{"id":6023,"date":"2022-01-18T10:13:25","date_gmt":"2022-01-18T08:13:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=6023"},"modified":"2024-10-04T11:23:39","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T09:23:39","slug":"shqipja-standarde-nga-vjen-e-kah-shkon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/opinion\/shqipja-standarde-nga-vjen-e-kah-shkon\/","title":{"rendered":"Shqipja standarde \u2013 nga vjen e kah shkon"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cili \u00ebsht\u00eb sot diskutimi mbi t\u00eb ardhmen e shqipes n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim zyrtar? Studiuesit e varietetit sot p\u00eblqejn\u00eb me iu referu k\u00ebtij me termin gjuh\u00eb\u00a0standard<\/em>e; em\u00ebrtimet e tjera t\u00eb varietetit,\u00a0gjuh\u00eb letrare<\/em>,\u00a0gjuh\u00eb e nj\u00ebsuar<\/em>, ose edhe\u00a0gjuh\u00eb letrare e nj\u00ebsuar<\/em>, edhe n\u00ebse dikur zyrtare a t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura, sot jan\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb t\u00eb rrudhura, jo ve\u00e7 mes specialist\u00ebsh madje.<\/p>\n

Me gjuh\u00eb\u00a0letrare<\/em>\u00a0tashm\u00eb cil\u00ebsohet gjer\u00ebsisht gjuha e krijimtaris\u00eb letrare, kurse cil\u00ebsimi i varietetit si\u00a0i nj\u00ebsuar<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 mes koineve gege e toske \u2013 u hodh posht\u00eb pas demokratizimit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb, meq\u00eb u provu se nuk ishte. Ajo pakgj\u00eb q\u00eb ish marr\u00eb gegnishteje n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn gramatikore, kish qen\u00eb di\u00e7ka e p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsuar paraprakisht nga vet\u00eb tosk\u00ebrishtja. E, \u00e7\u2019iu vol nga fjal\u00ebsi t\u00eb par\u00ebs, dep\u00ebrtoi meq\u00eb vet\u00eb fjal\u00ebsi gjithmon\u00eb mbetet sistem i hapur i cil\u00ebsdo gjuh\u00eb. Ndryshe me struktur\u00ebn \u2013 fjala vjen, n\u00ebp\u00ebr areale, e nj\u00ebjta vet\u00eb e par\u00eb e t\u00eb pakryer\u00ebs s\u00eb foljes\u00a0me shku<\/em>\u00a0del me\u00a0shkosha<\/em>,\u00a0shkojsha<\/em>,\u00a0shkojshe(m)<\/em>,\u00a0shkonja<\/em>,\u00a0shkoja<\/em>, por nuk i hyjn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto n\u00eb pun\u00eb struktur\u00ebs gramatikore t\u00eb varietetit standard.<\/p>\n

V\u00ebrtet, puna zanafillore e kodifikuesve t\u00eb shqipes, kry n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr pak koh\u00eb mbas themelimit t\u00eb shtetit shqiptar, qe p\u00ebrpjekje e sinqert\u00eb me jet\u00ebsu gjakimin e rilind\u00ebsve p\u00ebr shqipen e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. Varieteti i ofruar u njoh edhe si\u00a0elbasanishtja<\/em>\u00a0letrare. \u00c7do nj\u00ebsi strukturore tipike e shqipes komb\u00ebtare gjente vend n\u00eb gramatik\u00ebn e k\u00ebtij varieteti. Fjala vjen, nd\u00ebrtimi me modale\u00a0duhem me ba<\/em>\u00a0bashk\u00ebjetonte me\u00a0duhet t\u00eb baj<\/em>, duke mbet\u00eb prej k\u00ebsaj t\u00eb dyt\u00ebs tradita letrare toske sall nj\u00eb zanore larg. Pra, ndon\u00ebse jo n\u00eb sistemin tingullor, tosk\u00ebrishtja p\u00ebrfshihej e plot\u00eb me sistemin e vet strukturor.<\/p>\n

