{"id":7289,"date":"2024-08-29T11:48:37","date_gmt":"2024-08-29T09:48:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=7289"},"modified":"2024-08-29T11:49:07","modified_gmt":"2024-08-29T09:49:07","slug":"regjistrimi-me-i-fundit-i-popullsise-ne-kosove-sinjalizon-probleme-serioze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/opinion\/regjistrimi-me-i-fundit-i-popullsise-ne-kosove-sinjalizon-probleme-serioze\/","title":{"rendered":"Regjistrimi m\u00eb i fundit i popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb sinjalizon probleme serioze"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave paraprake t\u00eb Regjistrimit t\u00eb Popullsis\u00eb, Ekonomive Familjare dhe Banesave (ReKos 2024)<\/a>, numri i popullsis\u00eb rezidente n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 1.59 milion\u00eb banor\u00eb, nj\u00eb ulje e konsiderueshme nga viti 2011 kur popullsia ishte rreth 1.79 milion\u00eb banor\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Trendi i plakjes s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb u shp\u00ebrfaq edhe tek mosha mesatare. N\u00eb vitin 2024, mosha mesatare \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 35 vje\u00e7, nj\u00eb rritje p\u00ebr 5 vjet krahasuar me vitin 2011.<\/p>\n

Vet\u00ebm n\u00ebnt\u00eb komuna, prej 38 n\u00eb total, pat\u00ebn rritje t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb, kurse 29 prej tyre u zvog\u00ebluan ndjesh\u00ebm, q\u00eb tregon p\u00ebr urbanizim t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Numri mesatar i an\u00ebtar\u00ebve n\u00eb nj\u00eb ekonomi familjare \u00ebsht\u00eb 4.5 banor\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2024, krahasuar me 5.9 banor\u00eb m\u00eb 2011 (zvog\u00eblim p\u00ebr 1.4 banor\u00eb). Pra, \u00ebsht\u00eb evidente se Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb futur n\u00eb fazat e fundit t\u00eb tranzicionit demografik, ku ka edhe mortalitet edhe natalitet t\u00eb ul\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto trende negative n\u00eb m\u00eb pak se 15 vite jan\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuese. R\u00ebnia e konsiderueshme e numrit t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb dhe mplakja e saj do t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb negativisht n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen e vendit.<\/p>\n

Cilat jan\u00eb shkaqet kryesore t\u00eb uljes s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave zyrtare, dy shkaqet kryesore t\u00eb r\u00ebnies s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb jan\u00eb emigrimi dhe r\u00ebnia e natalitetit. P\u00ebrderisa nataliteti korrespondon me urbanizmin dhe arsimimin e popullsis\u00eb, emigrimi i popullsis\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e preferenc\u00ebs, por kryesisht e kushteve ekonomike dhe mir\u00ebqenies.<\/p>\n

Niveli i lart\u00eb i emigracionit reflekton munges\u00ebn e mund\u00ebsive ekonomike brenda vendit. Arsyet kryesore t\u00eb largimit nga Kosova jan\u00eb mungesa e vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, mungesa e mund\u00ebsive p\u00ebr avancim profesional dhe mund\u00ebsive akademike p\u00ebr t\u2019u \u00a0zhvilluar, si dhe pagat e ul\u00ebta. Gjithashtu, disa profesione specifike nuk ushtrohen fare n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, q\u00eb tregon p\u00ebr munges\u00ebn e ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb avancuar.<\/p>\n

Poashtu, d\u00ebshira p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jetes\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb me standard m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe ofrimi i sh\u00ebrbimeve m\u00eb t\u00eb mira publike n\u00eb sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsi dhe arsim, mes tjerash, e b\u00ebn largimin nga Kosova si opsion m\u00eb t\u00eb preferuesh\u00ebm edhe p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar.<\/p>\n

