{"id":6068,"date":"2021-12-07T16:07:08","date_gmt":"2021-12-07T14:07:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=6068"},"modified":"2024-10-14T16:10:29","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T14:10:29","slug":"riatdhesimi-dhe-tendenca-per-te-ikur-perseri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/riatdhesimi-dhe-tendenca-per-te-ikur-perseri\/","title":{"rendered":"Riatdhesimi dhe tendenca p\u00ebr t\u00eb ikur p\u00ebrs\u00ebri"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb viti 2014. Egzoni, 25 vje\u00e7, pasi u p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndet me gruan dhe \u00e7ik\u00ebn e vog\u00ebl, u nis p\u00ebr te Stacioni i Autobus\u00ebve n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb. Pothuajse \u00e7do nat\u00eb, autobus\u00ebt q\u00eb \u00e7onin n\u00eb Subotic\u00eb ishin t\u00eb st\u00ebrmbushur. P\u00ebrmes Subotic\u00ebs, t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb si Egzoni kalonin ilegalisht kufirin p\u00ebr n\u00eb Hungari, p\u00ebr t\u00eb vazhduar tutje n\u00eb vendet e zhvilluara t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs. I shtyr\u00eb nga kushtet e r\u00ebnda ekonomike dhe paga e ul\u00ebt e me vonesa, Egzoni kishte mb\u00ebrritur n\u00eb Gjermani. Aty filloi pun\u00ebn ilegalisht, me dokumente t\u00eb falsifikuara. N\u00eb jav\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, Egzoni ndalohet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kontroll rutinor nga policia gjermane, e cila pas verifikimit t\u00eb dokumenteve, e arrestoi t\u00eb riun nga Kosova dhe e d\u00ebrgoi n\u00eb paraburgim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb muaj. Pastaj, gjykata vendos ta kthej\u00eb mbrapa n\u00eb vendin e origjin\u00ebs. K\u00ebshtu, brenda nj\u00eb muaji p\u00ebrfundoi aventura e Egzonit. Por, ai tani kishte edhe nj\u00eb problem m\u00eb shum\u00eb, pasi shpenzimet e rrug\u00ebs ilegale i kishin shkuar n\u00eb mbi 4 mij\u00eb euro, shumica prej t\u00eb cilave t\u00eb marra borxh. K\u00ebsisoj, ai dhe familja e tij u gjend\u00ebn pran\u00eb nj\u00eb situate edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb keqe sesa para emigrimit.<\/p>\n

Rastet si ky i Egzonit nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakta. N\u00eb nj\u00eb anket\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nga UNDP n\u00eb vitin 2014, del q\u00eb rreth dy t\u00eb tretat e t\u00eb riatdhesuarve jan\u00eb t\u00eb kthyer jovullnetarisht. Nga ta, shumica kan\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar azil n\u00eb vendet per\u00ebndimore, por u \u00ebsht\u00eb refuzuar k\u00ebrkesa. Sidoqoft\u00eb, duke pasur parasysh q\u00eb shumica e t\u00eb riatdhesuarve kan\u00eb migruar kryesisht p\u00ebr arsye ekonomike, sa i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb riatdhesimi? Cili \u00ebsht\u00eb roli i institucioneve dhe organizatave t\u00eb huaja? \u00c7far\u00eb i shtyn t\u00eb kthyerit ta mendojn\u00eb largimin p\u00ebrs\u00ebri? S\u00eb fundi, n\u00eb nj\u00eb punim shkencor, i kemi trajtuar pjes\u00ebrisht k\u00ebto pyetje.<\/p>\n

