{"id":7834,"date":"2016-11-03T11:42:59","date_gmt":"2016-11-03T09:42:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=7834"},"modified":"2024-09-23T11:46:02","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T09:46:02","slug":"riprodhimi-i-institucioneve-jugosllave-dhe-i-klases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/analize\/riprodhimi-i-institucioneve-jugosllave-dhe-i-klases\/","title":{"rendered":"Riprodhimi i institucioneve jugosllave dhe i klas\u00ebs"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rikthimi i fresk\u00ebt i statusit si kriter n\u00eb llogaritje t\u00eb pensioneve \u00ebsht\u00eb institucion jugosllav, kurse mbrojtja sociale n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb krijon tendenca t\u00eb riprodhimit t\u00eb klasave n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb t\u00eb painkuadruarve.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gjykata Kushtetuese e Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb dhjetor t\u00eb vitit 2011 e pat b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb pavlefsh\u00ebm nj\u00eb pension t\u00eb krijuar nga deputet\u00ebt p\u00ebr vete. Pensioni krijonte kushte q\u00eb nj\u00eb deputet t\u00eb mund t\u00eb dilte n\u00eb pension pas vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb mandati, qysh n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 55 vje\u00e7e, me minimum 50% t\u00eb pag\u00ebs si deputet. Sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb mandate, m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dilnin benefitet p\u00ebr deputet\u00ebt dhe an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e tyre t\u00eb famlijes, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb at\u00eb pension 8-10 her\u00eb m\u00eb shp\u00ebrblyes se pensioni baz\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gjykata qe mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb parimin e barazis\u00eb sociale p\u00ebr ta anuluar ligjin. N\u00eb vendimin e saj ajo vrojtonte se…\u201cky legjislacion krijon diskriminim ndaj pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pensionist\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe i shkel parimet e barazis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb sociale t\u00eb mbrojtura me kushtetut\u00eb\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb blogun e kaluar \u00ebsht\u00eb argumentuar se, me forcimin e rolit t\u00eb autoriteteve kosovare rreth dhe pas pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb, politika ka zgjedhur p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht qasje t\u00eb targetimit dhe segmentimit n\u00eb politikat sociale n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb minoriteteve, gruas, p\u00ebrfshirjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme etj. Ky blog identifikon edhe dy aspekte problematike nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i parimit t\u00eb barazis\u00eb: rikthimin e rolit t\u00eb statusit dhe tendenc\u00ebn e riprodhimit t\u00eb klasave n\u00eb plan afatgjat\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb maj t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti, Qeveria vendosi q\u00eb nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb kategorizonte pensionet kontributdh\u00ebn\u00ebse t\u00eb para 1999-t\u00ebs duke u bazuar n\u00eb kontributin e dh\u00ebn\u00eb dhe nivelin e shkollimit. Sipas biografis\u00eb s\u00eb arsimimit – fillor, i mes\u00ebm, i lart\u00eb a superior – nj\u00eb pensionist mund t\u00eb marr\u00eb deri n\u00eb 72-90 euro t\u00eb ardhura m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se tjetri. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb institucioni i par\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00ebn e pasluft\u00ebs q\u00eb e sjell statusin arsimor si kriter n\u00eb benefitet sociale dhe p\u00ebrb\u00ebn direkt rikthim nga p\u00ebrvoja n\u00ebn Jugosllavi, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht Bashk\u00ebsin\u00eb e Sigurimit Pensional dhe Invalidor t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ka disa vende n\u00eb Europ\u00eb q\u00eb ende kan\u00eb praktika t\u00eb ngjashme. Megjithat\u00eb, nga perspektiva e barazis\u00eb sociale ku referohet edhe Gjykata Kushtetuese, rregullimi \u00ebsht\u00eb problematik sepse shteti i mir\u00ebqenies do t\u00eb duhej t\u2019i mbulonte dallimet nga statusi e jo t\u2019i sforcoj\u00eb ato. Kriteri i statusit duket se ka ardhur si pasoj\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsive t\u00eb Qeveris\u00eb p\u00ebr ta gjetur zgjidhjen brenda llogaritjes s\u00eb kontributit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, tendenca p\u00ebr t\u00eb riprodhuar pozit\u00ebn klasore ushqehet nga dy faktor\u00eb: mosplot\u00ebsimi i m\u00ebtejm\u00eb i shtetit t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies dhe d\u00ebshtimi i Qeveris\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar pun\u00eb. Dy institucione jan\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb v\u00ebzhgohen n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt: pushimi i lehonis\u00eb dhe pensionet e sektorit publik.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pushimi i lehonis\u00eb mbulon vet\u00ebm t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarit (deri m\u00eb tash numri m\u00eb i madh p\u00ebrfituesve ka ardhur nga sektori publik). N\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb institucioni tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr kujdes ndaj f\u00ebmij\u00ebs – p\u00ebrve\u00e7 kategoris\u00eb s\u00eb II-t\u00eb t\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs sociale q\u00eb ndihmon t\u00eb varfrit me nj\u00eb prind t\u00eb aft\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00eb dhe minimum nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb n\u00ebn mosh\u00ebn pes\u00eb vje\u00e7 – Kosova me t\u00eb riprodhon dallimet klasore sepse koncentrohet te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve (sidomos ata nga sektori publik), ndihmon nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve dhe l\u00eb shumic\u00ebn jasht\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kjo dmth. se, p\u00ebr shembull, duke kalkuluar mbi parashikimet e popullsis\u00eb, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e p\u00ebrfituesve nga gjith\u00eb skemat e ndihm\u00ebs sociale dhe lehonis\u00eb, t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb dhe madh\u00ebsis\u00eb mesatare t\u00eb familjes, shteti i Kosov\u00ebs nuk jep asnj\u00eb lloj mb\u00ebshtetje cash p\u00ebr 83.9% t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti p\u00ebr 45.3% t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb familje t\u00eb varfra.