\n

Prema raportit<\/a> t\u00eb Autoritetit Qeveritar P\u00ebr Migrim (AQM) t\u00eb publikuar n\u00eb dhjetor 2023, n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn 2018-2022 vler\u00ebsohet se nga Kosova kan\u00eb emigruar 156 mij\u00eb banor\u00eb apo rreth 8.9% e popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb vendit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nes\u00eb marrim parasysh edhe periudh\u00ebn 2013-2017<\/a>, kur \u00a0kan\u00eb emigruar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 170 mij\u00eb qytetar\u00eb del se, n\u00eb total, p\u00ebrbrenda nj\u00eb dekade (2013-2022) nga Kosova jan\u00eb larguar rreth 326 mij\u00eb banor\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Si ndikon ulja e popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen e vendit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fillimisht, zvog\u00eblimi i popullsis\u00eb ndikon n\u00eb uljen e papun\u00ebsis\u00eb, por ndikon negativisht edhe n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb pun\u00ebtore dhe kapacitetet zhvilluese t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. N\u00ebse vazhdon k\u00ebshtu, ky trend do t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb n\u00eb zvog\u00eblimin e baz\u00ebs s\u00eb tatimpaguesve dhe t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore. Kjo k\u00ebrkon politika t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr t\u00eb frenuar k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomen.<\/p>\n

Mungesa e fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore dhe asaj t\u00eb kualifikuar, do ta krijoj\u00eb nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr angazhimin e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve t\u00eb huaj n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, e cila pastaj krijon nj\u00eb sfid\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn: zhvillimin e programeve dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve integuese. Por, Kosova nuk ka arritur q\u00eb t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb mira p\u00ebr qytetar\u00ebt e saj dhe ende nuk ka kapacitet t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb \u00a0sh\u00ebrbime integruese p\u00ebr t\u00eb huajt.<\/p>\n

Pastaj, ulja e fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore e shton barr\u00ebn mbi sistemin e sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mplakjes s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb. Pra, nj\u00eb num\u00ebr m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl i pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve kan\u00eb barr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe q\u00eb t\u2019i mbulojn\u00eb pensionet q\u00eb shtohen t\u00eb pensionist\u00ebve n\u00eb rritje e sip\u00ebr. Kjo gj\u00eb gjithashtu n\u00ebnkupton nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb shpenzimeve publike dhe nj\u00eb presion m\u00eb t\u00eb madh mbi sistemin e pensioneve. Nj\u00eb rritje e popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb moshuar do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb investime n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore dhe kujdes social, duke kufizuar buxhetin p\u00ebr investime.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb fenomen i nd\u00ebrlidhur me mir\u00ebqenien dhe cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e sh\u00ebrbimeve publike \u00ebsht\u00eb ikja e trurit<\/strong>, apo emigrimi i personave me edukim t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen mjaft i d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm q\u00eb e godet shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb aspekte, duke zvog\u00ebluar popullsin\u00eb me edukim t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe baz\u00ebn e tatimpaguesve, duke dob\u00ebsuar zhvillimin ekonomik si dhe duke goditur s\u00ebrish sh\u00ebrbimet publike q\u00eb e ndjejn\u00eb munges\u00ebn e kuadrove.<\/p>\n

Rezultatet e regjistrimit t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb p\u00ebr vitin 2024 jan\u00eb vendimtare p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar dinamikat e reja t\u00eb vendit dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar drejtimin e politikave ekonomike dhe sociale. Nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb e detajuar dhe nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje e shpejt\u00eb nga ana e qeveris\u00eb dhe institucioneve \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr t\u00eb adresuar sfidat dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebto rezultate ofrojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb evidente se vendi \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb fazat e fundit t\u00eb tranzicionit demografik, gj\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton se n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn 25 vje\u00e7are pas luft\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb humbur mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfituar nga dividendi demografik, pra p\u00ebrfitimet ekonomike q\u00eb i sjell\u00eb popullsia m\u00eb e madhe. Ekonomia e dob\u00ebt dhe sh\u00ebrbimet publike t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb dob\u00ebt kan\u00eb rezultuar n\u00eb emigrim t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ikjen t\u00eb trurit. Ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr politika zhvillimore ekonomike q\u00eb synojn\u00eb ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb m\u00eb atraktive q\u00ebndrimin n\u00eb vend p\u00ebrmes krijimit t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe kompensimit m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb ka nevoje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet publike p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e jetes\u00ebs q\u00eb t\u00eb mos vazhdoj\u00eb ikja e trurit.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e fundit p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfituar nga demografia \u00ebsht\u00eb kohorta e lindur n\u00eb baby-boom<\/em>-in e pas luft\u00ebs, q\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb edukimit nuk kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs deri m\u00eb tash. Kjo kohort\u00eb tash futet n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs dhe ka potencial t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb zhvillim ekonomik n\u00ebse menaxhohet si\u00e7 duhet.<\/p>\n

Ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr politika industriale dhe investime t\u00eb brendshme q\u00eb sjellin zhvillim n\u00eb m\u00ebnyre q\u00eb t\u00eb parandalohet emigrimi i m\u00ebtutjesh\u00ebm. Migrimi i vazhdueshem, ka krijuar var\u00ebsi ekonomike nga diaspora, por kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ekonomi e q\u00ebndrueshme sepse nuk kemi burim t\u00eb pashtersh\u00ebm t\u00eb migrant\u00ebve q\u00eb shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb emigrojn\u00eb dhe d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb remitenca. Logjikisht, remitencat do t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohen n\u00eb periudhen e ardhshme, prandaj duhet fokusuar n\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb brendshme.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave paraprake t\u00eb Regjistrimit t\u00eb Popullsis\u00eb, Ekonomive Familjare dhe Banesave (ReKos 2024), numri i popullsis\u00eb rezidente n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 1.59 milion\u00eb banor\u00eb, nj\u00eb ulje e konsiderueshme nga viti 2011 kur popullsia ishte rreth 1.79 milion\u00eb banor\u00eb. Trendi i plakjes s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb u shp\u00ebrfaq edhe tek mosha mesatare. N\u00eb vitin 2024, mosha mesatare \u00ebsht\u00eb […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":6897,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[1006,624,1088,1089,1049],"ppma_author":[29],"class_list":["post-7289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-ekonomi","tag-kryesore","tag-migrimi-dhe-emigrimi","tag-regjistrimi-i-popullsise-2024","tag-zhvillimi-ekonomik"],"authors":[{"term_id":29,"user_id":19,"is_guest":0,"slug":"seb-bytyci","display_name":"Seb Byty\u00e7i","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1668771566235.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1668771566235.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Byty\u00e7i","first_name":"Seb","description":"Dr. Seb Bytyci ka p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebse n\u00eb hulumtim shkencor dhe m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnie p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy dekada, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb angazhime me University of London\/LSE, University of York, University of Winchester, William College, IPOL Institute, si dhe Police Federation of England and Wales. Ai ka qen\u00eb gjithashtu i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb avokim praktik dhe ka bashk\u00ebpunuar me organizata nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare si OKB, UNDP dhe OSBE.\r\n\r\nSeb ka doktoratur\u00eb (PhD) nga University of York; nj\u00eb Master n\u00eb Administrat\u00eb Publike (MPA) n\u00eb Analiz\u00eb Politikash dhe \u00c7\u00ebshtje Krahasuese & Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare nga Indiana University (Bloomington), si dhe nj\u00eb MES n\u00eb Integrim Evropian dhe Rajonaliz\u00ebm nga University of Graz\/EIPA\/EURAC.\r\n\r\nHulumtimi i tij i doktoratur\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb fokusuar n\u00eb institucionet n\u00eb vende n\u00eb tranzicion, nd\u00ebrsa fushat e tij t\u00eb interesit p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e institucioneve efektive dhe lidershipin, \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e BE-s\u00eb dhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, zgjidhjen e konflikteve, shtetin zhvillimor dhe proceset e transformimit shoq\u00ebror."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7289"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7289\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7299,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7289\/revisions\/7299"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6897"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7289"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=7289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}