{"id":762,"date":"2023-10-06T14:01:27","date_gmt":"2023-10-06T14:01:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=762"},"modified":"2024-11-27T15:43:10","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:43:10","slug":"pse-perendimi-kembengul-per-nje-kosove-multietnike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/opinion\/pse-perendimi-kembengul-per-nje-kosove-multietnike\/","title":{"rendered":"Pse Per\u00ebndimi k\u00ebmb\u00ebngul p\u00ebr nj\u00eb Kosov\u00eb multietnike?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb shteti m\u00eb homogjen etnikisht n\u00eb Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor, me rreth 92% t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb vet t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga shqiptar\u00eb etnik\u00eb, por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shtet multietnik, si\u00e7 p\u00ebrcaktohet me kushtetut\u00ebn e saj.<\/p>\n

Pakica e dyt\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe etnike n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb komuniteti serb, me rreth 5% t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme. Diskutimet lidhur me t\u00eb drejtat e pakicave p\u00ebrqendrohen kryesisht te komuniteti serb. Pjesa tjet\u00ebr e pakicave etnike, si rom\u00ebt, ashkalit\u00eb e egjiptian\u00ebt, priren t\u00eb anashkalohen, apo edhe margjinalizohen.<\/p>\n

Njer\u00ebzit nga k\u00ebto komunitete shpesh p\u00ebrballen me kushte t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira dhe nga qeveria marrin mb\u00ebshtetje minimale, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7on drejt nj\u00eb ndjesie t\u00eb n\u00ebnp\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit dhe v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsive n\u00eb krijimin e lidhjeve me Kosov\u00ebn dhe institucionet e saj.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb grua 25-vje\u00e7are nga Prishtina s\u00eb fundmi m\u00eb pyeti n\u00ebse rom\u00ebt mund ta p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb Kosov\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb gar\u00eb sportive. P\u00ebr t\u00eb, vet\u00ebm shqiptar\u00ebt etnik\u00eb kan\u00eb statusin e qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Shumica e vendeve jan\u00eb thelb\u00ebsisht shum\u00eb-etnike dhe ato q\u00eb p\u00ebrqafojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb diversitet, sado i vog\u00ebl apo i zorsh\u00ebm qoft\u00eb, korrin p\u00ebrfitimet e pasuris\u00eb kulturore, n\u00eb sport, inovacion si dhe zhvillimit ekonomik.<\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, me insistimin e Per\u00ebndimit, posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara, pohimi se Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb multietnike shkon p\u00ebrtej p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsive socio-ekonomike. Realisht, fillon n\u00eb vitet e pasluft\u00ebs, kur vlonin debatet p\u00ebr statusin e ardhsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs: a do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej protektorat, territor, apo shtet i pavarur?<\/p>\n

Pas shum\u00eb dekadash diskriminimi sistematik t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb Jugosllavi, u b\u00eb e pamundur p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn t\u00eb mbetej pjes\u00eb e Serbis\u00eb. Populli s\u2019e pranonte dot k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Mir\u00ebpo, tashti shtrohej \u00e7\u00ebshtja se si do ta trajtonin shqiptar\u00ebt pakic\u00ebn serbe? Dhe, n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 2000, u ngrit\u00ebn shqet\u00ebsime p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb sulmeve hakmarr\u00ebse t\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs ndaj serb\u00ebve dhe grupeve t\u00eb tjera minoritare (p\u00ebr shembull, rom\u00ebve), t\u00eb dyshuar p\u00ebr bashk\u00ebpunim me regjimin jugosllav.<\/p>\n

Organizata p\u00ebr Siguri dhe Bashk\u00ebpunim n\u00eb Europ\u00eb (OSCE) vler\u00ebsoi se menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas luft\u00ebs, n\u00eb qershor 1999, p\u00ebr \u00e7do jav\u00eb vriteshin mesatarisht 50 njer\u00ebz<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pask\u00ebtaj vijuan sulmet e marsit 2004 ndaj komuniteteve serbe dhe trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb s\u00eb tyre kulturore, sulme k\u00ebto q\u00eb cil\u00ebsoheshin t\u00eb dhunshme dhe trondit\u00ebse. Komuniteti nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar duhej ta adresonte k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje drejtp\u00ebrs\u00ebdrejti.<\/p>\n

