{"id":7391,"date":"2023-04-27T15:01:49","date_gmt":"2023-04-27T13:01:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=7391"},"modified":"2024-09-09T15:08:46","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T13:08:46","slug":"mbi-pajtimin-e-arsyes-dhe-tradites-fetare-ne-islam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/mbi-pajtimin-e-arsyes-dhe-tradites-fetare-ne-islam\/","title":{"rendered":"Mbi pajtimin e arsyes dhe tradit\u00ebs fetare n\u00eb Islam"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mbresa nga leximi i traktatit \u201cMbi harmonin\u00eb e fes\u00eb dhe filozofis\u00eb\u201d t\u00eb Ibn Rushdiut.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debati q\u00eb e p\u00ebrshkoi t\u00ebr\u00eb epok\u00ebn formative t\u00eb Islamit kishte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte me autoritetin e njohjes: kush e g\u00ebzonte autoritetin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb epistemik: arsyeja apo tradita fetare, ose, me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, mendimi i lir\u00eb (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">akl<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) apo tradita interpretuese e Tekstit t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nakl<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Qysh n\u00eb nj\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb hershme, shkolla teologjike racionaliste n\u00eb Islam, e njohur si <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mutezila<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, u shqua p\u00ebr rolin qendor q\u00eb i njihte arsyes. Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, edhe ajo mbeti brenda korniz\u00ebs teologjike, stagnim i cili u tejkalua vet\u00ebm nga filozof\u00ebt e Islamit t\u00eb cil\u00ebt shtonin edhe metod\u00ebn filozofike, duke dal\u00eb k\u00ebshtu nga kornizat e teologjis\u00eb. Krahas k\u00ebsaj l\u00ebvizjeje, rryma tradicionaliste, q\u00eb arsyen e n\u00ebnshtronte n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb tradit\u00ebs, vazhdoi dhe u p\u00ebrhap n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn islame.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dy rrymat e p\u00ebrkund\u00ebrta t\u00eb mendimit islam vazhduan ta rivalizonin nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn p\u00ebr shekuj me radh\u00eb n\u00eb debatin k\u00ebmb\u00ebngul\u00ebs nd\u00ebrmjet \u201caklit\u201d dhe \u201cnaklit\u201d. N\u00eb shekullin XII, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sbunker.net\/vita-contemplativa-bllogje-tematike\/91668\/islami-ne-mes-arsyes-e-tradites\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rivaliteti nd\u00ebrmjet arsyes dhe tradit\u00ebs n\u00eb Islam<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> u sh\u00ebnua me kritik\u00ebn e mpreht\u00eb t\u00eb teologut, polimatit dhe mistikut t\u00eb Bagdadit El-Gazali n\u00eb lindje t\u00eb Bot\u00ebs islame, si dhe me mbrojtjen e paprecedent\u00eb t\u00eb arsyes nga filozofi dhe polimati i Kordob\u00ebs Ibn Rushd n\u00eb per\u00ebndim t\u00eb Bot\u00ebs islame, i mir\u00ebnjohur n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn e shekullit XIII me emrin Averroes dhe cil\u00ebsorin \u201ckomentatori\u201d, n\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb korpusi t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb komentareve t\u00eb veprave t\u00eb Aristotelit t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyera n\u00eb latinisht.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bota nd\u00ebrmjet Bagdadit dhe Kordob\u00ebs ishte nj\u00eb mjedis intelektual n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin \u00e7\u00ebshtjet q\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin debat nuk mund thjesht t\u00eb anashkaloheshin. Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjet ky\u00e7 t\u00eb debatit ishte problemi i kund\u00ebrshtive n\u00eb mes tradit\u00ebs fetare, n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb, dhe arsyes n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb mospajtimi n\u00eb mes precedentit t\u00eb tradit\u00ebs dhe rezultateve t\u00eb mendimit t\u00eb lir\u00eb p\u00ebr shum\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb besimit, doktrin\u00ebs, praktik\u00ebs ligjore, metod\u00ebs s\u00eb njohjes, e t\u00eb tjera.