{"id":7564,"date":"2023-04-06T15:21:36","date_gmt":"2023-04-06T13:21:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=7564"},"modified":"2024-09-11T15:28:04","modified_gmt":"2024-09-11T13:28:04","slug":"perparesite-dhe-dobesite-e-shkollimit-ne-shtepi-rasti-i-europes-dhe-shba-se","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/perparesite-dhe-dobesite-e-shkollimit-ne-shtepi-rasti-i-europes-dhe-shba-se\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00ebrpar\u00ebsit\u00eb dhe dob\u00ebsit\u00eb e shkollimit n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi: Rasti i Europ\u00ebs dhe ShBA-s\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Forma tradicionale e arsimit njihet ajo e shkollimit formal brenda institucioneve arsimore t\u00eb cilat themelohen e udh\u00ebhiqen n\u00ebn p\u00ebrkujdesin e institucioneve publike.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb sistemet publike arsimore, m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnia dhe m\u00ebsimnx\u00ebnia zhvillohen kryesisht n\u00eb shkolla. N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e shteteve, shkollimi fillor dhe i mes\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb ligj\u00ebrisht i obliguar qysh n\u00eb shekullin 18.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb 1852, Massachusetts ishte shteti i par\u00eb i ShBA-s\u00eb q\u00eb miratoi nj\u00eb ligj t\u00eb detyruesh\u00ebm universal p\u00ebr arsimin publik. Shum\u00eb shtete t\u00eb tjera brenda ShBA-s\u00eb dhe shtete globale filluan ta ndjekin nj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb. Sistemet publike arsimore jan\u00eb zhvilluar n\u00eb tandem me procesin e <\/span>industrializimit<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Para shekullit 18, shkollimi ka qen\u00eb privilegj i aristokracis\u00eb dhe kish\u00ebs. Ky fakt na tregon q\u00eb sistemet arsimore, ndon\u00ebse ngadal\u00eb, jan\u00eb n\u00eb proces t\u00eb p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm t\u00eb evoluimit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr deg\u00ebzimet m\u00eb t\u00eb theksuara q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re te sistemet tradicionale t\u00eb arsimit \u00ebsht\u00eb shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. Kjo l\u00ebvizje ka filluar rreth viteve <\/span>1970<\/span><\/a>, nisur nga teoricieni John Holt, i cili ishte ideatori q\u00eb prind\u00ebrit t\u2019i \u00e7lirojn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre nga sistemet formale shkollore.<\/span><\/p>\n

Holt ishte i besimit q\u00eb <\/span>shkolla tradicionale<\/span><\/a> nxit\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsuarit p\u00ebrmend\u00ebsh dhe memorizimin e fakteve\/informacioneve duke i \u2018rob\u00ebruar\u2019 f\u00ebmij\u00ebt nga t\u00eb menduarit kritik. M\u00eb tutje, ai ka argumentuar se metodat e m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnies krijojn\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb cil\u00ebt hezitojn\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00eb dhe arsyeja e vetme pse e b\u00ebjn\u00eb at\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb shmangin nd\u00ebshkimin e talljen nga m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit e prind\u00ebrit dhe eventualisht t\u2019i b\u00ebjn\u00eb krenar\u00eb ata.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi?<\/b><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr dallim nga shkollimi tradicional, <\/span>shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi<\/span><\/a> \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb metod\u00eb edukimi ku prind\u00ebrit ose kujdestar\u00ebt zgjedhin t\u2019i m\u00ebsojn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, n\u00eb vend se t\u2019i d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb publike ose private.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arsyet q\u00eb i shtyjn\u00eb prind\u00ebrit ta ndjekin k\u00ebt\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb shkollimit jan\u00eb nga m\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshmet: pik\u00ebpamjet fetare ose filozofike, shqet\u00ebsimet apo dyshimet p\u00ebr cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e arsimit n\u00eb shkollat tradicionale, e deri te d\u00ebshira p\u00ebr nj\u00eb arsim t\u00eb personalizuar dhe m\u00eb kualitativ.<\/span><\/p>\n

Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, n\u00eb vend se t\u00eb p\u00ebrcjellin nj\u00eb kurrikul\u00eb t\u00eb standardizuar nga institucionet relevante, prind\u00ebrit e krijojn\u00eb kurrikul\u00ebn vet\u00eb dhe b\u00ebhen m\u00ebsues t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre, ose marrin m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebs p\u00ebr ta zbatuar k\u00ebt\u00eb proces. N\u00eb vijim do t\u00eb shqyrtohen p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsit\u00eb dhe dob\u00ebsit\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj metode t\u00eb arsimit.