Human Rights Watch i\u00a0rekomandoi<\/a>\u00a0qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs: \u201cAngazhohuni drejt nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmeje multietnike dhe b\u00ebjeni t\u00eb qart\u00eb se sulmet kund\u00ebr pakicave do t\u00eb ndiqen fuqish\u00ebm.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Incidenti i marsit 2004 paraqet nj\u00eb pik\u00eb kthese n\u00eb diskutimet p\u00ebr statusin e ardhsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Kat\u00ebr vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb, me nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb konsiderueshme nga vendet per\u00ebndimore, posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht nga Shtetet e Bashkuara, Kosova shpalli pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb e saj.<\/p>\n

Kushtetuta e Kosov\u00ebs u hartua n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb parimeve liberale demokratike dhe p\u00ebrfshinte t\u00eb drejta gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse p\u00ebr pakicat etnike. K\u00ebtu hynin dispozita t\u00eb atilla si vendet e rezervuara n\u00eb Kuvend p\u00ebr minoritetet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb sigurohej pjes\u00ebmarrja e tyre aktive n\u00eb jet\u00ebn qytetare.<\/p>\n

Gjuha serbe u b\u00eb gjuh\u00eb zyrtare dhe serb\u00ebve iu dha e drejta t\u00eb ken\u00eb shkollat e tyre, institucionet kulturore e fetare dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb edhe kujdesin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor.<\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht tensioneve t\u00eb vazhdueshme dhe munges\u00ebs s\u00eb normalizimit t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve me Serbin\u00eb, vendet per\u00ebndimore ende vazhdojn\u00eb avokimin e tyre p\u00ebr nj\u00eb Kosov\u00eb multietnike.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 2013, Kosova u zotua t\u00eb themeloj\u00eb nj\u00eb Asociacion t\u00eb Komunave me Shumic\u00eb Serbe (AKS), q\u00eb do t\u2019u siguronte dispozita t\u00eb gjera autonome serb\u00ebve lokal\u00eb sa i p\u00ebrket zhvillimit urban, zhvillimit ekonomik, kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor dhe sistemit shkollor, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjerash.<\/p>\n

Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs ka refuzuar zbatimin e AKS-n\u00eb. M\u00eb 2015, Gjykata Kushtetuese e Kosov\u00ebs, gjykata m\u00eb e lart\u00eb n\u00eb vend, vendosi se disa nga dispozitat ekzekutive t\u00eb AKS-s\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me Kushtetut\u00ebn e Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb nga at\u00ebher\u00eb, Kosova ka refuzuar t\u00eb hartoj\u00eb nj\u00eb statut t\u00eb ri dhe t\u00eb zbatoj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjen, duke krijuar k\u00ebsisoj nj\u00eb penges\u00eb n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet midis komuniteteve shqiptare dhe serbe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/p>\n

ShBA-ja vazhdon t\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00ebngul\u00eb n\u00eb AKS-n\u00eb p\u00ebr tri arsye kryesore: s\u00eb pari, ShBA-ja e sheh at\u00eb si nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm q\u00eb siguron efektivisht t\u00eb drejtat e pakic\u00ebs serbe. S\u00eb dyti, eliminon \u00e7do arsyetim t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm q\u00eb Serbia t\u00eb pretendoj\u00eb se t\u00eb drejtat e serb\u00ebve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs nuk mbrohen. S\u00eb treti, mund\u00ebson integrim m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb brenda shtetit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb transparente gjith\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjen financiare p\u00ebr komunitetin serb.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb problem potencial me ASM-n\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rreziku i rritjes s\u00eb segregacionit nd\u00ebrmjet komuniteteve. Edhe pse shum\u00eb komunitete me shumic\u00eb serbe jan\u00eb multietnike, t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebra nga goran\u00ebt, boshnjak\u00ebt, shqiptar\u00ebt dhe rom\u00ebt, ekziston shqet\u00ebsimi se ASM mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrforcoj\u00eb pa dashje ndarje etnike.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr penges\u00eb e mundshme \u00ebsht\u00eb se AKS-ja mund t\u2019i izoloj\u00eb komunitetet e tjera pakic\u00eb, posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht ashkalit\u00eb dhe egjiptian\u00ebt, q\u00eb ende nuk marrin mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb mjaftueshme nga shteti p\u00ebr t\u2019u integruar plot\u00ebsisht n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, edhe po t\u00eb ket\u00eb AKS, shteti i Kosov\u00ebs \u2013 n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha pakicat e tij. AKS-ja n\u00eb esenc\u00eb ia dor\u00ebzon at\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebr komunitetet me shumic\u00eb serbe p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur t\u00eb drejtat e tyre p\u00ebr vet\u00ebmenaxhim n\u00eb arsim, \u00e7\u00ebshtjet kulturore dhe kujdesin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor.<\/p>\n