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ndryshe nga tradicionalist\u00ebt q\u00eb mbronin q\u00ebndrimin se kund\u00ebrshtit\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet tradit\u00ebs fetare dhe arsyes duheshin zgjidhur duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi tradit\u00ebs fetare, Ibn Rushdi propozoi zgjidhjen q\u00eb i jepte p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi arsyes. Ai mb\u00ebshteti nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim q\u00eb arsyes ia njihte autoritetin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebrkundrejt tradit\u00ebs fetare. N\u00eb traktatin e tij mbi natyr\u00ebn e filozofis\u00eb dhe fes\u00eb dhe raportin mes tyre t\u00eb titulluar <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fasl el-mekal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, i njohur p\u00ebr lexuesin shqip me titullin \u201cMbi harmonizimin e fes\u00eb dhe filozofis\u00eb: nj\u00eb ligj\u00ebrim vendimtar mbi p\u00ebrvijimin e lidhjes nd\u00ebrmjet fes\u00eb dhe filozofis\u00eb\u201d, (nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkthim m\u00eb i sakt\u00eb dhe m\u00eb i lexuesh\u00ebm i vepr\u00ebs n\u00eb shqip \u00ebsht\u00eb i d\u00ebshiruesh\u00ebm), Ibn Rushd parashtroi iden\u00eb se e v\u00ebrteta q\u00eb deduktohet nga arsyetimi filozofik dhe demonstrimi shkencor, n\u00eb thelb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn fetare t\u00eb konfirmuar n\u00eb Tekstin e shenjt\u00eb, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb Kuran. Kjo ide vjen nga Ibn Tufejl, prej t\u00eb cilit Ibn Rushd kishte m\u00ebsuar filozofin\u00eb, i cili n\u00eb novel\u00ebn filozofike \u201cHajj ibn Jakdhan\u201d kishte argumentuar fuqin\u00eb e arsyes njer\u00ebzore p\u00ebr t\u00eb kapur t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetat pa ndihm\u00ebn e zbules\u00ebs dhe m\u00ebsimeve fetare.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sido q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb teori e dy t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetave, nj\u00ebr\u00ebs fetare dhe tjetr\u00ebs filozofike, por nj\u00eb teori q\u00eb postulon se k\u00ebto dy forma t\u00eb njohjes arrijn\u00eb tek nj\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, sado q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin prova t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr ta v\u00ebrtetuar apo gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr ta shprehur. Dy llojet e provave dhe gjuh\u00ebve jan\u00eb p\u00ebr dy llojet e ndryshme t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb dallohen p\u00ebr nga niveli i arsimimit t\u00eb tyre. T\u00eb arsimuarit n\u00eb shkenca dhe filozofi mund t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetat e provuara p\u00ebrmes demonstrimit shkencor dhe deduksionit racional e filozofik dhe t\u00eb shprehura me gjuh\u00ebn abstrakte t\u00eb koncepteve, nd\u00ebrsa masat e pashkolluara kuptojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm gjuh\u00ebn e zbuluar t\u00eb Tekstit t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb, Kuranit, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb retorike, simbolike e metaforike (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mbi harmonizimin e fes\u00eb dhe filozofis\u00eb,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> f.26; <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fasl el-mekal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, para.16).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, Ibn Rushdi propozoi nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb problemit t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtive n\u00eb mes gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb Kuranit dhe arsyetimit fetar, n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb, dhe arsyetimit filozofik, racional e shkencor, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. Duke u nisur nga premisa se k\u00ebto ishin dy faqe t\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtete, Ibn Rushdi konsideronte se b\u00ebhej fjal\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr kund\u00ebrshti \u201cn\u00eb dukje\u201d, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb q\u00eb na shfaqen si t\u00eb tilla, ngaq\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta nuk mund ta kund\u00ebrshtoj\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn, pra vetveten, dhe se Zoti nuk do t\u00eb na dhuronte dy rrug\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn: arsyen dhe zbules\u00ebn (Kuranin) dhe pastaj k\u00ebto t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtonin nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. Pra, ne <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">na duket <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">se