Riatdhesimi \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i v\u00ebshtiri p\u00ebr personat si Egzoni, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb marr\u00eb para borxh p\u00ebr t\u00eb migruar, por nuk kan\u00eb mundur t\u00eb punojn\u00eb as sa p\u00ebr ta kthyer obligimin. T\u00eb zhytur n\u00eb borxhe, dhe si pun\u00ebtor\u00eb t\u00eb pakualifikuar (unskilled workers), ata p\u00ebrballen me presion t\u00eb madh shoq\u00ebror dhe ekonomik. Ndon\u00ebse nga viti 2014 ka ndryshime t\u00eb dukshme strukturore n\u00eb tregun e Kosov\u00ebs, personat pa shkoll\u00eb dhe pa zanat e kan\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ta gjejn\u00eb veten. N\u00eb krahun tjet\u00ebr, demotivimi si pasoj\u00eb e pagave q\u00eb s\u2019u garantojn\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb dinjitetshme b\u00ebn q\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e t\u00eb riatdhesuarve t\u00eb mbesin t\u00eb papun\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Institucionet vendore, por edhe organizatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, n\u00eb vazhdim\u00ebsi kan\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahur programet p\u00ebr t\u00eb riatdhesuarit. K\u00ebto programe p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb trajnimet dhe asistenc\u00ebn p\u00ebr nevojat bazike. Ndon\u00ebse duhet t\u00eb kemi rezerva p\u00ebr cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e trajnimeve, ndihmat p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb kategori kan\u00eb luajtur rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. Gjithsesi, numri m\u00eb i madh i t\u00eb kthyerve e mendon largimin si zgjidhje t\u00eb problemeve. Natyrisht, nuk mund t\u00eb gjykojm\u00eb efikasitetin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb institucioneve apo organizatave t\u00eb huaja duke u bazuar n\u00eb tendenc\u00ebn p\u00ebr riemigrim. Kjo pasi njer\u00ebzit emigrojn\u00eb edhe pse kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr pun\u00eb, apo aktivitet ekonomik n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. E th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe, emigrimi mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb edhe trend shoq\u00ebror.<\/p>\n

Riatdhesimi i suksessh\u00ebm<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb mesin e t\u00eb kthyerve, ka persona t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb marr\u00eb me vete eksperienc\u00ebn e fituar n\u00eb kompanit\u00eb gjermane. N\u00eb mesin e storieve t\u00eb suksesit, gjejm\u00eb t\u00eb riatdhesuar q\u00eb kan\u00eb hapur ferma, kan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar serra, kan\u00eb hapur lokale t\u00eb gastronomis\u00eb, apo ofrojn\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime \u2018outsourcing\u2019 p\u00ebr tregun gjerman \u2013 qendrat e thirrjeve (call center) jan\u00eb shembulli m\u00eb i mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Vet\u00ebm se, personat q\u00eb e kan\u00eb pasur m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb riatdhesimin, jan\u00eb kthyer vullnetarisht dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00ebn e rasteve kan\u00eb pasaport\u00eb apo dokumente udh\u00ebtimi t\u00eb vendit ku kan\u00eb jetuar. P\u00ebrtej k\u00ebsaj, k\u00ebta persona kan\u00eb punuar m\u00eb gjat\u00eb jasht\u00eb vendit dhe rrjedhimisht gjasat q\u00eb kan\u00eb kursime t\u00eb cilat mund t\u2019i investojn\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Dhe n\u00ebse d\u00ebshtojn\u00eb n\u00eb aktivitetet q\u00eb planifikojn\u00eb, rikthimin n\u00eb kurbet e kan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pse riemigrimi \u00ebsht\u00eb opsion?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gjetjet e studimit tregojn\u00eb se rreth 67 p\u00ebr qind e t\u00eb kthyerve e shohin largimin nga vendi si opsion t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm. Arsyet p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ikje, ashtu si n\u00eb emigrimin e par\u00eb, jan\u00eb kryesisht ekonomike. \u00a0N\u00eb studim maten karakteristikat individuale q\u00eb rrisin apo zvog\u00eblojn\u00eb shanset q\u00eb nj\u00eb i kthyer ta konsideroj\u00eb riemigirmin.<\/p>\n

Fillimisht, krahasuar me minoritetet, shqiptar\u00ebt jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb prir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb vendin. Me specifikisht, nj\u00eb shqiptar i Kosov\u00ebs ka rreth 34 pik\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrqindjes gjasa m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha ta konsideroj\u00eb largimin sesa minoritetet e tjera. Shpjegimet p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme. S\u00eb pari, procesi i rregullt i migrimit k\u00ebrkon q\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani nga vendi prit\u00ebs ta d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb kontrat\u00ebn e pun\u00ebs, pastaj personi aplikon p\u00ebr viz\u00eb pune n\u00eb ambasad\u00eb. Shqiptar\u00ebt, krahasuar me minoritetet e tjera, kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb familjar\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb firma apo q\u00eb punojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb vendit. Pastaj, numri i madh i martesave mes rezident\u00ebve dhe atyre q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb vendet per\u00ebndimore mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb tjet\u00ebr arsye tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb martuarit dhe ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb pak t\u00eb interesuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb riemigruar. Emigrimi shpeshher\u00eb k\u00ebrkon sakrific\u00eb, pasi jo e gjith\u00eb familja mund t\u00eb largohet p\u00ebrnj\u00ebher\u00eb. K\u00ebsisoj, kjo sakrific\u00eb duket se ndikon negativisht tek ata q\u00eb e shohin largimin si opsion.<\/p>\n