Por, kjo nuk duhet t\u00eb shihet si arsyetim p\u00ebr t\u2019u distancuar t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht nga \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e pakicave.<\/p>\n

Themelimi i nj\u00eb AKS-je \u2013 q\u00eb do t\u00eb zbatohej n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb duhur \u2013 idealisht do t\u00eb \u00e7onte drejt decentralizimit t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb afronte komunitetet n\u00ebn flamurin e Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb t\u00eb krijohen m\u00eb shum\u00eb lidhje dhe shk\u00ebmbime midis t\u00eb gjitha komuniteteve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb n\u00eb baza ditore dhe q\u00eb t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb ve\u00e7 i nj\u00ebjti grup i OJQ-ve apo figurave kriminale q\u00eb kultivojn\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet multietnike.<\/p>\n

Vet\u00ebm ky ndryshim kulturor n\u00eb mentalitetin e Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha sferat \u2013 kur t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb integrim t\u00ebr\u00ebsor e kuptimplot\u00eb \u2013 do t\u2019i b\u00ebj\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme reformat ligjore dhe strukturore.<\/p>\n

ShBA-ja dhe aleat\u00ebt duhet q\u00eb vazhdimisht t\u00eb garantojn\u00eb\u00a0partner\u00ebt e saj se Kosova do t\u00eb jet\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb shtet multietnik dhe divers. Ambasadori amerikan,\u00a0Jeffrey M. Hovenier, e rip\u00ebrs\u00ebriti k\u00ebt\u00eb gj\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb<\/a>\u00a0pas sulmit t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb Banjsk\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u201cShtetet e Bashkuara e kan\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur Kosov\u00ebn si vend sovran dhe t\u00eb pavarur. Kjo mb\u00ebshtetje bazohej n\u00eb t\u00eb kuptuarit se Kosova do t\u00eb ishte vend demokratik dhe multietnik dhe me kalimin e viteve kemi investuar shum\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar karakterin multietnik t\u00eb saj<\/em>\u201d, tha ambasadori amerikan.<\/p>\n

Kur nj\u00eb 25-vje\u00e7are nga Prishtina t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb se Kosova p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga njer\u00ebz t\u00eb kulturave t\u00eb ndryshme dhe se ata e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb vendin e saj po aq sa ajo, at\u00ebher\u00eb Kosova do t\u00eb ket\u00eb krijuar kosovar\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb shteti m\u00eb homogjen etnikisht n\u00eb Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor, me rreth 92% t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb vet t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga shqiptar\u00eb etnik\u00eb, por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shtet multietnik, si\u00e7 p\u00ebrcaktohet me kushtetut\u00ebn e saj. Pakica e dyt\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe etnike n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb komuniteti serb, me rreth 5% t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme. Diskutimet […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":9690,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[672,664,673],"ppma_author":[27],"class_list":["post-762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-eu","tag-kosovo","tag-western-balkans"],"authors":[{"term_id":27,"user_id":17,"is_guest":0,"slug":"bronwyn-jones","display_name":"Bronwyn Jones","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/2-2.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/2-2.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Jones","first_name":"Bronwyn","description":"Bronwyn Jones is a writer, editor and media practitioner who currently is the Executive Director of New Perspektiva a media NGO that highlights the issues of majority-minority relationships in Kosovo."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=762"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/762\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10725,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/762\/revisions\/10725"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9690"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=762"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=762"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}