ka, por n\u00eb thelb, nuk mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb kund\u00ebrshti n\u00eb mes arsyes dhe zbules\u00ebs. Mospajtimet e dukshme buronin nga dallimet e dy logjikave ose t\u00eb dy regjistrave t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs: Kuranit, n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb, dhe filozofis\u00eb e shkenc\u00ebs, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb postulat dhe si p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb pyetjes q\u00eb dilte prej saj se \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhej kur <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dukej <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">se ka kund\u00ebrshti, ai mb\u00ebshteti nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim radikalisht racional: provat racionale dhe demonstrative (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">burhan<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) kan\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi ndaj ligjit fetar ose arsyetimit fetar (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sheria<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Sipas tij, kjo b\u00ebhej duke interpretuar alegorikisht (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tevil<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) Tekstin e shenjt\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht tradit\u00ebs interpretuese t\u00eb tij n\u00eb \u201cligjin\u201d fetar (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mbi harmonizimin e fes\u00eb dhe filozofis\u00eb<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> f.30; <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fasl el-mekal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, para.21).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Natyrisht, metoda e interpretimit alegorik nuk ishte nj\u00eb shpikje e Ibn Rushdiut, por nj\u00eb veg\u00ebl metodologjike e p\u00ebrdorur nga teolog\u00ebt, q\u00eb bazohej n\u00eb vet\u00eb tekstin e Kuranit i cili konfirmonte se p\u00ebrmbante vargje e dometh\u00ebnie \u201ct\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta me kuptime t\u00eb qarta\u201d si dhe vargje e dometh\u00ebnie \u201cdykuptim\u00ebshe q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb kuptime alegorike\u201d (Kurani, 3:7). Kjo e b\u00ebnte t\u00eb domosdoshme nevoj\u00ebn e interpretimit alegorik t\u00eb vargjeve e pohimeve dykuptim\u00ebsh\u00eb t\u00eb Kuranit. Dallimi n\u00eb mes tradicionalist\u00ebve dhe racionalist\u00ebve ishte se ata parashtronin propozime t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebrkitazi me at\u00eb se cilat ishin vargjet \u201cdykuptim\u00ebshe\u201d dhe se \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb demonstrohej me arsye e \u00e7far\u00eb jo. Sidoqoft\u00eb, vet\u00ebm argumenti radikal dhe q\u00ebndrimi i prer\u00eb e konsistent i Ibn Rushdit, e ngre arsyen n\u00eb statusin e autoritetit m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb njohjes dhe t\u00eb kriterit p\u00ebrfundimtar t\u00eb s\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A \u00ebsht\u00eb <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fasl-<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">i nj\u00eb traktat fetar apo filozofik? Mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb dyjat. Shikuar nga nj\u00eb an\u00eb, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb traktat fetar, duke qen\u00eb se argumenti parashtrohet nga nj\u00eb k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim fetar dhe shprehet me gjuh\u00eb fetare. Argumenti bosht p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga kat\u00ebr<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pjes\u00eb: <\/span><b>1.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Qysh n\u00eb fillim, argumentohet se p\u00ebrdorimi i deduksionit racional, demonstrimit filozofik \u00ebsht\u00eb i detyruesh\u00ebm nga pik\u00ebpamja e Ligjit fetar (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sheria<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fasl el-mekal,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> para. 1 dhe 4); <\/span><b>2.