Gjetje interesante \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe efekti i pun\u00ebsimit n\u00eb tendenc\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u2019u larguar nga vendi p\u00ebrs\u00ebri. Duket se pun\u00ebsimi nuk ka kurrfar\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsie p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb duan t\u00eb ikin. Kjo, ndoshta, shpjegohet nga fakti q\u00eb edhe pse t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar, pagat jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dhe kushtet e pun\u00ebs t\u00eb pafavorshme. Kjo e b\u00ebn ndikimin e pun\u00ebsimit t\u00eb par\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb vendimin p\u00ebr t\u2019u larguar nga vendi. Tutje, t\u00eb kthyerit t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb pasur t\u00eb ardhura mbi 1,500 euro kan\u00eb tendenc\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr ta l\u00ebn\u00eb vendin p\u00ebrs\u00ebri. P\u00ebr personat pa profesion e pa zanat, ambienti i tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs nuk del t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb miq\u00ebsor.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, personat q\u00eb zot\u00ebrojn\u00eb tok\u00eb dhe mjete bujq\u00ebsore kan\u00eb tendenc\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb riemigrimit. P\u00ebrkthyer n\u00eb numra, personat q\u00eb kan\u00eb tok\u00eb bujq\u00ebsore kan\u00eb 21 pik\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrqindjes m\u00eb pak gjasa ta shqyrtojn\u00eb ikjen. Natyrisht, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb vitet e fundit kan\u00eb filluar t\u00eb merren me kultura bujq\u00ebsore. Por, aktiviteti i tyre shkon p\u00ebrtej bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb tradicionale. P\u00ebrmes granteve dhe p\u00ebrkrahjes s\u00eb donator\u00ebve, shum\u00eb bujq kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb nj\u00eb mir\u00ebqenie p\u00ebr familjet e tyre. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, p\u00ebrkrahja p\u00ebr modernizimin e bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb duket t\u00eb ket\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi edhe p\u00ebr migrimin e popullsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ngjash\u00ebm si t\u00eb riatdhesuarit, edhe shum\u00eb persona t\u00eb tjer\u00eb planifikojn\u00eb largimin nga vendi n\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e par\u00eb q\u00eb u jepet rasti. N\u00eb fakt, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve t\u00eb zanatit, viteve t\u00eb fundit v\u00ebrehet trendi i largimit t\u00eb trurit, kryesisht i doktor\u00ebve dhe njer\u00ebzve me aft\u00ebsi n\u00eb shkencat ekzakte. K\u00ebt\u00eb trend, natyrisht, nuk mund ta ndal\u00eb askush, pasi kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar nga praktikat e vendeve t\u00eb tjera. Por, vendi duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb objektiva q\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn e zvog\u00eblojn\u00eb trendin e largimit.<\/p>\n

*Q\u00ebndrimet e shprehura n\u00eb artikull jan\u00eb t\u00eb autorit dhe nuk p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb\u00a0institucionin n\u00eb t<\/em>\u00eb cilin ai punon<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cbsht\u00eb viti 2014. Egzoni, 25 vje\u00e7, pasi u p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndet me gruan dhe \u00e7ik\u00ebn e vog\u00ebl, u nis p\u00ebr te Stacioni i Autobus\u00ebve n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb. Pothuajse \u00e7do nat\u00eb, autobus\u00ebt q\u00eb \u00e7onin n\u00eb Subotic\u00eb ishin t\u00eb st\u00ebrmbushur. P\u00ebrmes Subotic\u00ebs, t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb si Egzoni kalonin ilegalisht kufirin p\u00ebr n\u00eb Hungari, p\u00ebr t\u00eb vazhduar tutje n\u00eb vendet e zhvilluara […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":8297,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[972,1285,1286],"ppma_author":[1012],"class_list":["post-6068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-kosove","tag-riatdhesimi","tag-riemigrimi"],"authors":[{"term_id":1012,"user_id":441,"is_guest":0,"slug":"albian-krasniqi","display_name":"Albian Krasniqi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Krasniqi","first_name":"Albian","description":"Albian Krasniqi \u00ebsht\u00eb kandidat p\u00ebr doktoratur\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin Teknologjik t\u00eb Dublinit, duke u specializuar p\u00ebr tregun e pun\u00ebs. Paraprakisht ka mbaruar studimet master p\u00ebr ekonomi t\u00eb zhvillimit, n\u00eb Universitetin e Sussexit, n\u00eb Angli. Albiani ka p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb pune si ekonomist n\u00eb institucionet vendore dhe organizatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/441"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6068"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6068\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8298,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6068\/revisions\/8298"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6068"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=6068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}