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrpar\u00ebsit\u00eb e shkollimit n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi<\/b><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr <\/span>p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsit\u00eb<\/span><\/a> \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb prind\u00ebrit kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb ta krijojn\u00eb kurrikul\u00ebn n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ta p\u00ebrshtatin me nevojat e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti, n\u00eb ambientin ku nuk ka shum\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb, nx\u00ebn\u00ebsi mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb v\u00ebmendje t\u00eb mjaftueshme dhe t\u00eb ket\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb pyetje e reagim.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb treti, p\u00ebrmendet fleksibiliteti n\u00eb planifikim, q\u00eb ua mund\u00ebson familjeve ta organizojn\u00eb koh\u00ebn sipas nevojave.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund, prind\u00ebrit mund ta kontrollojn\u00eb mjedisin ku rriten f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre, duke i mbrojtur ata nga ndikimet negative, si ngacmimet e dhuna.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dob\u00ebsit\u00eb e shkollimit n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi<\/b><\/p>\n

Shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi ka dob\u00ebsit\u00eb dhe <\/span>disavantazhet<\/span><\/a> e veta. S\u00eb pari, shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi e ul dhe kufizon duksh\u00ebm interaksionin social t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe si rezultat f\u00ebmij\u00ebt kan\u00eb m\u00eb pak nd\u00ebrveprim m\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb tjer\u00eb dhe mund t\u00eb mos i zhvillojn\u00eb aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e tyre sociale.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti, f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e shkolluar n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi mund t\u00eb mos ken\u00eb qasje ne t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat aktivitete jasht\u00ebshkollore, si ekipet sportive dhe klubet e ndryshme.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb treti, nj\u00eb disavantazh serioz \u00ebsht\u00eb mungesa e prind\u00ebrve t\u00eb kualifikuar dhe rreziku i mosnjohjes (mosakreditimit) s\u00eb k\u00ebtij arsimimi m\u00eb von\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb probleme serioze p\u00ebr shkollimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb arsimin terciar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dallimet mes shkollimit n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi n\u00eb ShBA-s\u00eb dhe Europ\u00eb<\/b><\/p>\n

Shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi rregullohet ligj\u00ebrisht nga vendi n\u00eb vend. Shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht m\u00eb pak i zakonsh\u00ebm dhe m\u00eb pak i pranuar kulturalisht e ligj\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Europ\u00eb sesa n\u00eb ShBA, ku shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi shihet si nj\u00eb opsion legjitim arsimor dhe ku diku rreth <\/span>3.135<\/span><\/a> milion\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebs shkollohen n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb vitit 2021-2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkaq n\u00eb Europ\u00eb shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak i popullarizuar dhe numri varion sepse n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e ligjshme fare, gj\u00eb q\u00eb krijon diskrepanc\u00eb t\u00eb madhe me rastin e ShBA-s\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shtetet ku ka num\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb <\/span>madh<\/span><\/a> t\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve q\u00eb shkollohen n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi jan\u00eb Mbret\u00ebria e Bashkuar me rreth 200,000 nx\u00ebn\u00ebs, Franca me rreth 63,000 nx\u00ebn\u00ebs dhe Polonia me rreth 15,034 nx\u00ebn\u00ebs. N\u00eb Europ\u00eb, shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht m\u00eb pak i njohur dhe m\u00eb pak i mbrojtur ligj\u00ebrisht sesa n\u00eb ShBA.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb disa vende, si <\/span>Gjermania<\/span><\/a> dhe <\/span>Suedia<\/span><\/a>, ai ose \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i rregulluar ose i ndaluar plot\u00ebsisht. Prandaj, prind\u00ebrit q\u00eb zgjedhin t\u2019i shkollojn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi u k\u00ebrkohet t\u00eb ndjekin standarde t\u00eb rrepta arsimore, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb vler\u00ebsimet dhe provimet e rregullta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi n\u00eb Ballkan<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u00eb Ballkan, shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse inekzistent. Shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi n\u00eb Ballkan ndryshon sipas shteteve, por n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi ai nuk pranohet apo praktikohet aq gjer\u00ebsisht sa \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb disa pjes\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb bot\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the latest <\/span>Kosovo<\/span><\/a>, rregullimi ligjor i cili mund\u00ebson implementimin e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb paksa i koklavitur. P\u00ebr shkak se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb e \u2018paprekur\u2019, nuk ekziston legjislatura e cila e sanksionon qart\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje. Ndon\u00ebse ekzistojn\u00eb dispozitat ligjore q\u00eb pohojn\u00eb se shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi \u00ebsht\u00eb i ligjsh\u00ebm, nuk ekziston ndonj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje p\u00ebr zbatimin praktik t\u00eb tij.