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ka nj\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb tek e cila arrihet ose p\u00ebrmes metodave t\u00eb argumentimit shkencor dhe deduksionit racional e filozofik ose p\u00ebrmes gjuh\u00ebs simbolike e metaforike t\u00eb Tekstit t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb, q\u00eb u p\u00ebrgjigjen llojeve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve var\u00ebsisht nga prirjet e tyre intelektuale dhe p\u00ebrgatitja e tyre shkollore (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fasl el-mekal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, para. 16, 51 dhe 55);<\/span><b> 3<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. K\u00ebto lloje t\u00eb metodave t\u00eb verifikimit t\u00eb s\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb mbahen t\u00eb ndara dhe t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrzihet diskursi dhe logjika e nj\u00ebr\u00ebs me tjetr\u00ebn, si\u00e7 kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb El-Gazali duke p\u00ebrzier teologjin\u00eb me filozofin\u00eb (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fasl el-mekal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, para. 29 e tutje dhe 45); <\/span><b>4.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> N\u00eb rast t\u00eb mosp\u00ebrputhjes, gjithsesi n\u00eb dukje, n\u00eb mes t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs s\u00eb verifikuar nga arsyeja (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">akl<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) dhe t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs s\u00eb verifikuar nga tradita interpretuese e Tekstit t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nakl<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), e v\u00ebrteta e arsyes \u00ebsht\u00eb e sakta dhe ajo ka p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fasl el-mekal,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> para.21).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u00ebshtu, po qe se e shikojm\u00eb nga nj\u00eb an\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fasli<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> na del nj\u00eb traktat filozofik, duke qen\u00eb se arrin n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin q\u00eb i jep p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi arsyes ndaj dogm\u00ebs, pra mendimit t\u00eb lir\u00eb ndaj tradit\u00ebs, dhe, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, hap nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb mendimit filozofik e shkencor t\u00eb papenguar nga dogma teologjike. Shkurt, pik\u00ebnisja e traktatit \u00ebsht\u00eb fetare, nd\u00ebrsa pik\u00ebmb\u00ebrritja, filozofike. Natyrisht, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00eb konventave t\u00eb filozof\u00ebve t\u00eb Islamit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt merrnin p\u00ebr objekt shqyrtimi edhe teologjin\u00eb, porse e k\u00ebqyrnin me standardin e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb filozofis\u00eb: ndryshe nga teolog\u00ebt, filozof\u00ebt n\u00eb vazhdim\u00ebsi shqyrtonin tradit\u00ebn interpretuese dhe ligjore, duke dal\u00eb nga kornizat dhe kufizimet q\u00eb i vinte teologjia.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00eb studimet orientale ka nj\u00eb prirje q\u00eb kjo kritik\u00eb e Ibn Rushdit kund\u00ebr apologjetik\u00ebs s\u00eb teologut El-Gazali t\u00eb shihet si polemika e fundit rreth \u201caklit\u201d dhe \u201cnaklit\u201d, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb arsyes dhe tradit\u00ebs fetare n\u00eb Islam. Ep\u00ebrsia e arsyes u mund n\u00eb Bagdad nga El-Gazaliu, por ajo vazhdoi t\u00eb mbrohej me zell n\u00eb Kordob\u00eb nga Ibn Rushdi. Sipas k\u00ebsaj pik\u00ebpamjeje, Bota islame anoi nga apologjetika e tradit\u00ebs dhe ortodoksis\u00eb e mbrojtur me aq zell nga El-Gazaliu dhe hyri n\u00eb nj\u00eb epok\u00eb stagnimi dituror, kulturor e arsimor, nd\u00ebrkaq filozofia e Ibn Rushdit u p\u00ebrqafua n\u00eb Europ\u00eb, ku filloi nj\u00eb interes i madh p\u00ebr mendimin e Aristotelit dhe Platonit q\u00eb i hapi rrug\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb dijeve e t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs dhe nj\u00eb bot\u00ebkuptimi t\u00eb ri me Rilindjen.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kjo pik\u00ebpamje \u00ebsht\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtuar si nj\u00eb paraqitje e thjesht\u00ebzuar e historis\u00eb intelektuale t\u00eb Islamit, mir\u00ebpo p\u00ebrve\u00e7 disa l\u00ebvizjeve intelektuale t\u00eb rralla pas shekullit XII, Bota islame nuk arriti t\u00eb zhvillonte nj\u00eb tradit\u00eb filozofike me racionalitetin n\u00eb qend\u00ebr, sipas vizionit t\u00eb Ibn Rushdit. Mendimi fetar dhe mendimi\u00a0 politik, etik e ligjor, u mbizot\u00ebrua nga nj\u00eb teologji (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kelam<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) q\u00eb promovonte tradit\u00ebn n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb dogmatike n\u00eb teologji, n\u00eb edukim e n\u00eb mendim, q\u00eb nuk i la gjithaq vend zhvillimit t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb t\u00eb mendimit filozofik dhe shkencor n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb myslimane.