eb, l\u00ebvizjet ilegale q\u00eb operonin n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, lirin\u00eb e shihnin si t\u00eb lidhur m\u00eb shum\u00eb me veprimet e brendshme, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb me aktivitetin brenda territorit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, s sa ato t\u00eb jashtme. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb doktrin\u00ebs s\u00eb majt\u00eb ato parashikonin se Kosova duhet t\u00eb orientohet kah mobilizimi i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm qytetar dhe luft\u00eb guerile, me p\u00ebrkrahje nga Shqip\u00ebria, duke anashkaluar dimensionin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb viteve 1990 k\u00ebto takime n\u00eb epiqendrat diplomatike per\u00ebndimore, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb, arrit\u00ebn q\u00eb ta forcojn\u00eb legjitimitetin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, si aktor i matur dhe racional, si dhe t\u00eb ravij\u00ebzonin nj\u00eb imazh t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb saj si njer\u00ebz t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuar p\u00ebr paqe dhe bashk\u00ebjetes\u00eb. Natyrisht q\u00eb imazhi \u00ebsht\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi p\u00ebr syrin. Luante rol fakti se fytyra e k\u00ebsaj l\u00ebvizjeje, Rugova, ishte i shkolluar n\u00eb Paris dhe n\u00eb epiqend\u00ebr t\u00eb diskursit kishte fjal\u00ebn paqe. Nd\u00ebrkaq homolog\u00ebt e tij Millosheviqi n\u00eb Serbi, Tuxhmani n\u00eb Kroaci, Izetbegoviqi n\u00eb Bosnje dhe Hercegovin\u00eb shquheshin kush m\u00eb shum\u00eb e kush m\u00eb pak p\u00ebr prirje autokrate, nacionaliste, qe besa edhe me gatishm\u00ebri t\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar p\u00ebr luft\u00eb konvencionale.<\/p>\n

Ky p\u00ebrkushtim i fitoi Kosov\u00ebs leva dhe miq jasht\u00eb. Politika e jashtme e Kosov\u00ebs, ani pse e re, lexoi ndryshimet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare m\u00eb shpejt se fqinj\u00ebt e saj, duke u pozicionuar n\u00eb an\u00ebn e duhur. Kosova nuhati ndryshimin e balancit t\u00eb forcave dhe efektin\u00a0spill-over<\/em>\u00a0nga r\u00ebnia e Murit t\u00eb Berlinit dhe adaptoi axhend\u00ebn e saj n\u00eb koh\u00eb. Pavar\u00ebsisht k\u00ebtyre, duhet cekur se kjo etap\u00eb e politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme nuk kish t\u00eb b\u00ebnte me organizim institucional.<\/p>\n

Etapa e dyt\u00eb e politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme kosovare v\u00ebrehet pas shpalljes s\u00eb pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb pas 17 shkurt 2008. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb u themelua baza ligjore, Ministria e Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb Jashtme, sh\u00ebrbimi i jasht\u00ebm dhe misionet diplomatike dhe konsullore. U form\u00ebsua edhe diskursi nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar i Kosov\u00ebs, mesazhet q\u00eb Kosova do t\u2019i p\u00ebr\u00e7onte jasht\u00eb si shtet i pavarur. Duke p\u00ebrfituar edhe nga konteksti i favorsh\u00ebm nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, edhe nga inercioni i krijuar nga ngjarjet e m\u00ebhershme, n\u00eb vitet e para t\u00eb politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme sukseset nuk munguan. Nd\u00ebr to, njohje dypal\u00ebshe dhe an\u00ebtar\u00ebsim n\u00eb organizata nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, procesi i formimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb politike t\u00eb jashtme kosovare t\u00eb institucionalizuar kishte shum\u00eb mungesa. N\u00eb fakt, \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet q\u00eb pas shpalljes s\u00eb pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb Kosova nuk arriti t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb jashtme koherente, me efikasitet, me nj\u00eb diskurs atraktiv q\u00eb arrin t\u00eb komunikoj\u00eb me audienca diverse dhe q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb vlerat e shtetit jasht\u00eb. Gjithashtu, praktikat institucionale meritokratike ishin t\u00eb dob\u00ebta, nd\u00ebrhyrjet partiake t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, duke shkaktuar jokompetenc\u00eb.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto mungesa nuk qen\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur edhe aq, gjersa gj\u00ebrat po ecnin mbar\u00eb. Sidoqoft\u00eb, si pasoj\u00eb e dinamikave dhe ngjarjeve n\u00eb rajone dhe kontinente tjera, pas vitit 2014 angazhimi i partner\u00ebve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn filloi t\u00eb zbehej. Dhe mungesat e politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme b\u00ebheshin p\u00ebrher\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme, ashtu si mungesa e arritjeve n\u00eb njohjen nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Ndryshe nga vitet 1990 kur kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb pozicionimin e duhur, politika e jashtme kosovare nuk arrinte t\u00eb adaptohej, gjersa dinamikat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare po ndryshonin duksh\u00ebm. Ajo vazhdonte t\u00eb fliste gjuh\u00ebn e vjet\u00ebr, n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontekst t\u00eb ri.<\/p>\n