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>In the latest <\/span>Srbija<\/span><\/a>, shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi \u00ebsht\u00eb i ligjsh\u00ebm n\u00eb raste t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, kur jan\u00eb n\u00eb pyetje f\u00ebmij\u00eb me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb kufizuara ose s\u00ebmundje q\u00eb i pengojn\u00eb ata t\u00eb ndjekin shkoll\u00ebn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngjash\u00ebm si n\u00eb Serbi, n\u00eb <\/span>Shqip\u00ebri<\/span><\/a> jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm disa raste specifike kur lejohet, mir\u00ebpo \u00ebsht\u00eb obligative q\u00eb t\u00eb angazhohet nj\u00eb m\u00ebsues\/pedagog i lincensuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar mbar\u00ebvajtjen e m\u00ebsimeve. N\u00eb <\/span>Kroaci<\/span><\/a>, shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i ligjsh\u00ebm fare, por, nj\u00ebjt\u00eb si n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri e Serbi, t\u00eb vijuarit m\u00ebsimet n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi p\u00ebrb\u00ebn p\u00ebrjashtim p\u00ebr situata t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, shkollimi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi n\u00eb Ballkan \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje komplekse q\u00eb ndryshon sipas vendit dhe form\u00ebsohet nga faktor\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb si q\u00ebndrimet kulturore, kornizat ligjore dhe burimet njer\u00ebzore e financiare. Pra, kjo form\u00eb e shkollimit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ende nj\u00eb opsion gjer\u00ebsisht i pranuar ose i qassh\u00ebm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qasja ligjore dhe kulturore ndaj arsimit shkollor n\u00eb Ballkan dhe Europ\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb duksh\u00ebm e ndryshme nga ajo n\u00eb ShBA. P\u00ebrderisa SHBA-ja e ka integruar k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje si ligj\u00ebrisht, ashtu edhe kulturalisht, disa shtete europiane nuk e kan\u00eb prioritizuar k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje dhe nuk i kan\u00eb kushtuar v\u00ebmendje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kjo gj\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb si rezultat i k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs s\u00eb ul\u00ebt p\u00ebr nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb arsimimi; rrjedhimisht, nuk ka pasur shqyrtim m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb ligjor e as praktik mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Forma tradicionale e arsimit njihet ajo e shkollimit formal brenda institucioneve arsimore t\u00eb cilat themelohen e udh\u00ebhiqen n\u00ebn p\u00ebrkujdesin e institucioneve publike. N\u00eb sistemet publike arsimore, m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnia dhe m\u00ebsimnx\u00ebnia zhvillohen kryesisht n\u00eb shkolla. N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e shteteve, shkollimi fillor dhe i mes\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb ligj\u00ebrisht i obliguar qysh n\u00eb shekullin 18. N\u00eb 1852, Massachusetts ishte shteti […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":7565,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1130,672,999,1131],"ppma_author":[46],"class_list":["post-7564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-cmesime","tag-eu","tag-shba","tag-sistemi-i-edukimit"],"authors":[{"term_id":46,"user_id":36,"is_guest":0,"slug":"adea-batusha","display_name":"Adea Batusha","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/adea.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/adea.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Batusha","first_name":"Adea","description":"Adea Batusha ka p\u00ebrfunduar studimet Bachelor n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs p\u00ebr Filozofi, dhe tani po vazhdon studimet Master n\u00eb Universitetin e Uppsal\u00ebs p\u00ebr Sociologji t\u00eb Arsimit. Si aktiviste politike ka qen\u00eb aktive nga viti 2010, s\u00eb pari n\u00eb L\u00ebvizjen VET\u00cbVENDOSJE! dhe m\u00eb pas n\u00eb Partin\u00eb Socialdemokrate ku \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndruar n\u00eb forumin per politika, specifikisht n\u00eb departamentin e arsimit.\r\n"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/36"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7564"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7566,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7564\/revisions\/7566"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7564"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=7564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}