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sidoqoft\u00eb, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb debati i par\u00eb dhe i fundit n\u00eb historin\u00eb intelektuale t\u00eb Islamit \u00ebsht\u00eb ai rreth autoritetit epistemik. Ky debat ishte n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb zgjidhjes s\u00eb problemit n\u00ebse mendimi i lir\u00eb apo tradita fetare g\u00ebzonte autoritetin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb njohjes. K\u00ebshtu, u krijuan dy l\u00ebvizjet kryesore intelektuale n\u00eb Islam: racionaliste, n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb, dhe tradicionaliste, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. L\u00ebvizja racionaliste filloi me shkoll\u00ebn teologjike t\u00eb <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mutezilas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> n\u00eb shekullin VIII, u zhvillua nga nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sbunker.net\/vita-contemplativa-bllogje-tematike\/91200\/nga-humanizmi-islam-te-kriza-dhe-kritika-e-arsyes-islame\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201csi humaniste\u201d<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> n\u00eb Islamin mesjetar, dhe arriti kulmin me Ibn Rushdin e shekullit XII. Tradicionalizmi u mbrojt nga kritiku i arsyes greke n\u00eb Islam, El-Gazali. Jehona e k\u00ebtij debati n\u00eb mes dy qendrave intelektuale t\u00eb koh\u00ebs u d\u00ebgjua jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Bot\u00ebn islame, por edhe n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn mesdhetare. Statusi i arsyes dhe tradit\u00ebs n\u00eb teologji dhe n\u00eb doktrin\u00eb vazhdon t\u00eb debatohet edhe sot e asaj dite n\u00eb mendimin fetar islam.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mbresa nga leximi i traktatit \u201cMbi harmonin\u00eb e fes\u00eb dhe filozofis\u00eb\u201d t\u00eb Ibn Rushdiut. Debati q\u00eb e p\u00ebrshkoi t\u00ebr\u00eb epok\u00ebn formative t\u00eb Islamit kishte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte me autoritetin e njohjes: kush e g\u00ebzonte autoritetin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb epistemik: arsyeja apo tradita fetare, ose, me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, mendimi i lir\u00eb (akl) apo tradita interpretuese e [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":196,"featured_media":7393,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1100,954,1101,1099],"ppma_author":[700],"class_list":["post-7391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-feja","tag-filozofi","tag-letersi","tag-vita-contemplativa"],"authors":[{"term_id":700,"user_id":196,"is_guest":0,"slug":"gezim-selaci","display_name":"G\u00ebzim Selaci","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-1-e1728652765257.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1-1-e1728652765257.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Selaci","first_name":"G\u00ebzim","description":"G\u00ebzimi Selaci \u00ebsht\u00eb ligj\u00ebrues n\u00eb Departamentin e Sociologjis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs. Ka studiuar Sociologji dhe Teori politike n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb, Lond\u00ebr dhe Budapest. Specializimi i tij ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me legjitimimin e pushtetit dhe nd\u00ebrtimin e shtetit. Interesimi i tij p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrohet tek politika dhe pushteti n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri nga perspektiva nd\u00ebrdisiplinore dhe shtrihet tek t\u00eb kuptuarit e pranimit\/mospranimit t\u00eb autoritetit, dinamik\u00ebs s\u00eb identiteteve kolektive, si dhe aktivizmit politik."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/196"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7391"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7391\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7394,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7391\/revisions\/7394"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7391"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=7391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}