Ta marrim fushat\u00ebn p\u00ebr \u00e7njohje t\u00eb sponsorisuar nga Serbia. N\u00eb fazat e para kjo fushat\u00eb u p\u00ebrshkrua si\u00a0fake news<\/em>. MPJ deklaronte se t\u00ebrheqja e njohjes nuk ishte e rregulluar n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. M\u00eb von\u00eb u ndryshua kursi, kishte akuza se Serbia po i blen k\u00ebto letra verbale, me ndihm\u00ebn e Rusis\u00eb, shitjen e arm\u00ebve etj., q\u00eb n\u00eb fakt duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb di\u00e7ka t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb, n\u00eb n\u00ebntor 2018, Qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs vendosi tarif\u00ebn 100% ndaj Serbis\u00eb duke e p\u00ebrmendur fushat\u00ebn p\u00ebr \u00e7njohje nga Serbia, nj\u00eb proces q\u00eb vet\u00ebm disa muaj m\u00eb par\u00eb e kishte p\u00ebrshkruar si joekzistent. Brenda nj\u00eb viti, me gjas\u00eb si pasoj\u00eb e presupozimeve t\u00eb painformuara politika e jashtme kosovare vuri n\u00eb spikam\u00eb mungesa serioze institucionale, me diskurs t\u00eb paq\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm, q\u00eb ndryshon nga dita n\u00eb dit\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Fushata e \u00e7njohjeve sh\u00ebrben si ilustrim i nj\u00eb pamje holistike. Ajo d\u00ebshmon se Kosova ka pasur veshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb jashtme koherente pas pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb, prandaj p\u00ebrshtatja me ndryshimet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare ka qen\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb shtet t\u00eb kontestuar si Kosova, i cili p\u00ebrballet me kund\u00ebrlobim t\u00eb p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm, politika e jashtme ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi jetike. Ta kemi parasysh ambientin ekzistues nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar. Kur filloi dekada e kaluar do ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb paramendohej se Britania e Madhe do ta soste at\u00eb jasht\u00eb BE-s\u00eb. Kush do ta paramendonte se aneksimi do t\u00eb rikthehej si mjet politik, sikund\u00ebr b\u00ebri Rusia n\u00eb rastin e Krimeas? Se regjimet shum\u00ebvje\u00e7are n\u00eb Lindjen e Mesme dhe Afrik\u00ebn e Veriut do t\u00eb rr\u00ebzoheshin brenda muajsh nj\u00ebra pas tjetr\u00ebs, si t\u00eb ishin figura letre? Dekada n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn kemi hyr\u00eb mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb ndryshime t\u00eb papritura. Prandaj, ajo q\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shkrim \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur etapa e tret\u00eb, q\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton mend\u00ebsi dhe veprim t\u00eb ri n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e jashtme kosovare, \u00ebsht\u00eb e domosdoshme.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb vonuar p\u00ebr t\u2019iu p\u00ebrshtatur rikonfigurimit t\u00eb rendit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar. Ajo ka v\u00ebshtruar e hutuar gjersa dob\u00ebsimi i rendit unipolar amerikan, q\u00eb ka mbizot\u00ebruar nga fillimvitet 1990, ka m\u00ebdyshur vlerat b\u00ebrtham\u00eb t\u00eb politik\u00ebs bot\u00ebrore dhe ka rritur p\u00ebrmas\u00ebn e paparashikueshm\u00ebris\u00eb. K\u00ebto transformime kan\u00eb shtyr\u00eb edhe superfuqit\u00eb t\u00eb adaptojn\u00eb ligj\u00ebrim dhe sjellje t\u00eb re n\u00eb politik\u00ebn […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":68,"featured_media":8486,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[972,1000],"ppma_author":[77],"class_list":["post-6012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-kosove","tag-politike-e-jashtme"],"authors":[{"term_id":77,"user_id":68,"is_guest":0,"slug":"butrint-berisha","display_name":"Butrint Berisha","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-7-3.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-7-3.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Berisha","first_name":"Butrint","description":"Butrint Berisha ka p\u00ebrfunduar studimet BA p\u00ebr Shkenca Politike n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs dhe studimet MA n\u00eb Universitetin e Stokholmit, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb semest\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimi n\u00eb Universitetin e Strathclyde, n\u00eb Skoci. Aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb i angazhuar n\u00eb Institutin e Pristin\u00ebs p\u00ebr Studime Politike (PIPS). Fokusi i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb politika nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/68"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6012"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8487,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6012\/revisions\/8487"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8486"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6012"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=6012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}