Me ardhjen e\u00a0 sistemit enverist n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, gegnishtja letrare u anatemu, nd\u00ebrsa shum\u00eb nga kolos\u00ebt e saj u vran\u00eb, u burgos\u00ebn, u internuan e u ndaluan. K\u00ebsodore, tekste t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb shqip q\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt e n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nd\u00ebrtekstor\u00ebsis\u00eb kishin me ndiku n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e vet\u00eb indit komb\u00ebtar, mbet\u00ebn pa u njoh\u00eb. Sistemi shtet\u00ebror socialist, q\u00eb n\u00eb mas\u00eb d\u00ebrrmuese udh\u00ebhiqej nga njer\u00ebz t\u00eb jugut, e form\u00ebsoi gjuh\u00ebn e re standarde p\u00ebr nevoja krejt vetjake. As korpusi e as struktura e shqipes komb\u00ebtare nuk u p\u00ebrfill\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Shqiptar\u00ebt n\u00eb Jugosllavi, q\u00eb p\u00ebr vete kishin vazhdu me kultivimin e elbasanishtes letrare t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, m\u00eb 1968 p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsuan tekstualisht varietetin zyrtar t\u00eb Tiran\u00ebs, p\u00ebr me shpreh\u00eb k\u00ebsisoj, shi n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e rrudhjes s\u00eb represionit shtet\u00ebror ndaj tyre, vullnetin e nj\u00ebsimit shpirt\u00ebror me pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb kombit.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtjet gjuh\u00ebsore jan\u00eb po aq shoq\u00ebrore, meq\u00eb shoq\u00ebri e gjuh\u00eb jan\u00eb kok\u00eb e pil t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs monedh\u00eb. Shqyrtu nga fytyra shoq\u00ebrore, standardi, k\u00ebshtu asimetrik, jo ve\u00e7 krijoi pabarazi sociale me privilegjimin e nj\u00eb grupimi p\u00ebrmbi tjetrin. N\u00ebse nj\u00ebrit ai i vjen si p\u00ebrplot\u00ebsim i arketipit gjuh\u00ebsor vetjak, p\u00ebr tjetrin \u00ebsht\u00eb e kund\u00ebrta, bash pse ia k\u00ebput ankorimin n\u00eb arketip.<\/p>\n

Sot e k\u00ebsaj dite, gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj epoke t\u00eb re me m\u00eb t\u00eb dendurin nd\u00ebrveprim shqiptar q\u00eb njohim, puna institucionale p\u00ebr rip\u00ebrmasimin e komunikimit nd\u00ebrkulturor shqiptar mbetet e vag\u00ebt, me gjith\u00eb afrimet shpirt\u00ebrore e kulturore mes shqiptar\u00ebve t\u00eb d\u00ebshmuara nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb. \u00c7\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb e drejta, dy institucionet akademike, m\u00eb her\u00ebt gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtij mij\u00ebvje\u00e7ari u orvat\u00ebn me ndoru ndonj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje n\u00eb funksion p\u00ebrafrimi. Por, grupimi i gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebve q\u00eb u mblodh rreth K\u00ebshillit Nd\u00ebrakademik p\u00ebr Gjuh\u00ebn Shqipe sqaroi se propozimet nuk kishte tagrin me i shpall\u00eb zyrtare. Sukseset, n\u00ebse propozimet k\u00ebshtu mund t\u2019i quhen, edhe kur t\u00eb synuara p\u00ebr p\u00ebrafrim t\u00eb m\u00ebtejm\u00eb, mbeten krejt modeste \u2013 thjeshtime shum\u00ebsash n\u00eb emra si\u00a0lumej<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb vend se\u00a0lumenj<\/em>, ose ndonj\u00eb\u00a0\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0m\u00eb pak, n\u00eb fjal\u00eb si\u00a0djath<\/em>\u00a0e\u00a0lum<\/em>. Puna e K\u00ebshillit sot \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt e paqen\u00eb, sa p\u00ebr shkak cak\u00ebrrimesh mes an\u00ebtar\u00ebsh, aq edhe prej sulmeve, shpesh fort t\u00eb nxehta, nga gjuh\u00ebtar\u00eb dor\u00ebjasht\u00eb. V\u00ebrtet, vet\u00eb propozimet e K\u00ebshillit jo gjithmon\u00eb p\u00ebrkonin me realitete t\u00eb reja nd\u00ebrveprimi q\u00eb lypnin bekimin e njohjes akademike. P\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, si ajo e paskajores, n\u00eb K\u00ebshill nuk u ra n\u00eb ujdi.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohore, ka gjuh\u00ebtar\u00eb q\u00eb hetojn\u00eb bash p\u00ebrmbi k\u00ebt\u00eb ur\u00eb p\u00ebrafrimi, e ka edhe mjaft konvergjime mes sosh. Por do shtu k\u00ebtu se varieteti standard modelohet sa nga kodifikuesit, q\u00eb veprojn\u00eb nga lart, aq edhe nga p\u00ebrdoruesit, meq\u00eb jan\u00eb k\u00ebta q\u00eb, n\u00ebp\u00ebr tekstet q\u00eb hartojn\u00eb e p\u00ebrkthejn\u00eb, duke e dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr\u00a0t\u00eb till\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0si\u00e7 e din\u00eb dhe njohin, ua paraqesin leximeve, me \u00e7ka krijojn\u00eb, p\u00ebrforcojn\u00eb e shumojn\u00eb besojma mbi trajtat dhe dukjen e tij.<\/p>\n