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Burimet baz\u00eb: MPMS, Raporti vjetor i Sektorit t\u00eb Ndihm\u00ebs Sociale (2015); Parashikimi i popullsis\u00eb p\u00ebr 2011-2061, versioni i mes\u00ebm – Agjencia e Statistik\u00ebs e Kosov\u00ebs (2011).<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Me kushtet e Kosov\u00ebs, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit t\u00eb kufizuar, n\u00eb rrafshin afatgjat\u00eb pensionet e sektorit publik (q\u00eb paguhen nga taksat e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb) do t\u00eb rriten ndjesh\u00ebm duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb vendit nj\u00eb prirje thelb\u00ebsisht etatiste n\u00ebse gjendja ekonomike nuk ndryshon. Edhe ashtu sektori publik, i paguar nga taksat, krijon kushte favorizuese n\u00eb rrethana tregu t\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Prandaj edhe ky \u00ebsht\u00eb riprodhim i klas\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pensionet e sektorit publik – n\u00ebpun\u00ebsve civil\u00eb, Forc\u00ebs s\u00eb Siguris\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe me gjas\u00eb edhe Policis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs – kan\u00eb gjithashtu implikime n\u00eb status p\u00ebr shkak q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb pensionim m\u00eb t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm, prej 63 n\u00eb 55 vje\u00e7. Kjo vjen shpesh si pasoj\u00eb e leximeve q\u00eb nuk konsiderojn\u00eb kontekstin historik t\u00eb legjislacioneve t\u00eb huaja t\u00eb cilat i kan\u00eb ngritur k\u00ebto institucione n\u00eb koh\u00eb kur jet\u00ebgjat\u00ebsia ka qen\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e shkurt\u00eb dhe rreziku m\u00eb i lart\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto dallime q\u00eb vijn\u00eb si pasoj\u00eb e statusit dhe pozit\u00ebs ekonomike kan\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb ken\u00eb pasoja ndaj t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve, f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb painkuadruarve n\u00eb pun\u00eb dhe n\u00eb mbrojtje sociale. Skema e ndihm\u00ebs sociale mbulon vet\u00ebm rreth 25-30% t\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. N\u00ebse orientimi \u00ebsht\u00eb barazia sociale, at\u00ebher\u00eb politikat k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb rishqyrtim, plot\u00ebsim dhe pun\u00eb. Ose, vot\u00eb tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb zgjedhje.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

_______________<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Bllogu mb\u00ebshtetet nga Friedrich-Ebert-Stifftung, Zyra n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mendimet e shprehura n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb bllog nuk paraqesin medoemos besimet e Friedrich-Ebert-Stifftung.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rikthimi i fresk\u00ebt i statusit si kriter n\u00eb llogaritje t\u00eb pensioneve \u00ebsht\u00eb institucion jugosllav, kurse mbrojtja sociale n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb krijon tendenca t\u00eb riprodhimit t\u00eb klasave n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb t\u00eb painkuadruarve. Gjykata Kushtetuese e Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb dhjetor t\u00eb vitit 2011 e pat b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb pavlefsh\u00ebm nj\u00eb pension t\u00eb krijuar nga deputet\u00ebt p\u00ebr vete. Pensioni […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":403,"featured_media":7815,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1199],"ppma_author":[689],"class_list":["post-7834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-destrata"],"authors":[{"term_id":689,"user_id":403,"is_guest":0,"slug":"artan-mustafa","display_name":"Artan Mustafa","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/artan.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/artan.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Mustafa","first_name":"Artan","description":"Artan Mustafa \u00ebsht\u00eb hulumtues dhe ligj\u00ebrues n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e politik\u00ebs sociale. Ka studiuar shkenc\u00eb politike dhe zhvillim t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm n\u00eb Universitetin e Vjen\u00ebs, Universitetin Uppsala dhe Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs, si dhe ka pasur q\u00ebndrime n\u00eb Universitetin e Missouri-t, t\u00eb Tokios dhe t\u00eb Oslos. Ka punuar n\u00eb gazetari q\u00eb nga viti 2001 dhe ka qen\u00eb kryeredaktor i Gazet\u00ebs Jeta n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb (2011-2013)."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7834","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/403"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7834"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7834\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7836,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7834\/revisions\/7836"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7834"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7834"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7834"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/sr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=7834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}