Prandaj, ndon\u00ebse vazhdon e diskutohet, n\u00eb realitetin e ri \u00e7\u00ebshtja madje as nuk mbetet n\u00eb duhet mish\u00ebru paskajorja n\u00eb varietetin standard. Kushdo q\u00eb ia heton lakoren n\u00eb diagramin prani\/prestigj, e ka krejt t\u00eb qart\u00eb tashm\u00eb se ajo po ngjit bindsh\u00ebm p\u00ebrpjet\u00ebn. Madje, me pranin\u00eb e shtuar n\u00ebp\u00ebr tekste, po na ushqen me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb matshme mbi prirjet e shkrojt\u00ebsive, p\u00ebr t\u00eb na e p\u00ebrudh\u00eb k\u00ebsisoj kodifikimin e m\u00ebtejm\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00eb standardit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rrafshin brendagjuh\u00ebsor, paskajorja nj\u00ebjt\u00ebson struktur\u00ebn e shqipes standarde me at\u00eb t\u00eb shqipes t\u00ebr\u00ebsore. Na mund\u00ebsohet q\u00eb, k\u00ebsi hovi duke iu mbajt\u00eb baz\u00ebs toske si par\u00ebsore, krahas formulimeve si\u00a0mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb,\u00a0<\/em>t\u00eb zgjerohemi edhe te\u00a0mundemi me b\u00eb<\/em>, form\u00eb kjo prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebs tradita letrare gege mbetet sall nj\u00eb zanore larg.<\/p>\n

Standardi nuk vihet ve\u00e7 n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb elit\u00ebs, po t\u00eb gjith\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb, e k\u00ebshtu jo ve\u00e7 n\u00eb sinkroni, po n\u00eb vijim\u00ebsi. Kjo e v\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb koh\u00ebve, t\u00eb cilat meq\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb, i japin normimit detyra t\u00eb vijueshme. N\u00ebse standardi p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohet duke ardh\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit, at\u00ebher\u00eb edhe rrezja e shtrirjes dhe shkalla e p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsimit i shtohen krahas.<\/p>\n

Pra, nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb ky\u00e7 e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb shqiptare t\u00eb bashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebsis\u00eb del me e kodifiku zgjerimin e baz\u00ebs dialektore t\u00eb standardit. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb standardi fuqizohet duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb shpreh\u00ebsi dhe, duke ng\u00ebrthy dy varietetet tradicionale t\u00eb l\u00ebvrimit t\u00eb shqipes, krijon lidhjen e domosdoshme transcendentale me tekstet e tradit\u00ebs. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tej, me kohezionin e shtuar jasht\u00ebgjuh\u00ebsor q\u00eb krijon, i sh\u00ebrben mir\u00ebfilli nd\u00ebrkomunikimit e nj\u00ebsimit komb\u00ebtar sot e mot.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cili \u00ebsht\u00eb sot diskutimi mbi t\u00eb ardhmen e shqipes n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim zyrtar? Studiuesit e varietetit sot p\u00eblqejn\u00eb me iu referu k\u00ebtij me termin gjuh\u00eb\u00a0standarde; em\u00ebrtimet e tjera t\u00eb varietetit,\u00a0gjuh\u00eb letrare,\u00a0gjuh\u00eb e nj\u00ebsuar, ose edhe\u00a0gjuh\u00eb letrare e nj\u00ebsuar, edhe n\u00ebse dikur zyrtare a t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura, sot jan\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb t\u00eb rrudhura, jo ve\u00e7 mes specialist\u00ebsh madje. […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":186,"featured_media":7963,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[680],"ppma_author":[215],"class_list":["post-6023","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-education"],"authors":[{"term_id":215,"user_id":186,"is_guest":0,"slug":"gazmend-berlajolli","display_name":"Gazmend B\u00ebrlajolli","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/download-2-11-e1727870699594.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/download-2-11-e1727870699594.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"B\u00ebrlajolli","first_name":"Gazmend","description":"Gazmend B\u00ebrlajolli \u00ebsht\u00eb i lindur n\u00eb Pej\u00eb. Studimet themelore p\u00ebr Gjuh\u00ebsi i ka mbaru n\u00eb UCL t\u00eb Londr\u00ebs, kurse studimet Master, po p\u00ebr Gjuh\u00ebsi, n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs. Punon si redaktor tekstesh, p\u00ebrkthyes dhe interpret i pavarur."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6023","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/186"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6023"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6023\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7964,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6023\/revisions\/7964"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6023"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=6023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}